1fy07h 发表于 2024-8-20 21:37:00

茶叶审评的基本知识


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">茶叶审评</span><span style="color: black;">的基本<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>茶叶感官<span style="color: black;">评估</span>的概念,它<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>审评人员用感官器官来鉴别茶叶品质的过程。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q5.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240613/57609dc4826f440cac1519e0206137c6.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">即<span style="color: black;">根据</span>国家标准规定的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,审评者运用正常的视觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉的辨别能力,参照实物样或实践经验,对茶叶<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的外形、汤色、香气、滋味与叶底等因子进行审评,从而达到鉴定茶叶品质的目的。 </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从食品感官<span style="color: black;">评估</span>的<span style="color: black;">方向</span>出发,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为:分析型的感官<span style="color: black;">评估</span>与<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>型的感官<span style="color: black;">评估</span>两种。分析型感官<span style="color: black;">评估</span>是按感觉<span style="color: black;">归类</span>逐项进行评分或描述,它与食品的理化性质有密切的关系。而<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>型感官<span style="color: black;">评估</span>则是<span style="color: black;">按照</span>个人的<span style="color: black;">兴趣</span>进行<span style="color: black;">评估</span>,与个人<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>、<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>习惯、生理健康等<span style="color: black;">情况</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本篇茶叶审评<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的内容,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是茶叶的分析型感官<span style="color: black;">评估</span>。 </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">茶叶感官<span style="color: black;">评估</span>的基本<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>分三点<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>明。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>点,茶叶感官<span style="color: black;">评估</span>中对茶叶审评室环境<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。审评室环境<span style="color: black;">需求</span>干净整洁,空气清新流通,光线充足,装修宜素雅,面积不<span style="color: black;">少于</span>10㎡,最好15㎡以上。自然光线足、明亮,强度为700到1000lux。灯光,可<span style="color: black;">运用</span>人造光,但不宜五颜六色的光线,气温<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>在15到27度<span style="color: black;">上下</span>,相对湿度不高于70%,环境噪音不超过50db。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第二点,茶叶感官<span style="color: black;">评估</span>中对茶叶审评室布局的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,</span><span style="color: black;">干评台</span><span style="color: black;">高900毫米,宽600到700毫米。台面漆黑色,<span style="color: black;">需求</span>平整干净、防烫。长短视<span style="color: black;">平常</span>工作量而定,布局在前。湿评台高800毫米,宽450到550毫米。台面漆白色,<span style="color: black;">需求</span>平整、光洁、防漏。<span style="color: black;">部署</span>在干平台之后。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q4.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240613/f173bd750630415daaee57c420afec5a.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第三点,茶叶感官<span style="color: black;">评估</span>中对茶叶审评设备用具的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。专业</span><span style="color: black;">审评盘</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">包含</span>干茶审评和叶底审评盘。干茶审评盘是审评茶叶外形用的,规格多为230×230</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">×30毫米。黑色木底盘则是用于精制茶叶审评,规格为100</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">×100</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">×20毫米。专业审评杯碗<span style="color: black;">通常</span>采用符合国际<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>标准的专用白瓷标准杯碗。精制茶</span><span style="color: black;">审评杯</span><span style="color: black;">的容量<span style="color: black;">通常</span>为150毫升,高度65毫米,杯柄有锯齿形缺口,杯盖有一小孔,便于出水和滤汤。审评碗为高度52毫米,内径86毫米,容积为200到250毫升。</span></span></span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q1.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240613/4c2548dbbded4486926450f338fc8443.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">介绍完审评工作的基本<span style="color: black;">需求</span>后,接下来是茶叶感官审评的基本程序。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>步,茶叶</span><span style="color: black;">扦样</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">扦样,又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>取样、抽样、采样,是从一批茶叶中扦取能<span style="color: black;">表率</span>本批茶叶品质的最低数据的样茶的过程。扦样<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>准确,能否具<span style="color: black;">表率</span>性,是<span style="color: black;">保准</span>审评检验结果准确与否的首要关键。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第二步,审评用水的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">评茶用水的软硬、清浊对茶叶品质影响<span style="color: black;">极重</span>,尤其对色泽、香气和滋味的影响更盛。水的种类<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,<span style="color: black;">各样</span>水因溶解的物质不一,对泡出茶汤品质的影响<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>。<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>:一,最基本的是要符合饮用水卫生标准国际5749<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。二,审评工<span style="color: black;">功效</span>水,最好<span style="color: black;">选择</span>与平时泡茶用水相近的水质。三,同一批茶的审评用水要一致。四,评茶用水的温度为100℃。五,审评报告单上需注明审评用水<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第三步,<span style="color: black;">把握</span>茶叶感官<span style="color: black;">评估</span>程序与<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">程序上感官审评分为干茶审评和开汤审评,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>先干评外形,再湿评内,做到内外兼评。在干评外形方面,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>从茶叶的造型风格、色泽、嫩度、整碎、净度这五个方面综合进行辨别。在湿评内质方面,则又<span style="color: black;">根据</span>看汤色、嗅香气、尝滋味、评叶底的<span style="color: black;">次序</span>进行。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(资料<span style="color: black;">源自</span>:茶艺师联盟)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">编者注:</span></strong></p>
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