预测放射性碘治疗在转移性甲状腺乳头状癌中疗效的临床和分子特征
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">放射性碘(RAI)治疗是远处转移分化型甲状腺癌(TC)的金标准<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>目的是确定可能有助于预测甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)<span style="color: black;">病人</span>转移灶对RAI亲和力和RAI治疗反应的临床和分子标志物。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者回顾性分析因远处转移接受RAI治疗的122例PTC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的临床资料。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者还在一组由30个转移性PTC<span style="color: black;">形成</span>的较小队列中分析了基于NGS panel检测的数据,该队列<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>完整的随访、可用的RAI治疗数据和<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者所在中心现有的肿瘤样本。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">RAI治疗后最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">结果</span>是<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>,占59.0%(n=71),中位估计<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期为30个月。在首次RAI治疗转移性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>时,RAI亲和力与PTC亚型、年龄和受刺激的甲状腺球蛋白<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。在31例PTC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的原发肿瘤中,最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的基因变异是RAS亚型(54.8%)和TERT<span style="color: black;">起步</span>子(TERTp,51.6%)。<strong style="color: blue;">BRAF p.V600E或RET/PTC变异的存在与较低的亲和力<span style="color: black;">关联</span>(p=0.012)。TERTp突变与亲和力<span style="color: black;">没</span>关(p=1.000),但预示着较高<span style="color: black;">发展</span>率的趋势(p=0.063);当RAS和TERTp突变<span style="color: black;">同期</span>存在时,得到<span style="color: black;">类似</span>的结果(p=1.000和p=0.073)。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">初期</span>识别原发肿瘤的分子标志物有助于预测RAI治疗的亲和力、转移灶的反应,并<span style="color: black;">选取</span>可能从其他系统治疗中获益最大的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>背景</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)是甲状腺癌(TC)中最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的类型,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>预后良好。远处转移<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在<span style="color: black;">少许</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,但远处转移是<span style="color: black;">她们</span>死亡的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>。分化良好的甲状腺肿瘤(WDTC)的转移灶对放射性碘(RAI)治疗<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>独特的<span style="color: black;">保存</span>和应答特性,RAI治疗仍是此类<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的金标准治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。尽管RAI摄取(RAI-avid)的转移性甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">结果</span>良好,但RAI难治性<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的10年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率从近60%降至10%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尽管RAI治疗难治性的定义存在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>争议,但<span style="color: black;">重点</span>集中在两个方面:RAI亲和力和对RAI治疗的反应,这两个概念不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>相互依赖。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TC的基因组图谱已被广泛<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。其中规模最大、范围最广的是癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)对PTC的分析。然而,在<span style="color: black;">科研</span>进行时,该队列中分别<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>4.8%和1.0%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>表现为高危和远处转移性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。在过去的几年中,<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>了更<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>侵袭性的TC,即转移性TC,以及低分化和未分化甲状腺癌(分别为PDTC和ATC)的分子谱。<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有不同的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>分析了TC分子变异及其与RAI亲和力或难治性的关系。然而,<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>了一小部分TC<span style="color: black;">关联</span>基因,还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>了TC组织学类型方面的非同质队列,这些TC<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>固有的不同的分子谱,以及不同的RAI治疗<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,在RAI难治性(RAIR)<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的唯<span style="color: black;">必定</span>义中,将RAI亲和力(即钠碘同向转运体(NIS)的正常功能)和RAI反应(即<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肿瘤缩小的细胞事件)这两个概念组合在<span style="color: black;">一块</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能有助于形成一个异质性队列。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>目的是在PTC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的同质队列中,确定可能有助于预测RAI亲和力和对RAI治疗反应的临床和分子标志物。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">临床数据:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的临床病理特征和治疗策略:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">共纳入122例有远处转移的PTC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。57例(46.7%)<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在PTC确诊时已<span style="color: black;">出现</span>远处转移,其余<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在随访过程中被诊断为远处转移。表1列出了该队列的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>临床和病理特征。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240311/01b97edce28b4c368a639b25b6100712.