你真的学会“资讯”了吗？断言式资讯、参与式资讯……
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">学新传的，出去千万别说自己“不懂”<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>，毕竟这是老本行。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>随着技术发展，依托于新技术又<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>新的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>类型，之前的硬<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>、软<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>在新名词之前都弱爆了。</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/dbd93ace3eda4531be36d6d89ba1af23~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724090849&x-signature=7Ayo2kBCRS2f%2FCHjQT60lM5a%2Fao%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">撇开<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>耳熟能详的数据<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>、精确<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>等名词，区块链<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>、沉浸式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>、断言式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>等听上去总会让人一头雾水，我是太OUT了吗？</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">其实，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>这种新的名词解释，<span style="color: black;">大众</span>要<span style="color: black;">注重</span>平时的<span style="color: black;">累积</span>，有<span style="color: black;">认识</span>去总结整理一下，并且这类名词院校非常<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>考，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>参考院校真题以及学术前沿，为<span style="color: black;">大众</span>整理了下面这份<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>类型名解大全，以下：</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">数据<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">数据<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>数据驱动<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>，是大数据时代<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>业<span style="color: black;">持续</span>适应媒介环境变化而探索出的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>生产的新方式。开放的数据、严谨的叙事<span style="color: black;">规律</span>、恰当的可视化呈现方式<span style="color: black;">一起</span>构<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>数据<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>。<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一种新型的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>生产模式，数据<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>改变了传统<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的生产模式和<span style="color: black;">全部</span>运作体系，<span style="color: black;">诱发</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>理念、思维与模式的变革，<span style="color: black;">作为</span>大数据时代<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>学发展的新<span style="color: black;">行业</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">精确<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">精确<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>精确<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>，兴起于20世纪60年代的美国。它是基于科学的量化<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>。精确<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>能使<span style="color: black;">报告</span>内容更加公正、客观，避免<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>“二手”的人为主观<span style="color: black;">原因</span>，更能反映人民的呼声和意见，<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>更令人信服。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在采写时精确<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>需<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的问题有以下几个方面：①运用定量<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>采集数据。运用定量<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>采集数据，这是精确<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>学与传统<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>学的最大区别；②数据应用。数据应用的过程<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>写作的过程，即告诉读者数据是怎么来的；③数据延伸。尽管精确<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>以数据信息<span style="color: black;">做为</span>自己的内容<span style="color: black;">基本</span>，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>，数据<span style="color: black;">常常</span>停留在对社会宏观概况的描述，<span style="color: black;">没法</span>深入到社会的深处和细处，<span style="color: black;">显出</span>表面化。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">黄色<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">黄色<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>在<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>是有所特指的，是<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>和<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>编辑的一种取向，指极度夸张及捏造情节的手法来渲染<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>事件，尤其是关于色情、暴力、犯罪方面的事件。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">黄色<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>起源于19世纪末20世纪初普利策和赫斯特的“新式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>”时代，其特点如下：带有创新性质；更加<span style="color: black;">公众</span>化；充满了煽情性<span style="color: black;">报告</span>、大标题以及较多<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">照片</span>。名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>于普利策和赫斯特黄色大战中的漫画主角黄<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">融合<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">“融合<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>”又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“多样化<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>”，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>指利用多<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>手段进行<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>传播活动。<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>例如报纸、电台、电视台和网站及手机等，集中在一个信息操作平台上，统一策划、相互协调，取长补短，<span style="color: black;">按照</span>各自<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>和受众特点对信息进行<span style="color: black;">归类</span>加工，发挥各自的传播<span style="color: black;">优良</span>，有针对性地传播给特定受众。