得了甲状腺癌,切除了就万事大吉嘛?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">手术结束,很顺利,肿瘤<span style="color: black;">亦</span>都切除了,有些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>会觉得万事大吉了,抗癌大业圆满成功!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的想法是不正确的。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-d6d5fa435069a464779772c6317e772f_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>在手术时<span style="color: black;">已然</span>采取了最好的切除<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,来降低甲状腺癌术后复发的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,但甲状腺癌病人极高的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率还得益于术后的进一步治疗。<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有以下两种方式:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1)TSH(促甲状腺激素)<span style="color: black;">控制</span>治疗:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TSH<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>腺垂体分泌的激素,负责甲状腺激素的合成与分泌,调节甲状腺细胞的增殖以及甲状腺血液供应。<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,在甲状腺癌病理状态下,TSH能够促进癌复发,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>TSH的水平至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">口服优甲乐(左甲状腺素钠片)是有效<span style="color: black;">控制</span>TSH水平的一大法宝。<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,甲状腺部分或<span style="color: black;">所有</span>切除术后的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,为了预防甲状腺肿复发,应该终生服药。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">优甲乐应于早餐前1小时(空腹),将一天的剂量一次性(用半杯水)送服,指南<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>的口服每日剂量为150-300 μg。当然,<span style="color: black;">到底</span>应该口服多少剂量的优甲乐,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>综合考量病人TSH的水平、病人的复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span>以及服药后副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的严重程度。 </p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-be0d62432abb590d56f9c17c6be82da9_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">口服的剂量<span style="color: black;">不可</span>随意更改,<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>口服超过医嘱剂量的优甲乐,会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>一系列的副作用,如甲亢、心血管<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、骨质疏松等。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,当察觉身体有不适症状时,<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>与<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>沟通,由<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>判断<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>与用药<span style="color: black;">相关</span>以及<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">调节</span>口服剂量。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总之,吃多少剂量的优甲乐<span style="color: black;">必须</span>听<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的话,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>自己随意更改,提前配好药,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>等到没药吃的时候才想起来去配药。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2)放射性碘131(131I)治疗:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">该治疗是降低甲状腺癌术后复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的第二件法宝。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">分化良好的甲状腺癌细胞<span style="color: black;">保存</span>了正常甲状腺细胞摄取碘的功能,放射性碘131能被甲状腺癌细胞摄取,并发出β射线杀伤甲状腺癌细胞。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,放射性碘131治疗<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用来清除手术<span style="color: black;">没</span>法彻底切除的残留甲状腺(癌)组织/细胞。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>采用该治疗方式以及用多少放射剂量,仍然与病人的复发危险的<span style="color: black;">体积</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-5e981526154d7522ccc00c342d11d88b_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">据《甲状腺癌诊疗规范(2018年版)》,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span>比较低的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,不<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>行碘131治疗;复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span>中等的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>;<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span>较高的话,<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span><span style="color: black;">举荐</span>碘131治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>中、低危病人,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>采用30 mCi的治疗剂量以清除残留的甲状腺组织。而<span style="color: black;">针对</span>高危病人,则<span style="color: black;">必须</span>100-200 mCi的治疗剂量以清除可能残留的甲状腺癌组织(<span style="color: black;">实质</span>临床<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>个体差异有所不同)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">值得<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,在进行碘131治疗前3-4周,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>停服优甲乐,低碘<span style="color: black;">膳食</span><span style="color: black;">最少</span>2周,颈部切口愈合良好,血清TSH<span style="color: black;">上升</span>超过30 mU/L。妊娠期或哺乳期<span style="color: black;">女性</span>则<span style="color: black;">不可</span>接受碘131治疗,且接受碘131治疗后半年内<span style="color: black;">不可</span>怀孕。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-2917f4103282c7a20e5ac3b5ccc7a111_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">另一方面,碘131<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一种放射性<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,其副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>较为<span style="color: black;">平常</span>,<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的不良反应<span style="color: black;">包含</span>恶心、呕吐、颈部<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、口干等,这些不良反应<span style="color: black;">通常</span>在服药后几小时<span style="color: black;">出现</span>,<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间不会超过<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">不消</span>过于担心~</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>手术治疗,术后TSH<span style="color: black;">控制</span>治疗以及放射性碘治疗,甲状腺癌病人的术后复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span>被大幅度降低,抗癌大业即将迎来胜利的曙光。迈向曙光的最后一段路程是术后复查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">术后复查的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>目的是监控TSH<span style="color: black;">控制</span>治疗的效果,<span style="color: black;">调节</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症复发、转移等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">首次甲状腺功能复查<span style="color: black;">通常</span>在术后2-4周,目的是<span style="color: black;">调节</span>优甲乐的服药剂量,每次<span style="color: black;">调节</span>剂量后应在4-6周复查一次。待激素水<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>定后3-6个月复查一次<span style="color: black;">就可</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>激素水平不稳定、常有不适<span style="color: black;">或</span>经常漏服错服,就<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>复查的频率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">检测</span>的<span style="color: black;">一般</span>项目是TSH、T3、T4、FT3、FT4以及Tg、TgAb。<span style="color: black;">定时</span>复查<span style="color: black;">同期</span>有助于<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>复发的肿瘤和转移,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">注意</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-ff62e33837a7e46d3b9969400b4dc2a6_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>,还<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>复查颈部超声等其他<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了治疗和复查,生活上我要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>些什么呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">出院<span style="color: black;">或</span>后期门诊复查时,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>常常会问:“<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>,我<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>能吃什么,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>吃什么,有什么需要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的呢?”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>方面,有的病人会纠结<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>避免吃海鲜<span style="color: black;">或</span>加碘盐等含碘物质。其实,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>还<span style="color: black;">无</span>证据<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,术后碘摄入会<span style="color: black;">升高</span>甲状腺癌的复发<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就说<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>忌口的,想吃就吃,不想吃就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>不吃。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,在生活上病人<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>规律作息,避免过度<span style="color: black;">疲劳</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲状腺切除术后可能会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>手脚抽搐的症状,这可能是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>术中将甲状旁腺(甲状旁腺非常小并且附着在甲状腺背面或埋在其中)一并切除后<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>的低钙血症,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>术后可能还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>补钙。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>,女性甲状腺癌切除术后<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,在怀孕/哺乳时,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>摄入碘,这<span style="color: black;">针对</span>胎儿和新生儿的神经系统<span style="color: black;">生长</span>至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>,可能会影响<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>的智力水平。</p>
感谢楼主分享,祝愿外链论坛越办越好! “板凳”(第三个回帖的人) 感谢你的精彩评论,为我的思绪打开了新的窗口。
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