中国甲状腺癌人数忽然飙升，都数是女性，为么？怎么办?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/hyLg0JhXWqtHVgJGCF97NmAC5WcxjZhHZA0ggLO0NZYzLLDzI8kvO9Le5juSicYEfT2C2ZicroiaGkWKxvfDHrqYw/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqt0BdduEp0lPgG2UB8hkfBumibIkM1LCvLRwEibSBbOV7iaCya6HiaQu9dHoOnOm2cSiakVx2M3AibjQKXQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Everything About Thyroid</strong><span style="color: black;">这两天，某网络女歌手得甲状腺癌的<span style="color: black;">信息</span>冲上热搜，受到<span style="color: black;">大众</span>关注。<span style="color: black;">首要</span>想说的是，热搜词条说她得了 “甲状腺癌晚期” <span style="color: black;">不足</span>准确，从她手术就能<span style="color: black;">恢复</span>来看，应该<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">那样</span>恶性，谈不上晚期。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我最关注的一点，是她手术后嗓子发音受伤，但<span style="color: black;">无</span>怨天尤人，而是找专家，<span style="color: black;">保持</span>科学<span style="color: black;">办法</span>和训练，<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">奋斗</span><span style="color: black;">最后</span>恢复了嗓音，这让人钦佩，是遇到<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>和挫折后很积极的<span style="color: black;">调节</span>！祝福她<span style="color: black;">将来</span>越来越好！</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqsnDSNNkCLwibpPp0C1DmyDrwfibiboyjIqm91Krhv4aUV4KXsG6170Phkqtn7PXSTQCocFSNGqibmkWQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;">图源网络</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">撰文 ｜ 菠萝</span></strong></p><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">1</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">中国女性癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>越来越多。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">下图是中国女性2000年到2014年的癌症发病率变化曲线。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>看出，女性最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的三个<span style="color: black;">重点</span>癌种：</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">乳腺癌</strong></span><span style="color: black;">、</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">肺癌</strong></span><span style="color: black;">和</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">结直肠癌</strong></span><span style="color: black;">，不仅发病率较高，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>都还在<span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">提升</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但真正增长最突兀，看起来最恐怖的，是那条红色的线！</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲状腺癌！</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/7LCAk2Wwgp36I3ECH98F5BAuT5FibqdWyveVAQxt7cCR3WWItqTMgYr999nrqMtZ92K5qp07qmJ0ibib78JaZkqeA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺癌在中国曾经是很少见的。但从2000年<span style="color: black;">起始</span>，甲状腺癌的发病率<span style="color: black;">忽然</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>飙升，每年以平均20%<span style="color: black;">上下</span>的速度增长，<span style="color: black;">作为</span>增速最快的恶性肿瘤。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>什么<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲状腺癌偏爱女性，<span style="color: black;">危害</span>是男性的3倍。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">到底<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了什么事，让中国的甲状腺癌人数大幅<span style="color: black;">增多</span>呢？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>补碘过度？海鲜吃多了？还是受到了不明辐射？针对这个问题，社会上有<span style="color: black;">各样</span>各样的理论和猜测。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>，到<span style="color: black;">日前</span>为止，还并<span style="color: black;">无</span>让科学界信服的证据，说明中国的甲状腺癌飙升和补碘<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>生活中的辐射密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那到底是<span style="color: black;">为何</span>？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">查来查去，<span style="color: black;">发掘</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">最大的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，是检测仪器进步了！</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">随着高分辨率<span style="color: black;">彩超</span>的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>找到了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>以前绝对<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>不了的微小结节或肿瘤！<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的超声技术能找到<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>1~2毫米的肿块。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这些微小肿瘤到底有多危险？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一个好<span style="color: black;">信息</span>，和一个坏<span style="color: black;">信息</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">好<span style="color: black;">信息</span>是，绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>筛查出来的甲状腺肿瘤恶性程度不高，并不会致命。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">坏<span style="color: black;">信息</span>是，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人并不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>这一点，甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">作为</span>了<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>过度诊断、过度治疗最严重的癌症类型之一。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">癌症 “过度诊断”，就是<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了<span style="color: black;">并不</span>会恶化，<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>很缓慢，并不会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>临床症状和死亡的肿瘤。