融合<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的理念最早<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>芝加哥论坛<span style="color: black;">机构</span>和<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>综合集团两家<span style="color: black;">媒介</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>率先进行实践的，这两家<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>为融合<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的发展探索出<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的发展模式。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">反转<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">反转<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>在互联网传播<span style="color: black;">行业</span>中，对同一事件的<span style="color: black;">报告</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>一次或多次<span style="color: black;">明显</span>变化<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>反向变化的现象，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>特征是吸引舆论眼球的不是事件本身，而是让人瞠目结舌的戏剧性反转以及公众态度的反转。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">“反转<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>”大多<span style="color: black;">表现</span>出如下的传播特性：这些<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>事件本身极具<span style="color: black;">专题</span>性，大多反映出当前社会的热点问题，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>传播范围广、受众数量大、<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>热情高，舆论在演变过程中多呈现出高度一致性和极端变化性。可将<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的反转途径归纳为：事件<span style="color: black;">出现</span>—<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>初始<span style="color: black;">报告</span>—初始舆论形成—事件拐点—舆论反转，有的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>事件<span style="color: black;">这里</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span>上可能会再次<span style="color: black;">出现</span>反转。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">辫子<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">美国学者谢尔•以色列在《<span style="color: black;">博客</span>力》一书中提出了“辫子<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>” (Brailed Journalism)的概念。“辫子<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>”是融<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>时代<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>采编的一个新理念。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>叫辫子<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>, 是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它由三股<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>资源交织而成。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">一是传统<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>, <span style="color: black;">尤其</span>指以发布专业<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>获取<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>收入的纸质及广电<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>。二是自<span style="color: black;">媒介</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>, 指非专业<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>人士传播的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>及传播<span style="color: black;">行径</span>, <span style="color: black;">拥有</span>突发性、开放性、参与性等特点。三是社会性<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>, 这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是传统<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>与自<span style="color: black;">媒介</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>交叉地域, <span style="color: black;">包含</span>手机、社交网站等。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">事实上, 辫子<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>一种兼具共享性和合作性的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>采编发模式, 尤其在对像地震、火灾、空难等其他<span style="color: black;">危险</span>或<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>事件的<span style="color: black;">报告</span>中表现不俗。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">建设性<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">“建设性<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>”这一概念<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>兼具记者和学者双重身份的海格拉普在2008 年<span style="color: black;">发布</span>的一篇<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>评论中正式提出的，它是一种新兴的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>形式，在<span style="color: black;">保持</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>核心功能的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>（<span style="color: black;">例如</span>“看门狗”、<span style="color: black;">通知</span>公众潜在威胁等功能），将积极心理学和其他<span style="color: black;">行径</span>科学的技巧运用到<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>流程和<span style="color: black;">制品</span>，致力于创作卓有成效、引人入胜的<span style="color: black;">报告</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">建设性<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>理念力图打破传统的职业角色设定对记者的<span style="color: black;">捆绑</span>，<span style="color: black;">需求</span>记者承担起行动者的角色并<span style="color: black;">供给</span>解困的思路。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">建设性<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的特点在于它<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>面向<span style="color: black;">将来</span>的视野，以及开掘可能的<span style="color: black;">处理</span>路径。它打破了突发<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>紧盯当下和调查<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>追溯过去的视野局限，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>吸纳解困<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>、<span style="color: black;">百姓</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>等<span style="color: black;">关联</span>理念，推动<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>一种建设性的力量参与到社会发展的进程中，提倡<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>从业者秉持着“<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>能够推动社会变好”而非“<span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>这么坏”的思路展开<span style="color: black;">报告</span>，从而将<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>业的合法性从单纯的呈现和批判现实向着推动人类进步的维度转变。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">个性化<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">个性化<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>是<span style="color: black;">按照</span>用户的兴趣和习惯设置<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>内容的个性化平台。