nqkk58 发表于 2024-8-23 17:18:28

从几百到几亿美元,各类无人机已遍布战场,中国该怎么样应对?


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">【军武次位面】作者:乐乐</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">始于80年代,真正兴盛不到20年的军用无人机,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>在乌克兰战场上爆发出非比寻常的战斗力。从战争<span style="color: black;">初期</span>乌克兰<span style="color: black;">运用</span>TB-2袭击俄罗斯后勤车队,再到俄罗斯成建制“小摩托”轰炸乌克兰后方,还有美国MQ-9在黑海上空盘旋<span style="color: black;">监测</span>,以及<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>双方FPV无人机混乱,都在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度上改变战场格局。中国在军用无人机<span style="color: black;">行业</span>发展<span style="color: black;">火速</span>,反无人机<span style="color: black;">亦</span>颇有建树,但面对来势汹汹的无人机大潮,<span style="color: black;">到底</span>能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>应对自如呢?</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-axegupay5k/caa816da77194ed382c598f260054395~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1724937628&amp;x-signature=oaRHfFD0%2F4mnMAnm68QiFbirNK8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">▲国内发展军用无人机的速度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不慢</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">现<span style="color: black;">有没有</span>人机型号、应用虽然<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>,但大体<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为四类:以美制MQ-4/9为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的战略/大型无人机,其滞空时间长、飞行高度高,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>执行侦察、<span style="color: black;">监测</span>任务,造价达几千万<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>上亿美元;以翼龙-2、TB-2为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的中型察打一体无人机,作战范围小一点,但<span style="color: black;">通常</span>载有小型制导武器,价格几百万美元;以伊朗Shahed-136为典型的<span style="color: black;">自s</span>性无人机,特点是一次性<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,价格在几万到几十万美元不等;由一线部队操作的单兵/车载小型FPV无人机,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>执行侦察、攻击、校对等<span style="color: black;">各样</span>任务,但范围很小,价格<span style="color: black;">亦</span>最低。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/15c50fb77b404a0a84ca6f0ef7b917c8~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1724937628&amp;x-signature=%2FevAAiCVsacpZJzJ2LSnDlP7dAE%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">▲MQ-4C是美军无人机装备序列里的顶尖型号</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">现有战略/大型无人机<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>设计不<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>,战斗机/中远程防空系统均有能力拦截,像伊朗<span style="color: black;">运用</span>“霍尔达德-3”击落美国海军MQ-4C,俄罗斯苏-30抛洒燃油“击落”美军MQ-9(实战中<span style="color: black;">便是</span>空空导弹了),都是很典型的例子。国内不缺乏类似制空装备,外军战略/大型无人机在周围活动,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>有局限。<span style="color: black;">独一</span>让人担心的是,这一<span style="color: black;">行业</span>无人机发展<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>高速、隐身化,<span style="color: black;">将来</span>反制难度相当大,国内还需早做准备。中型察打无人机现<span style="color: black;">周期</span>和<span style="color: black;">将来</span>,都属于比较典型的“扫地”装备,很容易被对手<span style="color: black;">各样</span>防空武器威胁。像乌克兰战前引进的土耳其TB-2,短短几个月就消耗殆尽。中国出口沙特的“彩虹”、“翼龙”无人机,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>经常被<span style="color: black;">亦</span>门胡赛武装击落。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/695d87c09f414700b06d1d98a7549583~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1724937628&amp;x-signature=pXtghqDY4jVvKZ749kIG4koRxms%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">▲被击落的沙特彩虹-4</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">自s</span>性无人机的拦截难度<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">提升</span>,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>其<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一次性远程武器,漏网的威胁很大。