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">2</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span>澄清的是，我不是说所有甲状腺癌都不危险，不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>治疗。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span>要明白，甲状腺癌和别的癌症类型<span style="color: black;">同样</span>，并不是一种病，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">而是多种类型的混合体，<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">精细</span>医疗。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">它<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为4种亚型，分别是乳头状癌、滤泡状癌、未分化癌和髓样癌。它们的发病率和危险程度各不相同。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/7LCAk2Wwgp36I3ECH98F5BAuT5FibqdWyBzY95s6BYKtvdhd7cGVpAWMRGOmEjuHe1CuEG4uPxBicicqCgURQL7Wg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一方面，甲状腺癌里有一小部分是恶性程度很高的未分化癌。它们<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>在老年人中，平均<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期不到一年。有些遗传性的髓样癌，预后<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不太好。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">幸运的是，<span style="color: black;">近期</span>甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了<span style="color: black;">有些</span>新药，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>针对携带RET基因突变的髓样癌，新的RET靶向药（Pralsetinib和Selpercatinib）展现了不错的疗效。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>这些恶性肿瘤，<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">警觉</span>，该治就得治。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但另一方面， 甲状腺癌中最多的是乳头状癌，它<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>在<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人中，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是恶性程度最低，<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>最高的亚型。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">它的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率高到什么程度呢？高到不谈5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率，而是谈20年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率！甲状腺的乳头状癌的20年的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率超过了90%！<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是微小乳头状癌，<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率几乎是100%。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">如此高的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率，实在很难和<span style="color: black;">大众</span>平时谈之色变的 “癌症” 俩字联系起来。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>非要我猜的话，热搜上的女歌手<span style="color: black;">便是</span>这一类，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>她的粉丝<span style="color: black;">不消</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span>担心，我对她恢复健康<span style="color: black;">特别有</span><span style="color: black;">自信心</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">总之，<span style="color: black;">说到</span>甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>危险，<span style="color: black;">不可</span>一概而论，要看<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>而定。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>说甲状腺癌有过度诊断和过度治疗问题？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>体检查出来，数量疯狂<span style="color: black;">增多</span>的，几乎全都是乳头状癌，<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">都数</span>都是个头很小！</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>技术的进步，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>把这些小的甲状腺癌筛了出来，但</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>要把甲状腺切除呢？<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>还要做后续放化疗呢？</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>！</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者解剖了因其它<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>去世的老年人，<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>其实<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>甲状腺都有微小乳头状癌，但<span style="color: black;">一生</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>恶化，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>影响生活。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>筛查出来的是微小乳头状癌，不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要立刻处理，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>观察。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">毕竟，甲状腺不是盲肠，还是有<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>生理功能的，切除后可能会影响生活质量，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>永久甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>、终身服药，声音受损等。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">3</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺癌的过度筛查并不是中国特有的。这件事其实在几乎所有的发达国家都<span style="color: black;">出现</span>过，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>美国、欧洲、日本等等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">据估计，发达国家有50万以上的甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>是过度诊断，并且接受了不必要的手术和抗癌治疗！</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但最严重的国家之一，是韩国。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">自从90年代韩国<span style="color: black;">起始</span>用超声筛查甲状腺癌，结果<span style="color: black;">病人</span>数量在短短的10年内<span style="color: black;">大涨</span>了15倍！