各个<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>客户端都在主打个性化<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">举荐</span>，尤其是强调<span style="color: black;">经过</span>算法<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>用户的<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>，从而“精确”地<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>给用户<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>内容，让读者真正<span style="color: black;">持有</span>“我的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>”。国内<span style="color: black;">重点</span>以今日头条，天天快报和一点<span style="color: black;">新闻</span>等算法类<span style="color: black;">新闻</span>平台为代表，在美国以 News Republic 为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">算法<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">算法<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>（algorithmic journalism）又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>人<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>、数据<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>、自动化<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>、计算<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>，<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>“<span style="color: black;">创立</span>在算法、人工智能程序平台以及自然语言衍生技术<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上的新型<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>生产模式，其<span style="color: black;">重点</span>特征是<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的文字及部分视觉内容可由算法直接自动生成”。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">当前，算法<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>在欧美各大主流<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span>均<span style="color: black;">创立</span>起<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度的智能平台，BBC打造的Jucier，路透社的News Tracer等算法平台，都为其<span style="color: black;">公司</span>生产了<span style="color: black;">必定</span>数量的算法<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>。算法<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>人工智能这一新生技术在<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>传播行业的衍生，法律条文还未能<span style="color: black;">即时</span>作出规制，行业规范<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很不健全，抛开现<span style="color: black;">周期</span>技术本身的问题，单就伦理层面来讲，面临着隐私权侵犯、算法黑箱、价值偏向、缺乏人文关怀与社会责任感，以及<span style="color: black;">将来</span>强人工智能<span style="color: black;">周期</span>所<span style="color: black;">触及</span>的<span style="color: black;">设备</span>伦理等一系列的问题。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">迭代<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">迭代<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>( Iterative Journalism)由美国学者保罗·布拉德肖(Paul Bradshaw)提出，迭代<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的<span style="color: black;">报告</span>流程是以互联网为核心平台进行的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>生产，专业人员与用户进行广泛深入的互动。在迭代过程中，在快速<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上，<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>逼近事件真相，抵达受众对<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>深度的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。这一模式反映了网络媒介环境的巨大变化：<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>从静态的“<span style="color: black;">制品</span>”变<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>动态的“过程”。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">保罗·布拉德肖认为这是21世纪<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>生产的一种新旧<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>相结合的比较理想的模式，但在<span style="color: black;">实质</span>操作的过程中，存在很多的问题，<span style="color: black;">报告</span>者几乎不做任何核实，就以最短的时间、最少的核实先<span style="color: black;">报告</span>一个“似是而非的存在”，再“边施工边设计”完成一个“不完美的成果物”。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">传感器<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">所说</span>的传感器<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>利用传感器来生成或收集数据，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>分析、可视化、<span style="color: black;">运用</span>数据来支持<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">传感器进入<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>生产<span style="color: black;">行业</span>，让人类<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在更大范围内，更加全面深入地审视<span style="color: black;">自己</span>所处的环境。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>传感器技术发展<span style="color: black;">亦</span>存在不确定性，技术黑箱的存在、数据结构的<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>、<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>工作者的伦理道德失范、<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>的自我<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>不足、国家的监管力度<span style="color: black;">不足</span>，可能使传感器<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>准确性难以<span style="color: black;">保准</span>和<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>隐私侵犯的问题。尽管传感器<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>可能<span style="color: black;">诱发</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>或那样的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，我 们<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>因噎废食、<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>引入新技术，而是要积极采取<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>，<span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>规避<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。一方面，要<span style="color: black;">持续</span>发展传感器技术，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>完善技术<span style="color: black;">方法</span>降低技术<span style="color: black;">危害</span>；另一方面，要将传感器<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>可能带来的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>置于社会责任和法律责任的脉络之下，<span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>社会主体责任，<span style="color: black;">创立</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>规避的社会体系。