标准|120个供应链服务术语
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/Qm9ug4z6yCvyRn0BwFP4x1fYAngiclTiaMw499ibV1n6CWKxMibgsJ203TyicsSC0P11rZ6fKND2iajQWVzkqQibCGZ4A/640?wx_fmt=other&from=appmsg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;">近年来,供应链已<span style="color: black;">导致</span>高度<span style="color: black;">注重</span>,被<span style="color: black;">说到</span>国家高度。2016年《政府工作报告》中首次提出要“重塑产业链、供应链、价值链”。</span><span style="color: black;">2017年8月,商务部办公厅、财政部办公厅发布《关于开展供应链体系建设工作的<span style="color: black;">通告</span>》。同年10月13日,国务院办公厅发布了《关于积极推进供应链创新与应用的<span style="color: black;">指点</span>意见》。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2017年10月1日实施的《</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">百姓</span>经济行业<span style="color: black;">归类</span></span><span style="color: black;">》(GB/T 4754-2017)正式将供应链管理服务纳入<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>经济行业细则中,被归入L门类72大类商务服务业722中类7224小类,这是行业发展的重要里程碑。</span></span><span style="color: black;">为统一和规范供应链服务术语,深圳市<span style="color: black;">相关</span><span style="color: black;">分部</span>*组织制定了深圳市标准化<span style="color: black;">指点</span>性技术文件《供应链服务术语》(编号:SZDB/Z 295-2018),自2018年4月1日起实施。</span><span style="color: black;">标准中,定义或摘录了120个供应链服务专业术语,如下。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3.供应链服务<span style="color: black;">基本</span>术语</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3.1 供应链 supply chain</span></strong><span style="color: black;">生产及流<span style="color: black;">经过</span>程中,围绕核心企业,将所<span style="color: black;">触及</span>的原材料供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商直到<span style="color: black;">最后</span>用户等成员<span style="color: black;">经过</span>上游和或下游成员链接所形成的网链结构。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3.2 供应链服务 supply chain service</span></strong><span style="color: black;">一家组织承接另一家组织服务业务外包,并对其供应链的商流、物流、信息流和资金流进行整合和优化,从而形成一种创新性一体化<span style="color: black;">商场</span>服务。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3.3 供应链管理 supply chain management(SCM)</span></strong><span style="color: black;">全面规划供应链中的商流、物流、资金流及信息流等,并进行计划、组织、协调与<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的<span style="color: black;">各样</span>活动和过程。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3.4 商流 business process</span></strong><span style="color: black;">指供应链中组织与组织<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的商务过程。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3.5 物流 logistics</span></strong><span style="color: black;">物品从供应地向接受地的实体流动过程。<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span>需要,将运输、存储、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机的结合。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3.6 资金流 fund flow</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">伴同</span>供应链中商务活动而<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的资金和票据往来的流动过程。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3.7 信息流 information flow</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">伴同</span>供应链中的商流、物流、资金流而产生的信息的流动过程。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.供应链服务商流术语</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.1采购术语</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.1.1 采购 procurement</span></strong><span style="color: black;">指企业在<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">要求</span>下从供应商处获取<span style="color: black;">制品</span>或服务<span style="color: black;">做为</span>企业资源的经营活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.1.2 采购执行 procurement fulfillment</span></strong><span style="color: black;">向客户指定的供应商采购指定的货物,并围绕采购管理<span style="color: black;">供给</span>从接单、采购到检验的<span style="color: black;">全部</span>过程中<span style="color: black;">触及</span>的通关、结算、物流、信息、融资等一系列服务。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.1.3 供应商 supplier</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">制品</span>或服务的<span style="color: black;">供给</span>者,市场上所有卖方的通<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.1.4 供应商认证 supplier certification</span></strong><span style="color: black;">由第三方对供应商的资质、能力、<span style="color: black;">制品</span>或服务达到规定<span style="color: black;">需求</span>给出书面<span style="color: black;">保准</span>的程序。这些<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>成本、质量、配送服务、<span style="color: black;">守护</span>、安全、ISO 质量和环保认证等。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.2<span style="color: black;">营销</span>术语</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.2.1 分销 distribution</span></strong><span style="color: black;">将<span style="color: black;">制品</span>从生产者,<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>的<span style="color: black;">途径</span>,<span style="color: black;">营销</span>到客户的过程。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.2.2 分销商 distributor</span></strong><span style="color: black;">指专门从事商品从生产者转移到零售商或消费者的活动的人员和<span style="color: black;">公司</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.2.3 零售商 retailer</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">持有</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>所有权并将其<span style="color: black;">营销</span>给<span style="color: black;">最后</span>用户的企业。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.2.4 营销<span style="color: black;">途径</span> marketing channel</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">制品</span>或服务转移所经过的路径,由参与<span style="color: black;">制品</span>或服务转移活动以使<span style="color: black;">制品</span>或服务便于<span style="color: black;">运用</span>或消费的所有组织<span style="color: black;">形成</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.2.5 分销<span style="color: black;">途径</span> distribution channel</span></strong><span style="color: black;">企业将产成品从供应商送达<span style="color: black;">最后</span>顾客的过程,<span style="color: black;">触及</span>所有权转移的所有企业的集合。