这般吃还能影响寿命,你吃对了吗?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《中国居民膳食指南(2022)》强调<span style="color: black;">食品</span>多样,<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>搭配。<span style="color: black;">食品</span>多样是平衡膳食的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>,<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>搭配是平衡膳食的<span style="color: black;">保证</span>,不同类别<span style="color: black;">食品</span>中含有的营养素和其他有益<span style="color: black;">成份</span>的种类和数量不同。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Part 1:<span style="color: black;">食品</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>寿命的影响</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>模型,来<span style="color: black;">科研</span>不同的<span style="color: black;">食品</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>搭配对寿命产生的影响。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">按照</span> Meta 分析和<span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">包袱</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>数据,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>生命表<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来估计预期寿命随<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>、蔬菜、全谷物、精制谷物、坚果、豆类、鱼类、鸡蛋、牛奶/乳制品、红肉、加工肉类和含糖饮料摄入量的变化<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,<span style="color: black;">研发</span>了一个决策支持模型,并制作成在线<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的 Food4HealthyLife 计算器,从而预测<span style="color: black;">食品</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>对预期寿命的影响。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q3.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240522/cef4a56e58494eb2b25acaa64125cb83.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>提出了三种膳食模式——<strong style="color: blue;">典型西方膳食、优化膳食和可行性膳食。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240522/4905980dda704c5b8ec82e6debba282e.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">表1 三种膳食模式各类<span style="color: black;">食品</span>每日摄入量(g)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>对<span style="color: black;">食品</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>的优化,该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>中国居民:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从 20岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>将典型西方膳食改为优化膳食,女性的预期寿命将<span style="color: black;">增多</span> 10.6 年,男性<span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>,长达 12.9 年;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从 40岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>改变,女性预期寿命<span style="color: black;">增多</span> 10.2 年,男性<span style="color: black;">增多</span> 12.0年;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从 60岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>改变,女性预期寿命<span style="color: black;">增多</span> 8.6 年,男性<span style="color: black;">增多</span> 9.3 年;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">即使从 80岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>改变,男女预期寿命<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span> 3 年以上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q8.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240522/6bf4ae0602394dcd9e39c160a08a9f75.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">表2 我国不同年龄人群优化膳食模式所<span style="color: black;">增多</span>的预期寿命年数(年)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果告诉<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>,从小养成健康的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span><span style="color: black;">行径</span>和生活方式至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>,尽早改善膳食模式、<span style="color: black;">选取</span>合适的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>搭配,对健康的益处<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会更大。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>是在假定前提下对群体进行的预期寿命估计,并不适用于个体预测。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,该<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>受到<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>的局限,<span style="color: black;">例如</span> Meta 分析中鸡蛋、白肉和油对健康效果的不确定,<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>和<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>的个体差异,医疗<span style="color: black;">将来</span>发展的不确定性以及生活方式的改变等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q4.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240522/5719ca896f3f493d9dd5821fc932164b.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总的<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,对于<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>典型西方膳食习惯的人<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,任何年龄段的<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性优化膳食都可能带来巨大的健康效益,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>在生命<span style="color: black;">初期</span>就<span style="color: black;">起始</span>改变,则获益最大。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,经常吃豆类、全谷物和坚果,少吃红肉和加工肉,持之以恒,<span style="color: black;">保持</span>健康的膳食模式,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>更好地延年益寿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Part 2:中国人<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>做到最优<span style="color: black;">食品</span>搭配?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《中国居民膳食指南2022》给出<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">每日</span>的膳食<span style="color: black;">包含</span>谷薯类,蔬菜<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>、畜禽鱼蛋奶和豆类<span style="color: black;">食品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">平均<span style="color: black;">每日</span>摄入12种以上<span style="color: black;">食品</span>,每周25种以上,<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>搭配。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">每日</span>摄入谷类<span style="color: black;">食品</span> 200~300g,其中<span style="color: black;">包括</span>全谷物和杂豆类 50~150g;薯类 50~100g;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240522/19845e8f944c46328f756bade4a74f50.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">蔬菜类 300~500g;<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>类 200~350g;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">动物性<span style="color: black;">食品</span> 120~200g 其中<span style="color: black;">包括</span>每周<span style="color: black;">最少</span> 2 次水<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,<span style="color: black;">每日</span>一个鸡蛋;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">奶及奶制品 300~500g;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大豆及坚果类 25~35g。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">你<span style="color: black;">每日</span>都吃够这些<span style="color: black;">食品</span>了吗?欢迎到评论区留言。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考文献:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Fadnes LT, Økland JM, Haaland ØA, Johansson KA. Estimating impact of food choices on life expectancy: A modeling study. PLoS Med. 2022 Feb 8;19(2):e1003889. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003889. PMID: 35134067; PMCID: PMC8824353.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南2022.北京:人民卫生出版社,2022.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">END</strong></span></p>
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