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">沉浸式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">沉浸式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>以<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>事件<span style="color: black;">做为</span>内容依托，借助 VR、AR 等技术手段，用户以<span style="color: black;">第1</span>人<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>的叙事视角体验<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>事件<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的情景以及发展脉络，从而<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>“沉浸”于事件的独特感官体验。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">相较于传统<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>，沉浸式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>所<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的独特的数字化传播环境，使得认知主体能得到认知对象“存在在那里”的主观感受。这种游走在虚拟世界与现实世界之间的“体验”相互交织，打破了<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>受众<span style="color: black;">本来</span>认知的局限性，并对<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的传播效果产生特定的影响。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">策展<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">策展<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>(cuartion news)是对互联网以及由此而来的信息环境和用户消费心理变化的呼应。有学者认为:“互联网信息环境的变化(从信息稀缺到信息超载)带来了用户信息疲劳，催生了<span style="color: black;">她们</span>对相对开放、<span style="color: black;">优秀</span>和结构化的信息秩序的<span style="color: black;">巴望</span>。这推动了<span style="color: black;">所说</span>‘Curation<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>’的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>及它与移动<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>客户端的结合。”策展<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>解构了传统<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的生产实践。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">最早关注策展<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的，是美国的罗森鲍姆和澳大利亚的布伦斯。2011 年，罗斯鲍姆<span style="color: black;">经过</span>比较赫芬顿邮报和Google News，提出人工<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>高于智能程序的观点，强调<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>策展人“把网络上的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的优秀内容加以整合、编辑、加工，分享给受众，所做的工作<span style="color: black;">包含</span>寻找、辨别、<span style="color: black;">选取</span>、验证、组织、描述等”。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">策展<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>强调<span style="color: black;">优秀</span>内容的聚合及<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>用户共享关系的<span style="color: black;">创立</span>，<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>用户参与程度影响<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>策展的影响力。正如科瓦奇和罗森斯蒂尔的预测:“下一代<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>业<span style="color: black;">必要</span>欢迎并且为更具参与性的<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>服务。正是从这个<span style="color: black;">道理</span>上说，<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">再也不</span>是讲授，它<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的是一种内容更加丰富的对话。”</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">全景式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">全景式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>综合文字、全景<span style="color: black;">照片</span>、全景视频、 实时直播、H5 互动等多个<span style="color: black;">媒介</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>，将受众带入到<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>的场景之中，高度还原<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>事件，形成“超真实”的现场感。这种现场感让<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>变得<span style="color: black;">新鲜</span>起来，受众由被动走向主动，真正参与到<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>的过程中来。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，全景式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>将<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的时效性发挥到了极致，采编<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>是孤立的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>生产流程，而是融为一体，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>进行，将最“热乎”的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>事件传播给受众。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">全景式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>的特点有三：1、技术支撑，创造情境满足受众需求；2、融屏共振，传播方式立体化多样化；3、参与其中，受众互动成重要环节。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">全景式传播的确为<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了一种全新视角看待<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>，构建了丰富多彩的媒介生态格局，它将<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>从二维平面的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>中剥离出来，推开三维<span style="color: black;">报告</span>时代的<span style="color: black;">前门</span>。但<span style="color: black;">做为</span>新生的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>模式，无论在技术还是内容层面，全景式<span style="color: black;">报告</span>都存在着<span style="color: black;">有些</span>缺陷和问题。如技术不成熟、内容全面但碎片化、媒介伦理失范问题日益凸显等等。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">众筹<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">众筹<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">也</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>众筹，<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>个人或<span style="color: black;">公司</span>向公众募集资金，实现特定的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>计划。是社会化网络时代<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的一种新的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>策划、<span style="color: black;">报告</span>与消费形式，它由记者或<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span>策划并<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>某一<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>（<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是调查<span style="color: black;">报告</span>）计划，向有兴趣的公众筹集款项，当<span style="color: black;">得到</span>足够的资金支持后，再展开<span style="color: black;">详细</span>的<span style="color: black;">报告</span>。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，在<span style="color: black;">报告</span>过程中向<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>者<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的参与和互动机会，并给予相应的<span style="color: black;">报答</span>。