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.2.6 拉动分销 pull distribution</span></strong><span style="color: black;">在供应链上,用户的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>信息从零售商反馈到分销商再反馈到制造商而<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>的<span style="color: black;">营销</span>活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.2.7 推动分销 push distribution</span></strong><span style="color: black;">供应链上游制造企业,在<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">需要</span>信息的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">营销</span><span style="color: black;">途径</span>向下游企业推动式<span style="color: black;">营销</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>的活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.2.8 品牌推广 brand promotion</span></strong><span style="color: black;">企业塑造<span style="color: black;">自己</span>及<span style="color: black;">制品</span>品牌形象,使广大消费者广泛认同的系列活动和过程。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.2.9 终端 sales terminal</span></strong><span style="color: black;">指市场<span style="color: black;">营销</span>的最后一环。<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是与消费者直接接触的终端店铺。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.2.10 授权<span style="color: black;">营销</span> authorized sale</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">途径</span>节点依据<span style="color: black;">营销</span>授权进行的营销<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.2.11 深度分销管理 depth distribution management</span></strong><span style="color: black;">指<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>乡镇等深级分销地区网点数量并扩大分销商品种类,为客户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>更加<span style="color: black;">有效</span>、<span style="color: black;">方便</span>的分销<span style="color: black;">途径</span>的管理活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.2.12 <span style="color: black;">营销</span>执行 sales fulfillment</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">根据</span>客户的营销目的和分销体系的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,围绕分销管理,执行货物在分<span style="color: black;">途径</span><span style="color: black;">营销</span>与配送过程中的<span style="color: black;">途径</span>管理、品牌推广、市场营销等一系列服务。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.2.13 供应商营销 supplier marketing</span></strong><span style="color: black;">与上游供应商<span style="color: black;">创立</span>起良好的协作关系,在获取供应成本<span style="color: black;">优良</span>的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,与供应商<span style="color: black;">创立</span>互动、互利、平等的<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>战略合作伙伴关系的一系列活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.2.14 供应商<span style="color: black;">研发</span> supplier development</span></strong><span style="color: black;">采购组织为<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>供应商<span style="color: black;">加强</span>运营绩效和供应能力以适应<span style="color: black;">自己</span>的采购<span style="color: black;">需要</span>而采取的一系列活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.3其他商流术语</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.3.1 外包 outsourcing</span></strong><span style="color: black;">安排<span style="color: black;">外边</span>组织执行组织的部分职能或过程的活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.3.2 保险业务 insurance business</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>收取客户<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">花费</span>,为客户承担在服务过程中潜在损失的业务活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.3.3 供应商关系管理 supplier relationship management (SRM)</span></strong><span style="color: black;">一种致力于实现与供应商<span style="color: black;">创立</span>和维持<span style="color: black;">很久</span>、紧密合作伙伴关系,旨在改善企业与供应商之间关系的管理模式。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">4.3.4 客户关系管理 </span><span style="color: black;">customer relationship management</span><span style="color: black;"> (CRM)</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">是遵循客户导向战略,利用现代信息技术,实现客户信息的搜集、跟踪和分析、客户联系<span style="color: black;">途径</span>的拓展的管理模式。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.3.5 客户关系<span style="color: black;">守护</span>与拓展 customer relationship maintaining and expanding</span></strong><span style="color: black;">企业为了达到经营目的,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>互动保持与旧客户<span style="color: black;">创立</span>的联系以及与新客户<span style="color: black;">创立</span>新联系的过程。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.供应链服务物流术语</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.1生产术语</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">5.1.1 </span><span style="color: black;">原始设备制造商</span><span style="color: black;">original equipment manufacturer (OEM)</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">承接<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>方<span style="color: black;">制品</span>或(和)<span style="color: black;">制品</span>配件的加工任务的制造商。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.1.2 虚拟生产 virtual production</span></strong><span style="color: black;">企业利用计算机技术和互联网技术以及<span style="color: black;">自己</span>资源整合<span style="color: black;">优良</span>来对客户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>做出快速反应,按客户<span style="color: black;">需求</span>定制<span style="color: black;">区别</span>种类、任意批量的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,而<span style="color: black;">实质</span>的生产过程<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>给其他合作代工企业完成的生产模式。