实性结节,囊性结节......关于甲状腺结节的专业词,学会看懂不慌张
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">近年来,随着体检的普及,越来越多人被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>有甲状腺结节。面对体检报告上甲状腺结节的医学专业词汇和结论,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人感到迷茫、不解和担心。这些专业词和结论,<span style="color: black;">到底</span><span style="color: black;">表率</span>什么?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q5.itc.cn/images01/20240522/5fed19303113411cb3331859bf764d1e.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PART01、甲状腺结节是什么?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺结节是甲状腺细胞<span style="color: black;">反常</span>增生后在甲状腺组织中呈现的组织团块,是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>甲状腺<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>症状,多在健康<span style="color: black;">检测</span>中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>结节压迫甲状腺<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织,<span style="color: black;">显现</span>声音嘶哑、压迫感、<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难和吞咽困难等。女性发病率高于男性,发病<span style="color: black;">原由</span>多样,缺碘、正常甲状腺组织过度增生、退行性变、放射暴露史、遗传、甲状腺炎症等,都可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>甲状腺结节。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q3.itc.cn/images01/20240522/35517ac807934df491b355e2c0002b6d.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PART02、甲状腺结节的超声征象</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">针对甲状腺结节的诊断,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>采用甲状腺超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。而在甲状腺超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>报告中,会呈现不同的结节类型。以下是《甲状腺结节和分化型甲状腺癌诊治指南》(第二版)中关于甲状腺结节的超声诊断<span style="color: black;">关联</span>部分,从中获知不同结节的定义、表现和良恶性的辨别标准。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q8.itc.cn/images01/20240522/acd1a990ee0a425b96d121203d7e43bf.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PART03、甲状腺结节的<span style="color: black;">归类</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>报告上,还会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>甲状腺TI-RADS<span style="color: black;">归类</span>,对结节性质进行恶性<span style="color: black;">危害</span>分层,用以<span style="color: black;">指点</span>和规范甲状腺结节的诊断和管理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TI-RADS 1类</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">表率</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>结节,<span style="color: black;">没</span>需处理结节<span style="color: black;">关联</span>问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TI-RADS 2类</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此类结节属于良性范畴,比较多见,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>表现为椭圆形,边界清楚,形态规则,<span style="color: black;">平常</span>于:甲状腺胶质囊肿或结节性甲状腺肿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">处理<span style="color: black;">意见</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结节较小且<span style="color: black;">没</span>症状,<span style="color: black;">定时</span>复查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结节过大<span style="color: black;">引起</span>压迫症状或<span style="color: black;">显现</span>影响美容问题时:①囊性结节——可在超声引导下进行囊液抽吸及化学消融。②囊实性结节——可<span style="color: black;">选取</span>外科手术治疗,或经活检确认结节为良性时进行超声引导下热消融减瘤或灭瘤术。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TI-RADS 3类</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此类结节良性可能≥98%,恶性概率<2%。<span style="color: black;">平常</span>于:结节性甲状腺肿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">处理<span style="color: black;">意见</span>:<span style="color: black;">意见</span>6个月到一年复查一次。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>结节过大<span style="color: black;">引起</span>压迫症状或<span style="color: black;">显现</span>影响美容问题时,活检证实为良性的前提下,参考2类结节的处理原则。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TI-RADS 4类</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4A:低度可疑恶性:恶性率2%-10%</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">处理<span style="color: black;">意见</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①结节最大径>15mm, <span style="color: black;">意见</span>超声引导下行穿刺活检;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②多灶性结节,或紧邻甲状腺被膜、气管、喉返神经,结节最大径>10mm时可<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>在超声引导下行穿刺活检;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③最大径≤10mm的单灶结节,不紧邻甲状腺被膜、气管或喉返神经,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>随访;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>结节过大<span style="color: black;">引起</span>压迫症状或<span style="color: black;">显现</span>影响美容问题,在活检证实为良性的前提下,参考2类结节的处理<span style="color: black;">意见</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4B:中度可疑恶性:恶性率10%-50%</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">处理<span style="color: black;">意见</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①结节最大径>10mm, <span style="color: black;">意见</span>在超声引导下行穿刺活检;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②多灶性结节,或紧邻甲状腺被膜、气管、喉返神经,结节最大径>5mm时可<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>在超声引导下行穿刺活检;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③最大径≤10mm的单灶结节,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>结节不紧邻被膜、气管或喉返神经,在<span style="color: black;">病人</span>充分知情同意的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>积极监控策略。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4C:高度可疑恶性:恶性率50%-90%,诊断为甲状腺癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">处理<span style="color: black;">意见</span>:处理<span style="color: black;">意见</span>同4B类结节。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TI-RADS 5类</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">高度提示恶性,恶性率>90%,诊断为甲状腺癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">处理<span style="color: black;">意见</span>:处理<span style="color: black;">意见</span>同4B类结节。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TI-RADS 6类</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">病理证实为恶性肿瘤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">处理<span style="color: black;">意见</span>:<span style="color: black;">按照</span>不同的结节<span style="color: black;">体积</span>和<span style="color: black;">病人</span>意愿,可<span style="color: black;">选取</span>外科手术、热消融治疗或积极监控等不同的处理策略。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,如体检报告中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>甲状腺结节,不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>过度担心,大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>都是良性结节,但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不要置之<span style="color: black;">不睬</span>。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>多认识与理解专业术语的含义,结合<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的专业诊断与<span style="color: black;">意见</span>,<span style="color: black;">定时</span>随访,能更好地预防和治疗甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人的健康。<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛:http://www.fok120.com/</span>,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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在遇到你之前,我对人世间是否有真正的圣人是怀疑的。 “BS”(鄙视的缩写)
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