众筹<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>重新定义了记者和公众的角色及其相互关系，开创了一种新的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>生产与消费模式。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>，众筹<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的探索、实践正在<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>范围内展开。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为更好地理解众筹<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>从三个<span style="color: black;">方向</span>来<span style="color: black;">诠释</span>这个概念：一是发起者，即记者、自由撰稿人、<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>及其他<span style="color: black;">公司</span>制定<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>可行的<span style="color: black;">报告</span>计划，并向公众推销该<span style="color: black;">报告</span>项目；二是平台，众筹平台搭建起发起者和<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>者的平台，为发起者<span style="color: black;">供给</span>筹资<span style="color: black;">途径</span>，为<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>者<span style="color: black;">供给</span>回馈服务；三是<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>者，即公众<span style="color: black;">经过</span>众筹平台，以捐助的形式<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>发起者的项目，并<span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>的回馈。由此可见，众筹<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了一种全新的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>运作模式，重新定义了<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>生产和消费的各个环节。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">众包<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">众包<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>一个<span style="color: black;">机构</span>或<span style="color: black;">公司</span>把过去由员工执行的工作任务，以自由和自愿的形式外包给非特定的（<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>是大型的）<span style="color: black;">公众</span>网络的做法。其实从“众包”的精髓来看，它并不是一个新生事物，简单直白来讲，它<span style="color: black;">便是</span>“集思广益”，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>一旦和互联网结合之后，“众包”就变得无远弗届，将人类<span style="color: black;">公众</span>的力量聚合成旺盛发展、无限强大的自组织有机体。世界各地的人们集合在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>，<span style="color: black;">一起</span>完成任务，几乎分文不取，而这些任务曾经<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>某个专业<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的雇员完成的。这种现象正在广泛地影响着从摄像到<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>以及科学等各个产业。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">解困式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">所说</span>解困<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>，<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>致力于<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题而非只是<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>问题的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>，这是随着<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>实践深入而<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的一个新概念，其兴起<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">公众</span>“审丑”疲劳以及媒介融合的大趋势。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">解困式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>是《纽约时报》专栏作家大卫•伯恩斯坦在2008年提出的。它属于严肃<span style="color: black;">报告</span>的一种，与“建设性<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>”类似，其<span style="color: black;">重点</span>致力于<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>传递社会正能量，呼吁<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的人关注社会问题的<span style="color: black;">处理</span>和实践。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，“解困式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>”更致力于<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题，为<span style="color: black;">消极</span>事件<span style="color: black;">供给</span>正确的<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>。解困式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>注重数据和案例的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>，内容<span style="color: black;">重点</span>围绕<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、犯罪、社会公共安全威胁等问题，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对社会问题进行揭露调查，针对现实<span style="color: black;">状况</span>作出分析，并提出<span style="color: black;">实质</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>从而打消公众疑虑和恐惧，传递社会正能量</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">公共<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">公共<span style="color: black;">资讯</span> (Public Joumalism ) 的概念源于20世纪90年代未美国<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>业的改革运动,认为“<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者<span style="color: black;">不该</span>该仅仅是<span style="color: black;">报告</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>,<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者的工作还应该<span style="color: black;">包括</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>内容:致力于<span style="color: black;">加强</span>社会公众在<span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>信息的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上的行动能力,关注公众之间对话和交流的质量,<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>人们积极地寻求<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题的途径,告诉社会公众<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>去应对社会问题,而<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>是让<span style="color: black;">她们</span>去阅读或观看这些问题。“它<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上是<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>在内外交困的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下进行的内在变革,它<span style="color: black;">经过</span>设置公共议题、展现各方面意见<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是普通公众意见等方式来加强与社会和公众的联系。有学者把公共<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>概括成四句话:“培育和营造<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>社会,监督和构建公共<span style="color: black;">行业</span>,<span style="color: black;">报告</span>和<span style="color: black;">指点</span>公共事务，交流和引导公共意见“。