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.1.3 <span style="color: black;">拜托</span>加工 consigned processing</span></strong><span style="color: black;">由<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>方<span style="color: black;">供给</span>原料和<span style="color: black;">重点</span>材料,<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">拜托</span>方<span style="color: black;">需求</span>加工货物并收取加工费的经营活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.1.4 合约制造 contract manufacturing</span></strong><span style="color: black;">企业与制造商<span style="color: black;">签定</span>合同,由制造商生产<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>交给企业进行<span style="color: black;">营销</span>的一种合作形式。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.1.5 定制化组装 customized assembly</span></strong><span style="color: black;">将模块化的零部件<span style="color: black;">根据</span>客户订单进行组合装配形成定制化<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的过程。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.1.6 按订单设计 engineer to order (ETO)</span></strong><span style="color: black;">接到客户订单后按客户的订单<span style="color: black;">需求</span>进行<span style="color: black;">制品</span>设计和组织生产的方式,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>适用于<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>结构或个性化<span style="color: black;">需求</span>较高的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的生产。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.1.7 即时化生产just in time manufacturing (JIT)</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>有效运用看板管理等多种方式和手段,消除<span style="color: black;">各样</span>无效劳动和浪费,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>在必要的时间和地点生产出必要数量和质量的必需<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,从而实现以最少的投入得到最大产出的目的的一种生产模式和综合管理体系。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">5.1.8</span><span style="color: black;">延迟策略</span><span style="color: black;"> postponement strategy</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">为了降低供应链的整体<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,有效满足客户个性化的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>,将最后的生产环节或物流环节推迟到客户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>订单以后进行的一种经营战略。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.1.9 品质<span style="color: black;">检测</span> quality inspection</span></strong><span style="color: black;">采用特定<span style="color: black;">办法</span>对<span style="color: black;">制品</span>品质进行检验的过程。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.1.10 生产和物料<span style="color: black;">掌控</span> production and material control</span></strong><span style="color: black;">对生产的计划与生产进度,物料的计划、跟踪、收发、存储和<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,以及<span style="color: black;">呆板</span>料的预防处理等方面的监督与管理。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.2仓储术语</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.2.1 入库管理 inbound management</span></strong><span style="color: black;">在物品进入仓库前所进行的卸货、查点、验收、办理入库手续等各项业务的管理活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.2.2 出库管理 outbound management</span></strong><span style="color: black;">指在物品运出仓库前所进行的订单处理、分拣、组配、包装、办理出库手续等各项业务的管理活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.2.3 智能仓储 intelligent warehousing</span></strong><span style="color: black;">一种利用信息化技术和先进管理手段,实现入库、出库、盘库、移库管理的信息自动抓取、识别、预警及智能管理功能的仓储管理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.2.4 供应商管理库存 vendor managed inventory (VMI)</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">根据</span>双方达成的协议,由供应链上游企业<span style="color: black;">按照</span>下游企业的物料<span style="color: black;">需要</span>计划、<span style="color: black;">营销</span>信息和库存量,主动对下游企业的库存进行管理和<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的库存管理方式。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.2.5 库存<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>设计 inventory controlling design</span></strong><span style="color: black;">一种<span style="color: black;">按照</span>客户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>,为其<span style="color: black;">供给</span>库存物品的管理和<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>,使其库存水平保持经济<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的<span style="color: black;">方法</span>设计活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">5.2.6 <span style="color: black;">连续</span>补货计划 continuous replenishment planning (</span><span style="color: black;">CRP</span><span style="color: black;">)</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">利用技术准确的<span style="color: black;">营销</span>时点信息确定已<span style="color: black;">营销</span>的商品数量,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>零售商或批发商的库存信息和预先规定的库存<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>程序确定发货<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>数量和配送时间的计划<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.2.7 协同规划、预测和补给 collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR)</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为协同计划、预测及补货。<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">一起</span>管理业务过程和共享信息来改善零售商和供应商的伙伴关系,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>预测的准确度,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>实现既降低供应商库存,有<span style="color: black;">增多</span>零售商<span style="color: black;">营销</span>额的协同式供应链库存管理技术。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.3运输及配送术语</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.3.1 门对门运输服务 door to door service</span></strong><span style="color: black;">运输经营人由发货人的工厂或仓库接受货物,负责将货物运到收货人的工厂或仓库交付的一种运输服务方式,在这种交付方式下,货物的交接形态都是整体交接。