和中国<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>几乎一模<span style="color: black;">同样</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">没</span>数韩国人被切掉甲状腺，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>做了放射性碘-131等更重的治疗。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">但<span style="color: black;">经过</span>跟踪，<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>筛查出来的<span style="color: black;">那样</span>多甲状腺癌，绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>本身就不要命。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/7LCAk2Wwgp36I3ECH98F5BAuT5FibqdWywNs9MwU0nFahKSN0uL9UyetiabhuyZ2BPMnicq4sP8t1l3TKGibU7vVmg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2016年《新英格兰医学杂志》<span style="color: black;">发布</span><span style="color: black;">文案</span>，指出</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">韩国<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中90%，美国<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的70%~80%，都是被过度诊断和治疗了。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">最新论文<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>中国过度诊断<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很<span style="color: black;">显著</span>，最多的城市是上海和杭州。经济越发达，越容易过度诊断和治疗。</span><span style="color: black;">（扩展阅读：</span><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">权威杂志最新<span style="color: black;">报告</span>：上海、杭州甲状腺癌发病率“遥遥领先</span></a>”，过度诊断比例有多高？<span style="color: black;">）</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>这些教训，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>美国的甲状腺协会官方<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>：<span style="color: black;">少于</span>1cm的乳头状癌一律不<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>过度治疗，而是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>积极观察，<span style="color: black;">定时</span>复查来监控。<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span>并<span style="color: black;">无</span>证据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>小的乳头状癌采取手术切除或其它治疗方式，能<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我并不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>女歌手的<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>，不敢妄加评判。<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许她的肿瘤很大，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许亚型<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>，看起来有危险，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>进行了积极治疗，这<span style="color: black;">没</span>可厚非。<span style="color: black;">做为</span>科普，我想表达的是，<span style="color: black;">大众</span>不要查出“甲状腺癌”就恐慌，并不是所有人都<span style="color: black;">必须</span>立刻手术，尤其是微小乳头状癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">癌症筛查<span style="color: black;">必须</span>找到一个平衡。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一方面，筛查确实很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，早治疗，早治愈。但另一方面，<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>筛查出来的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">或</span>结节其实是非常惰性的，<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>避免<span style="color: black;">大众</span>接受不必要的激进治疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">专家</span>在<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>更好地区分：“<span style="color: black;">必要</span>立刻处理” 的恶性甲状腺癌，和 “<span style="color: black;">并不</span>用担心” 的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肿瘤。等成熟的时候，应该就有<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>人能<span style="color: black;">安心</span>地观察了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>并不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>处理所有肿瘤，只<span style="color: black;">必须</span>处理可能致命的肿瘤！</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">祝<span style="color: black;">大众</span>都建康！致敬生命！</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqvcJ1rnuqUU6hdURBnHtW4K3e2efvF9rXsUZeJFnnESrGlaV2To4m0BicdYpIdXKe2ZHiboKVluKuTw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></a></p><span style="color: black;">点击查看：</span><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺结节切与不切，看蛋白组</span></a>学<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>辅助判别<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">参考文献：</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">1. Worldwide Thyroid-Cancer Epidemic? TheIncreasing Impact of Overdiagnosis. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:614-617</span><span style="color: black;">2. The Thyroid Cancer Epidemic, 2017Perspective. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2017 Oct; 24(5): 332–336.</span><span style="color: black;">3. Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer inthe United States, 1973–2002. JAMA. 2006;295(18):2164–2167</span><span style="color: black;">4. South Korea’s Thyroid-Cancer“Epidemic’–Turning the Tide. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(24):2389–2390.</span><span style="color: black;">5. Trends in Thyroid Cancer Incidence andMortality in the United States, 1974–2013. JAMA. 2017;317(13):1338–1348.</span><span style="color: black;">6. Screening for Thyroid Cancer: US PreventiveServices Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA;317(18):1882–1887.</span><span style="color: black;">7. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2019/07/02/yu-wang-china-is-failing-to-tackle-overdiagnosis/</span><span style="color: black;">本文原载于《菠萝因子》，《西湖欧米》获权转载。</span><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/hyLg0JhXWqvPmYpayzo8GueBiaP9psKP4uNttunXfFJYB4YbpYURrf0R5Q3exeqWm7Woic9O8EC1RkOVrTEpD6sQ/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></a><a style="color: black;">蒙娜丽莎的微笑：是开心，还是<span style="color: black;">患病</span>了？</a>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;">初识，它还不叫甲状腺</a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;">“对付” 甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>：从中医草药，到AI<span style="color: black;">精细</span>诊断</a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;">免疫系统 “暴打” 自己人？原来你患的是这种<span style="color: black;">没</span>法治愈的病</a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;">辉煌、衰落、质疑与正名：甲状腺与碘的 “爱恨情仇”</a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">阿瓜历险记 ｜ <span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有时光机，你想回到几岁？</span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大熊猫：我</span></a>懒惰，我躺平，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>我<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>有问题（不是脑子）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">当甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>和<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span><span style="color: black;">阻碍</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>叠buff｜世界<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>日</span></a></p><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">黄韬教授：回顾历史，看清 “甲状腺癌过度诊疗” 真相</span></a><a style="color: black;">在吗？苏轼@你：怕你生气，为你写诗</a><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">xdm，拿破仑时代 “白痴病” 的解药，就在你家厨房</span></a><a style="color: black;">甲状腺<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>，你可能更秃</a>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">……</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/b96CibCt70iaajvl7fD4ZCicMcjhXMp1v6UdfBHhz6AicLVYXLUOTemzDQt6br57ia4yiaVlZ4d3iakdMwRMNlzdX4iazA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近年，甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>发病率快速<span style="color: black;">提升</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">每5个人中，就可能有1个人有甲状腺结节</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>已<span style="color: black;">作为</span>一个</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不可<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>的<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>公共卫生问题</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">西湖欧米推出<a style="color: black;">《甲状腺科普》专栏</a></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科普<span style="color: black;">关联</span>生理医学知识</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">拨开诊断治疗层层迷雾</span></p><span style="color: black;">和你<span style="color: black;">一块</span> 关注甲状腺 <span style="color: black;">保护</span>生命“腺”</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/hyLg0JhXWqsdDXsPu53ISU6hLB977m6XiabXd4uP7K86Ysv2H4vRWJQ1WcyUpLPwnPxxQiaNfFESOhdTgxj8uY8Q/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqubl8DKnE1BmNX3ScCCrINpas5iaIpVBy1MWrtAXnuEBfZtQialWh0DQxM5rYxFxjlZc3tZXQTjZZZw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqubl8DKnE1BmNX3ScCCrINpHBzls22Y1tyiczeBx1O8fpWVrmRIHAX182ssibKQatLFYHTyZibu7viaCA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqsdDXsPu53ISU6hLB977m6XJWdbiclibeWSHUhhO0rD1YbKjqro6jc2kkiciccwS82aesVkNMZNM3XjKA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqsdDXsPu53ISU6hLB977m6XcomhKeYsKqkXZibSu6MichIO0PeY2CnTKJl5XkjXOXZK9EUbKUnPbaUQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqsdDXsPu53ISU6hLB977m6XbaicAQe8QTzDP1JFcHzSCKfryjbibFzXiaCZ7AP6ZlElQyKsny1mViaFAg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqsdDXsPu53ISU6hLB977m6X4yTicPdGCbflgQX5RktmyzDVRIrT5icfRl6oOdLUpTDzcG9AibboEMoEg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqsdDXsPu53ISU6hLB977m6XAvyiavfh8bBqE98xG5fN9lxHTdn8DeZbQvKB0ibb932w1iauu2b7ibLn2w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqsdDXsPu53ISU6hLB977m6XnFmEic9icxAN55M6Mk6u8vKWFEL82zZkjTd7eaXs6QJYUybFC11rsibicg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqsdDXsPu53ISU6hLB977m6XEQaPfbzknwiafbfKwMsmR0Efe8qYwQzowUe8HcUxjxPFZHaTC9ugvow/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqsdDXsPu53ISU6hLB977m6XKAYkXw4icqu6qQC7icMDHH4kicPVLGzXKziacdD6HYicNtFic1t5ETc2DEIw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqsdDXsPu53ISU6hLB977m6X211XtDuCqqQKF0QATJ2ujZkN4YT05V5iaTXgxywPcOakopOsxSA2GFQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqsdDXsPu53ISU6hLB977m6XnS5RzbkDQvbzWz94MaG0xetvPT1I42h1TibDPT0rk7lLGFPIgVA428g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hyLg0JhXWqsdDXsPu53ISU6hLB977m6XEhAIzsicDReFMetaoNALot13SicglcXSa3UDYlwibS8IEGPiaXuXth74Ig/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/hyLg0JhXWqsdDXsPu53ISU6hLB977m6X9iaIWX61Mg2Ds1mVa7SsibVib88I9hqClGrVMGl3eEjd7B2ibVXwBVUsHw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">点击阅读原文，<span style="color: black;">拜访</span>西湖欧米官网。</span></strong>
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