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">断言式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">比尔·科瓦奇和汤姆·罗森斯蒂尔在《真相一一信息超载时代<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>该相信什么》一书中<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>列举了<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>模式的四种<span style="color: black;">归类</span>，断言式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>其中的一种。这四种<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>模式分别是:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">确证式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>(Journalism of Verification)：强调准确和语境的传统<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>模式；</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">断言式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>(Journalism of Assertion)：强调即时性和声音<span style="color: black;">体积</span>的新模式，一种趋向被动的信息<span style="color: black;">途径</span>；</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">肯定式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>(Journalism of Affirmation)：<span style="color: black;">经过</span>肯定受众的信念而不是依靠准确、完整或确证来构筑忠诚度的新型政治<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>，为了实现这一<span style="color: black;">目的</span>而刻意拣选信息；</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">利益集团式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>(Interest—group Journalism)：<span style="color: black;">包含</span>针对特定<span style="color: black;">目的</span>受众的网站和<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>，经常从事调查<span style="color: black;">报告</span>。它们<span style="color: black;">一般</span>由专门的利益集团而非<span style="color: black;">媒介</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">帮助</span>，设计得像<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">尽管这些划分是当时<span style="color: black;">按照</span>美国<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>业的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>做出的，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>在中国<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能依稀看到类似的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>形态。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>以<span style="color: black;">外链</span>网为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的门户网站<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>断言式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的特征，而《环球时报》则<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>肯定式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的某些特点，博客、社交<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>等网站上的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>则是<span style="color: black;">以上</span>四种<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的混合物。其中，又以断言式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>最能适应媒介技术的发展及我国特有的<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>环境而<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>取代传统的“把关人”式的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>（即“确证式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>”），<span style="color: black;">作为</span>当下“<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>反转”及向“后真相”社会过渡的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>诱因之一。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">区块链<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">区块链<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的概念可表述为基于区块链技术呈现的更为客观的、透明的、不可篡改的数字化<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>。它以区块链技术为<span style="color: black;">基本</span>，所有的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>生产、制作、传播等皆<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在“区块链”技术场域中，所有的过程皆在区块链程序代码<span style="color: black;">其中</span>留下痕迹，<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>透明可查且不可篡改等<span style="color: black;">明显</span>特征。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">区块链<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>自2016年起<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>，并呈现出多样化的媒介形态，到2018年已日渐<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>界关注的焦点。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>，区块链<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">媒介</span>大致可分为五个类别：区块链<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>网站、区块链社交网站、浏览器插件、区块链搜索引擎、其他类型<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>与区块链<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>合作生产区块链<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>。它们都以代币为<span style="color: black;">基本</span>，<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>区块链上劳动所衍生的价值维系<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>的运作，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>代币还<span style="color: black;">做为</span>激活受众参与的手段和<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>等的<span style="color: black;">评估</span>标尺，从而使<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>实践摆脱第三方的影响，用新技术手段来实现<span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">败兴</span>传媒业所追寻的传统价值，即客观、公正、中立等。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">参与式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">参与式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为<span style="color: black;">百姓</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>，指<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>由公众参与的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>生产和传播活动，它强调了普通<span style="color: black;">百姓</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>主体去参与<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>以前属于职业记者<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的活动。<span style="color: black;">必须</span>指出的是参与式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>并不排斥职业记者，只是在参与式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>中，职业记者是以普通<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>的身份参与的。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">参与式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>是一种自下而上浮现的现象，与主流<span style="color: black;">媒介</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>，参与式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>严格的传统和标准限制。