像前年秋季俄罗斯刚<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>Shahed-136时,乌克兰一度束手无策,以至于后方停电、停网、停水<span style="color: black;">作为</span>常态,军工生产大受影响。后面乌克兰反过来<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">自s</span>性无人机,袭击俄罗斯腹地炼油厂,<span style="color: black;">一样</span>让俄罗斯非常头疼。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>,对一线士兵<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,如蜂群般密集的FPV无人机才是最大威胁,这些简易无人机不仅能攻击<span style="color: black;">包含</span>坦克在内的各型载具,还是堑壕中士兵的天敌。像俄罗斯装甲部队为了防御无人机,<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>为扫雷坦克套上“盔甲”,在T-72<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上改造电子战坦克,但<span style="color: black;">日前</span>都收效甚微。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/84bf3fbddeb348c5b5e58e1322e055ed~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1724937628&amp;x-signature=G5vWECcQg0kfEWS2CPC1v3w5SAI%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">▲让人大开眼界的俄军“电子战坦克”</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总的<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,<span style="color: black;">自s</span>性和FPV无人机虽然单机性能最低,但数量<span style="color: black;">亦</span>最大,拦截<span style="color: black;">需要</span>最旺盛。国内对反制前者比较有把握,这<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">自s</span>性无人机体型相对大<span style="color: black;">有些</span>,很容易被<span style="color: black;">自动</span>高射火炮雷达<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>。高炮拦截的效费比很高,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不存在防空导弹制造难度大、储存成本高的问题。事实上,从俄乌双方拦截<span style="color: black;">自s</span>性无人机的成功经验来看,<span style="color: black;">无</span>比<span style="color: black;">自动</span>高炮更合适的装备了,当然前提是<span style="color: black;">必定</span>有搜索雷达,简易自瞄高炮/高射机枪的效率要低<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>。从理论上<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,<span style="color: black;">自动</span>高炮<span style="color: black;">一样</span>适合拦截FPV无人机,但<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上并<span style="color: black;">不易</span>。这一方面是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>FPV无人机更加灵活,<span style="color: black;">不易</span>被<span style="color: black;">捉捕</span>,另一方面<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">自动</span>高炮在一线<span style="color: black;">安排</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>偏大。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/add75db4927e4d0892374415dfde52cf~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1724937628&amp;x-signature=wakyqBGMSJkt0n1uzaM6dByD3u0%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">▲<span style="color: black;">自动</span>高炮拦截无人机的效果很不错</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">就现<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,高射机枪是比较有效的反FPV无人机武器,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>美国才会在对乌克兰援助中,特意准备配有全套瞄具的型号,但电子干扰确是大势所趋。毕竟高射机枪是被动对抗,而有效的电子干扰却是成区域主动反击。国内虽然推出了“寂静狩猎者”激光反无人机武器,并且在沙特斩获战果,但受到的限制比<span style="color: black;">很强</span>,真正成熟还需时日,不及电子干扰可用性高。而罕为人知的是,国内民用市场上,就有不少基于ESM侦测发展的反无人机套件,一旦需要随时能改出量产的制式型号。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/242504b3bd3946049aefe795bf54fb9e~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1724937628&amp;x-signature=NvFSmsFutrfRYlBJKtS9LtQ3H1M%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">▲航展上的“625E”</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总的<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,得益于这些年对中远程和末端防空<span style="color: black;">注重</span>,以及电子产业的发展,国产反无人机体系的软硬件<span style="color: black;">贮存</span>,还是比较充沛的。尽管<span style="color: black;">短期</span>内不可能拿到战场检验,但随着无人机大规模军用的序幕拉开,成建制出口<span style="color: black;">亦</span>只是时间问题。</p>




1fy07h 发表于 2024-10-3 04:37:58

交流如星光璀璨,点亮思想夜空。

m5k1umn 发表于 2024-10-12 07:49:30

你说得对,我们一起加油,未来可期。

qzmjef 发表于 2024-10-28 04:06:33

感谢你的精彩评论,带给我新的思考角度。

1fy07h 发表于 2024-11-13 06:57:56

真情实感,其含义为认真了、走心了的意思,是如今的饭圈常用语。
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