什么是甲状腺结节?有哪些害处?怎么样筛查?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">近年来,甲状腺结节<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>居民<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的健康问题之一,2015年,在中国十城市甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>流行病学调查中,其中有15,008名居民接受调查,甲状腺结节总患病率为12.6%。<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>每十人中就有一人<span style="color: black;">身患</span>甲状腺结节。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-3c6eeabc780cea77f7c37ff92d3c90bf_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>什么是甲状腺结节?它有什么<span style="color: black;">害处</span>?我该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>去筛查?有了甲状腺结节又该怎么办?<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>这篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>能给你带来<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">什么是甲状腺结节?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺结节<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>甲状腺细胞在局部<span style="color: black;">反常</span>生长所<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的散在病变,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>结节的性质不同,甲状腺结节分为良性结节和恶性结节,<span style="color: black;">相关</span>甲状腺结节的<span style="color: black;">归类</span>可参考下图。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-ce209b7566b5936974cbdbfd3bc43566_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺结节有<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">害处</span>?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">良性的甲状腺结节<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生活质量和预后<span style="color: black;">无</span>太大影响,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>当结节<span style="color: black;">连续</span>增大压迫<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织神经时,便会产生<span style="color: black;">有些</span>症状,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>:声音嘶哑、发音困难、吞咽困难或<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>恶性甲状腺结节,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,它<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会像其他肿瘤<span style="color: black;">同样</span>转移浸润,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>超过90%的恶性结节在经外科手术和131I治疗后,都可<span style="color: black;">得到</span>很好的预后,其5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率达97%,10年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率达96%,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>低危的恶性甲状腺结节,5年和10年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">达到</span>近100%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,在当前医疗<span style="color: black;">前提</span>下,绝大部分甲状腺结节的预后是相对比较好的。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-02b9121726fed4d80e94f5bbf483829b_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那些</span>人群容易患甲状腺结节呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>uptodate临床顾问的循证医学证据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,在<span style="color: black;">通常</span>人群中,有以下<span style="color: black;">原因</span>的人群患甲状腺结节的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>会更高:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">●吸烟,尤其是在轻度缺碘地区。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">●<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>和代谢<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">●饮酒与甲状腺增大<span style="color: black;">相关</span>,尤其是女性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">●胰岛素样生长因子1(insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF-1)水平–与男性甲状腺结节<span style="color: black;">相关</span>,与男性和女性的甲状腺肿<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">●子宫肌瘤–一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,子宫肌瘤女性<span style="color: black;">出现</span>甲状腺结节的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>是子宫正常者的2倍。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那些</span>人群是甲状腺恶性结节高危人群?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>国内外甲状腺结节指南与专家共识,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>患甲状腺结节的人群,有以下<span style="color: black;">原因</span>的人群甲状腺结节恶性的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>会更高:</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-92aa3a4048a5cfeffaadf7e93f34cc50_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺结节该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>筛查?</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-e8b8ef52bb63f2a8cae264fcdcdea387_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>:<span style="color: black;">评定</span>甲状腺结节的首选<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,可确定结节的<span style="color: black;">体积</span>、数量、位置、质地(实性或囊性)、形状、边界、包膜、钙化、血供和<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织的关系等,并对结节进行初步的鉴别。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Tips:<span style="color: black;">大众</span>到医院进行甲状腺结节筛查,可<span style="color: black;">选取</span>内分泌科、普外科或全科医学科门诊就诊预约。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">是所有人都要进行甲状腺超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>吗?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在2016版国际的甲状腺结节管理指南中:不<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>普通人群、甲状腺触诊正常<span style="color: black;">同期</span>甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>低<span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群的筛查手段;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>适用以下人群;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">l 甲状腺恶性肿瘤高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">l 可触及的甲状腺结节或肿大</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">l 颈部淋巴结肿大提示恶性病变</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>随着社会经济的发展,人们的生活习惯<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了很大的变化,肿瘤的发病率越来越高,并且<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人患肿瘤的人数<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">提升</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>发病率高达12.6%的甲状腺结节来讲,笔者在<span style="color: black;">这儿</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>健康<span style="color: black;">认识</span>较强的人群都应进行一次甲状腺结节的超声筛查。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-49f66503d3ab388ae932a4f968e82e0d_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">查出甲状腺结节我该怎么办?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)<span style="color: black;">知道</span>结节性质,<span style="color: black;">评定</span>甲状腺功能</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>甲状腺超声结果及血清TSH水平,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>会对甲状腺结节的性质和功能进行初步判断,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>超声<span style="color: black;">没</span>法判断结节性质的,则会进行进一步的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>去<span style="color: black;">知道</span>性质,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>:甲状腺细针穿刺抽吸活检(FNAB)、甲状腺造影等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)正确对待<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,不要焦虑</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>任何症状的良性的结节,只需<span style="color: black;">定时</span>随访<span style="color: black;">就可</span>,如在后续随访过程<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>结节变大<span style="color: black;">显现</span>症状或性质改变,则再进行进一步的处理;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对于恶性的结节或有压迫症状的良性结节,则应听从<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>,进行外科手术和131I治疗,都可<span style="color: black;">得到</span>很好的预后。</p>
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