在参与式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>中，<span style="color: black;">无</span>一个<span style="color: black;">公司</span>来<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>信息的交换，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很少有编辑监督以及<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>工作流程的约束。对话机制使得<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>更<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>流动性，参与式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>正在创建一个动态的、平等的信息交换伦理。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">参与式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的传播者是普通<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>，无组织的个人不像传统<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>那样<span style="color: black;">把握</span>着媒介资源，其参与的目的<span style="color: black;">大都是</span>为了满足个人心理<span style="color: black;">必须</span>。因社会性<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>多<span style="color: black;">触及</span>社会问题、社会事件和社会生活等方面的内容，与普通人的生活息息<span style="color: black;">关联</span>，<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>广泛性且富有人情味，能够<span style="color: black;">导致</span>广泛的社会兴趣，故而参与式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>传播的内容多以社会性<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>为主。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">有偿<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">有偿<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">指的是</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>工作者采取不正当手段向被采访<span style="color: black;">报告</span>对象索取物质<span style="color: black;">报答</span>,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>故意隐匿和扣押<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的活动。其实质是某些<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>从业人员将国家和社会赋予的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span>传播<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的权利; <span style="color: black;">做为</span>个人和团体的私有商品<span style="color: black;">违法</span>出卖,进行权利和金钱的<span style="color: black;">违法</span>交易。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">有偿<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>是“拜金主义“在<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>的反映,是<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>界的不正之风,它的存在和蔓延,是<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>行业的耻辱。有偿<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>是任何<span style="color: black;">认识</span>形态,任何社会制度的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>从业人员都不齿的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。无论东方西方 , 有偿<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>都是<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>职业道德所明令禁止的。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">锁眼<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">锁眼<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>揭露隐私的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>。19 世纪上半叶至 20 世纪 30 年代 , 西方报界黄色<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>泛溥 , 许多记者为利益所驱使 , 纷纷窥视名流显贵<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>平民<span style="color: black;">大众</span>的私生活 , <span style="color: black;">常常</span>从锁眼里向他人家室里偷望而<span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>素材 , 把搜集到的丑闻当乐趣<span style="color: black;">报告</span> , 故<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>锁眼<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">洋葱<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">洋葱<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>运用网络传播,以<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>方式炮制的笑料。内容多纯属捏造,让人读来觉得荒谬, 过后又感到辛辣无比,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可归人“网络恶搞“类中。“洋葱<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>“<span style="color: black;">做为</span>网络中的一种语言文化现象, 颠覆了真实和虚构、边缘和中心、精英和亚文化、高雅和<span style="color: black;">俗气</span>之间的界限。制作者和传播者<span style="color: black;">经过</span>网络来颠覆、嘲弄权威和主流文化,行使自己的话语权,达到制作者有意、观赏者会心的效果。平民<span style="color: black;">公众</span>朴素的社会责任感和正义感借此得到了伸张 ,使之<span style="color: black;">作为</span>一种全新的文艺批评形式。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">洋葱<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>最早起源于一家同名的<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>——The Onion。这是一个以<span style="color: black;">供给</span>“讽刺<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>”闻名的组织<span style="color: black;">公司</span>，<span style="color: black;">持有</span>专业的编辑、记者、主播等工作人员，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>模仿专业的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span>，<span style="color: black;">报告</span>风格讽刺、幽默，在世界范围内都受到人们的广泛欢迎。如今，洋葱<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">哪些</span>真假难辨、<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>幽默感或讽刺性的<span style="color: black;">新闻</span>信息的代名词，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>创作者或信息传播<span style="color: black;">公司</span>生产和传播洋葱<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>，以达到批判或娱乐的目的。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">蜂巢式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">蜂巢式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">指的是</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>者众多、信息黑洞众多和碎片化<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>众多的事件<span style="color: black;">报告</span>样态。在新<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>语境中，尤其是重大的突发事件<span style="color: black;">出现</span>之后，瞬间产生众多的信息黑洞，如在2021年河南暴雨灾害中，河南各个地区的受灾<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>受灾人员，被困家庭的信息等，<span style="color: black;">必须</span>有人挖掘、填补，这种众多的信息黑洞类似蜂巢上众多空洞洞的蜂巢孔。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">众多不确定的信息促发众多的专业记者和在场<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>尽情搜罗、挖掘，这类似于蜜蜂采蜜的<span style="color: black;">情况</span>：当<span style="color: black;">显现</span>繁花一片，方圆<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>里的蜜蜂都会飞来采蜜，。<span style="color: black;">报告</span>时间的紧迫和人们获知信息的急切，使得专业的和<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>的记者只能对事件进行零散、碎片化的<span style="color: black;">报告</span>，如同一只蜜蜂采足了花粉就飞回来填充蜂巢。