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q0.itc.cn/images01/20240311/42cdb8ac937040a2beccd127ccdb5899.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/images01/20240311/dc413cec202243f2bd2f22a990f7ce4d.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/images01/20240311/9259ebae945d4f958db33c44f1290d76.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表1</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">放射性碘治疗结果:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">RAI治疗特征见表2,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>RAI亲和力和RAI治疗应答。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>远处转移性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,RAI治疗后的中位PFS估计值为2.5年,这接近24个月这一临界值,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者认为RAI治疗后<span style="color: black;">最少</span>是一种短暂的稳定<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。<span style="color: black;">而后</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">科研</span>了与<span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">最少</span>24个月的部分或完全缓解或<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>稳定(表3)以及与亲和力<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的自变量(表4)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q3.itc.cn/images01/20240311/d2db363bd6ff4077a980012060aef861.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/images01/20240311/876c48223857493cbcd966d9cf7bc7f1.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表2</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240311/55b255bad52a417f97cbd4b968e2a9e8.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q0.itc.cn/images01/20240311/dbbca52b9fb44847a3947e17141c1f02.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表3</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240311/ad7c086a708449dab8019bac39c3defe.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/images01/20240311/7046fa1924444384adecffa6d8af8e5f.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表4</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">肿瘤分子数据:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">伴有远处转移的PTC常<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的基因变异:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图1<span style="color: black;">表示</span>了在31例<span style="color: black;">显现</span>远处转移的PTC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的原发肿瘤中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的分子变异。其中27例(87.1%)在初次诊断时就存在远处转移。滤泡型(fvPTC)占大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>(45.2%)。变异数的中位数为4.0(IQR 3.0,1.0-10.0)。在所有变异体中,46.3%的变异体存在于致癌基因中,21.5%存在于抑癌基因中。<strong style="color: blue;">最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的变异基因是RAS亚型 和TERTp,其次是USH2A和FAT4。BRAF p.V600E突变(c.1799T>A)见于2例(6.5%)肿瘤;BRAF非p.V600E突变((c.2156G>A;p.Arg719His)见于1例NRAS突变(c.182A>G;p.Gln61Arg)肿瘤,并且<span style="color: black;">按照</span>TCGA<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,这些突变<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>RAS样<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。EIF1AX突变常与NRAS突变共存。在一个<span style="color: black;">无</span>其他分子变异的肿瘤中观察到RET/PTC融合。最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的TERTp变异<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>-124 bp(Chr 5:1295228 C>T;-124C>T;C228T)(n=14,87.5%)。MAPK基因变异在男性中比在女性中更<span style="color: black;">平常</span>(p=0.026)。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者还观察到BRAF p.V600E和RET/PTC变异与经典型PTC(cPTC)<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的趋势(p=0.060)。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q5.itc.cn/images01/20240311/a5bffe3c147f48f0a3639f12d26a3daa.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q4.itc.cn/images01/20240311/4a48beedc9664c62991841ccdd39421f.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图1</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这些原发肿瘤不存在TP53和CDKI基因突变,错配修复(MMR)基因变异的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率低 。<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>1例(3.2%)肿瘤携带一个PIK3CA热点突变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">非MAPK/PI3K/AKT通路基因变异:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在数据集中,属于WNT通路的3个基因<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了变异:TCF7L2基因在9.7%(n=3)的病例中<span style="color: black;">出现</span>突变,RFN43基因在1个肿瘤(3.2%)中<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了可能致病性变异,AXIN1基因有一个<span style="color: black;">道理</span>不明的变异,总是与MAPK通路基因的变异共存。其他基因,如USH2A(编码在基底膜中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的引导素,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>其层粘连蛋白EGF样结构域与IV型胶原和纤维连接蛋白相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>)和FAT4(参与细胞黏附)<span style="color: black;">亦</span>发生了突变,<span style="color: black;">以上</span>两种基因的突变<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率均为16.1%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>RAI治疗结果对PTC进行分子谱分析:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>在亲和力和反应方面的RAI治疗结果对肿瘤进行<span style="color: black;">归类</span>:组1)RAI摄取和RAI治疗反应;组2)RAI摄取和<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>;组3)RAI非摄取和<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>(图1)。组间体细胞变异的中位数量<span style="color: black;">类似</span>(p=0.186)。