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">串式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">串式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>是以<span style="color: black;">博客</span>为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的社交<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>独有的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>叙事方式。它<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>在<span style="color: black;">博客</span>社交<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>中，为了使读者清楚<span style="color: black;">全部</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的来龙去脉，用户会在转发前一条<span style="color: black;">博客</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上发布一条新的<span style="color: black;">博客</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>，<span style="color: black;">这般</span>前后两条<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>便以“糖葫芦串”的形式得以呈现。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">串式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>叫做糖葫芦串<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>，中国传媒大学教授曾庆香曾在论文对其进行<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的论述。“糖葫芦串”式的<span style="color: black;">博客</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>叙事样态，在内容上，有利于<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>或修正<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的叙事要素，使语义表达连贯，实现过程真实，并<span style="color: black;">最后</span>实现事件的整体真实；在形式上，<span style="color: black;">明显</span>了<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>事件发展的<span style="color: black;">规律</span><span style="color: black;">次序</span>，以最省力的方式将<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>事件的各个要素串联起来，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>时间跨度长或信息要素难以<span style="color: black;">即时</span>准确挖掘的突发性事件的表达有着天然的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>，克服了人们记忆的局限性。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">博客</span>的串式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>，<span style="color: black;">第1</span>条<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>是事件叙述。其后串联的<span style="color: black;">博客</span>新闻有的是<span style="color: black;">报告</span>事件<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>的后果，即“葫芦串”为“事件后果”。“事件后果”的串式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>不仅实现了<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>叙事的完整性，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>让<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>消费省时省力，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它既满足了互联网语境下人们的快餐式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>消费习惯，又避免了<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>事件时间跨度太长人们遗忘先前<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的事件，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>还方便受众随时消费<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">视觉<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>：</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">视觉<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>特写式<span style="color: black;">信息</span>，<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>运用形象化的手法来表现事物，能取得良好的视觉效果的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>。视觉<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的立脚点应先<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">信息</span>的特征，其次应运用特写的表现手法。其最<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的特点是现场感强，使读者如临其境、如见其人、如闻其声，克服枯燥感和概念化。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">参考文献：</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1、圣才名词解释专项训练</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2、新<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>技术下的全景式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>模式 丁溪原</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3、以反传统的实践追求<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>业的传统价值 蔡雯</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">4、解困<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>学概念界定、发展背景及特点分析 张文慧</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">5、信息时代自<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>传播，个性化<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的思考 桑华</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">6、个性化<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">举荐</span>发展动力及趋势<span style="color: black;">科研</span> 谢新洲</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">7、反转<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的叙事框架和传播影响 陆学莉</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">8、传感器<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的发展与<span style="color: black;">危害</span>规避<span style="color: black;">科研</span> 谢耘耕</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">9、沉浸式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>，场景表达与交互创新 徐曼馨</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">十、</span>策展<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>，以对话为中心的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>实践 吴果中</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">11、断言式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>——媒介技术驱动下的新型<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>模式<span style="color: black;">科研</span> | 6月社媒<span style="color: black;">行业</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>新<span style="color: black;">发展</span>陈想非</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">12、明明是假的，<span style="color: black;">为何</span>洋葱<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>还这么受欢迎？全媒派</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">13、新<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>形态下的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>样式（1）：蜂巢式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>和串式<span style="color: black;">资讯</span> <span style="color: black;">资讯</span>与传播</span></span></p>
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