<strong style="color: blue;">BRAF p.V600E或RET/PTC变异的存在与较低的亲和力<span style="color: black;">关联</span>(p=0.012)。</strong>孤立的RAS突变与亲合力(p=0.412)或<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>(p=0.576)<span style="color: black;">没</span>关。<strong style="color: blue;">TERTp突变与亲和力<span style="color: black;">没</span>关(p=1.000),但预示着较高<span style="color: black;">发展</span>率的趋势(p=0.063);当RAS和TERTp突变<span style="color: black;">同期</span>存在时,得到<span style="color: black;">类似</span>的结果(p=1.000和p=0.073)。</strong>3组间MAPK和WNT通路基因的变异比例<span style="color: black;">类似</span>。TSHR和DICER1基因的可能致病性变异仅在<span style="color: black;">发展</span>性肿瘤中观察到;另一方面,FAT4基因变异仅在组1中检测到,而USH2A基因变异仅在RAI摄取肿瘤中检测到(组1和组2)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">关于RAI难治性<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,在本队列中检测到的可靶向的突变基因和相应的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>见图2。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/images01/20240311/d9625140ff5943fe924aa9e618d945b0.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图2</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">讨 论</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>在接受RAI治疗的有远处转移的PTC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>同质队列中,介绍了RAI亲和力和RAI治疗反应的临床和分子标志物。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">结果</span>是<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>,<span style="color: black;">出现</span>于59.0%的病例(n=71),中位PFS估计为30个月,<span style="color: black;">表示</span>出该<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的特征性惰性病程。超过半数的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>病情稳定<span style="color: black;">最少</span>24个月。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">RAIR定义的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>缺陷之一是<span style="color: black;">那些</span>指标最适合<span style="color: black;">评定</span>RAI治疗的应答以及应答<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间。在一段可接受的时间内,<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>缓慢或<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>可视为RAI治疗反应,并<span style="color: black;">形成</span>重复RAI治疗的指征,而不是将<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>视为RAIR。正如其他<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者所主张的那样,在随访<span style="color: black;">时期</span>的任何时间点记录任何程度的肿瘤生长可能太不精确,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>将<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>归类为RAIR。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,基于本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>数据,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">意见</span>当<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在RAI治疗后不到24个月内<span style="color: black;">显现</span>生化和/或结构<span style="color: black;">发展</span>时,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>RAIR。</strong>RAIR定义中另一个有争议的点是“累计RAI治疗≥600 mCi”。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>这一<span style="color: black;">归类</span>,证据非常缺乏。Durante等人观察到,在累积活度低于200 mCi后,近一半(48%)的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>实现了WBS阴性。阴性WBS并不总是<span style="color: black;">表率</span>良好的反应,<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,在本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,与≥600 mCi相比,总活度<600 mCi并不影响RAI治疗反应。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者认为,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>在<span style="color: black;">全部</span>随访<span style="color: black;">时期</span>有任何获益(即<span style="color: black;">最少</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>稳定),且<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span>不良反应,则RAI治疗的累积活度可能高于600 mCi。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">转移性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>首次RAI治疗时,与RAI亲和力<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>的变量是PTC亚型、年龄和刺激性Tg。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>小组<span style="color: black;">近期</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>了组织类型对RAI治疗结果的影响:除了亲和力,组织类型<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是与PFS<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的独立变量,但与特定<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期<span style="color: black;">没</span>关。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在转移性PTC的小队列中(<span style="color: black;">能够</span>进行多基因panel的NGS分析),分子谱分析显示,最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的突变基因是RAS亚型(54.8%)和TERTp(51.6%),而BRAF突变和RET/PTC融合分别在约10%和3%的原发肿瘤中检出。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>与PTC TCGA<span style="color: black;">科研</span>形<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>对比,在PTC TCGA<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中观察到BRAF突变占主导地位。值得<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,TCGA队列<span style="color: black;">重点</span>以经典型PTC(cPTC,65.0%)和fvPTC(20.0%)为主,而在本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>队列中,fvPTC是最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的亚型(45.2%),其次是经典型+滤泡型(16.1%)和cPTC(12.9%)。Sabra等人<span style="color: black;">科研</span>了43例RAI摄取TC,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>PDTC(33%)、cPTC(28%)、fvPTC(19%)和其他亚型(20%),并<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了RAS(42%)、BRAF(23%)、PIK3CA(2%)突变和RET/PTC融合(10%)。Shobab等人<span style="color: black;">科研</span>了24例RAIR甲状腺癌,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>PDTC和嗜酸细胞性TC,并报告了BRAF(27%)、RAS(23%)和TP53(23%)的激活性变异。然而,这些<span style="color: black;">科研</span>并未<span style="color: black;">触及</span>TERTp。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,如本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中所示,以RAI摄取肿瘤为主的队列可能<span style="color: black;">饱含</span>RAS突变。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">在本队列中,BRAF突变仅在<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>(RAI摄取和RAIR)中检出。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者观察到BRAF或RET/PTC变异与较低的RAI亲和力<span style="color: black;">关联</span>,证实了MAPK通路与去分化<span style="color: black;">关联</span>,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是与NIS下调<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。值得<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>单独的RAS或TERTp突变与较低的亲和力<span style="color: black;">没</span>关,但当这两种变异并存时,它们<span style="color: black;">表示</span>出<span style="color: black;">发展</span>的趋势。</strong><span style="color: black;">发展</span>性肿瘤(组2和组3)<span style="color: black;">显著</span>富集了TERTp突变,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这种基因变异存在于2/3的病例中。相反,Sabra等人观察到,与<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>的RAI摄取<span style="color: black;">病人</span>相比,<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>稳定或部分缓解的RAI摄取<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">类似</span>的RAS、BRAF、RET/PTC比例,除了存在PIK3CA突变(仅在<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>的RAI摄取<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中检测到)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>在甲状腺癌中<span style="color: black;">报告</span>频率较低的基因,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了两个可能与甲状腺癌转移<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的WNT通路基因TCF7L2和RNF43突变,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它们与已知的驱动基因BRAF或RAS共存。在16.1%的肿瘤中观察到USH2A基因变异,与22例ATC(18.0%)中<span style="color: black;">报告</span>的频率<span style="color: black;">类似</span>,<span style="color: black;">显示</span>该基因可能在甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">发展</span>中起<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>。FAT4基因在上皮-间充质转化中起<span style="color: black;">重要</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>,而该基因变异在甲状腺肿瘤中罕见,在本队列的5例肿瘤(16.1%)中观察到FAT4基因变异。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在确定可<span style="color: black;">做为</span>靶点的变异方面,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者观察到1/4的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>(有/<span style="color: black;">没</span>RAI亲和力)肿瘤,有RET/PTC重排,且这些肿瘤为RAS或BRAF阴性。van der Tuin等人在7/60(12%)<span style="color: black;">无</span>RAS或BRAF突变的RAI难治性肿瘤中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了可<span style="color: black;">做为</span>靶点的基因融合。在本队列中观察到MMR基因突变的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率低,这<span style="color: black;">显示</span>免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂治疗可能对这些<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>效。相应地,对55例<span style="color: black;">必须</span>全身治疗的转移性甲状腺癌的基因组分析<span style="color: black;">表示</span>不存在微卫星不稳定性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>分析原发肿瘤<span style="color: black;">做为</span>预测远处转移<span style="color: black;">行径</span>的替代<span style="color: black;">办法</span>得到了<span style="color: black;">近期</span>两项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的支持,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>匹配原发肿瘤和远处转移(<span style="color: black;">包含</span>PTC),并<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>总体突变状态是<span style="color: black;">类似</span>的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>局限性,即其回顾性性质以及可<span style="color: black;">选取</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>数量。然而,这一较小的队列仅由PTC组织类型<span style="color: black;">构成</span>,这在本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中<span style="color: black;">表率</span>了<span style="color: black;">优良</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">综上所述,尽管大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>伴有远处转移的PTC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受RAI治疗后在随访<span style="color: black;">时期</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>,但该治疗<span style="color: black;">最少</span>可使<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>稳定2年。<span style="color: black;">初期</span>识别原发肿瘤的分子标志物有助于预测RAI治疗的亲和力和转移灶的反应,并<span style="color: black;">选取</span>可能从其他系统治疗中获益最大的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考文献:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Simões-Pereira, Joana et al. “Clinical and molecular characterisation of metastatic papillary thyroid cancer according to radioiodine therapy outcomes.” Endocrine, 10.1007/s12020-023-03633-y. 16 Dec. 2023, doi:10.1007/s12020-023-03633-y<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛:http://www.fok120.com/</span>,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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