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.3.2 中转运输 transfer transportation</span></strong><span style="color: black;">物品由发运地到接收地,<span style="color: black;">半途</span>经过<span style="color: black;">最少</span>一次落地并换装的运输。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.3.3 多式联运 multimode transport</span></strong><span style="color: black;">联运经营者受托运人、收货人或旅客的<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>,为<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>人实现两种或两种以上运输方式的全程运输,</span><span style="color: black;">以及<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>运输物流辅助服务的活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.3.4 国际运输 international transport</span></strong><span style="color: black;">货物的出发地、约定的经停地和目的地之一不在同一国境内的运输。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.3.5 配送<span style="color: black;">方法</span>设计 distribution design</span></strong><span style="color: black;">一种<span style="color: black;">按照</span>客户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>,为其<span style="color: black;">供给</span>货物的配送方式、路径、网络设计的优化<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>,以<span style="color: black;">提高</span>配送效率的<span style="color: black;">方法</span>设计活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.3.6 仓配一体化服务 integration of warehousing and distribution</span></strong><span style="color: black;">为客户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的一站式仓储配送服务,旨在<span style="color: black;">处理</span>卖家货物配备(集货、加工、分货、拣选、配货、包装等)和组织对客户的送货。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.3.7 船舶代理 shipping agency</span></strong><span style="color: black;">接受船舶所有人<span style="color: black;">或</span>船舶承租人、船舶经营人的<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>,在授权范围内<span style="color: black;">表率</span><span style="color: black;">拜托</span>人办理船舶进出港与船舶在港等<span style="color: black;">相关</span>业务的活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.3.8 货运代理 freight forwarding agency</span></strong><span style="color: black;">企业接受进出口货物的收货人、发货人或其代理人的<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>,以<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>人或企业<span style="color: black;">自己</span>名义办理货物运输及相关业务的活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.4进出口物流术语</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">5.4.1 报关 </span><span style="color: black;">customs declaration</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">进出境运输工具的负责人、进出境货物的所有人、进出口货物的收发货人或其代理人向海关办理运输工具、货物、物品进出境手续的全过程。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.4.2 清关 clearance</span></strong><span style="color: black;">报关单位<span style="color: black;">已然</span>在海关办理完毕进出口货物通关的所有必须的手续,完全履行了法律规定的与进出口<span style="color: black;">相关</span>的义务、<span style="color: black;">包含</span>纳税、提交许可证及其他单证等,进口货物<span style="color: black;">能够</span>进入国内市场自由流通,出口货物可运出境外。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.4.3 退税 tax rebate</span></strong><span style="color: black;">国家按规定对纳税人已纳税款进行退还,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是为了鼓励纳税人扩大某种经济活动而给予的税款退还。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.4.4 报关代理 customs declaration agency</span></strong><span style="color: black;">进出境运输工具的负责人、进出口货物的所有人、进出口货物的收发货人<span style="color: black;">经过</span>其代理人,在<span style="color: black;">经过</span>海关监管口岸时,依法向海关申报并办理<span style="color: black;">相关</span>进出口手续的活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.4.5 外汇结算服务 foreign exchange payment</span></strong><span style="color: black;">用国外货币为客户完成国际结算的服务。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.4.6 进出口文件代理 import and export documents agency</span></strong><span style="color: black;">代理人受进出境运输工具的负责人、进出口货物的所有人、进出口货物的收发货人的<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>,在<span style="color: black;">经过</span>海关监管口岸时,<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>其准备报关单、发票、装箱单等全套报关文件的业务活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.4.7 保税区 bonded area</span></strong><span style="color: black;">在境内的港口或邻近港口、国际机场等地区<span style="color: black;">创立</span>的在区内进行加工、贸易、仓储和展览由海关监管的特殊区域。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.4.8 保税仓库 bonded warehouse</span></strong><span style="color: black;">经海关核准的专门存放保税货物及其他未办结海关手续货物的仓库。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.4.9 海外仓 overseas warehouse</span></strong><span style="color: black;">企业在境外自建或租用的仓库。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.4.10 保税物流中心 bonded logistics center</span></strong><span style="color: black;">经海关<span style="color: black;">准许</span>,由境内企业法人经营、专门从事保税仓储物流业务的海关监管场所。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.4.11 保税物流 bonded logistics</span></strong><span style="color: black;">保税业务经营者经海关<span style="color: black;">准许</span>将货物在税收保全状态下从供应地到<span style="color: black;">需要</span>地的有效流动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.4.12 保税集货 bonded goods collection</span></strong><span style="color: black;">在税收保全状态下完将分散的或小批量的物品集中起来,以便进行运输和配送的作业活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.4.13 进出口贸易代理 import and export trade agent</span></strong><span style="color: black;">受客户<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>,以<span style="color: black;">机构</span>名义代理进行进出口合同<span style="color: black;">签定</span>、报关以及外汇等活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.4.14 跨境电商服务 cross-border electronic commerce service</span></strong><span style="color: black;">为客户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>电子商务交易平台实现<span style="color: black;">区别</span>关境的交易主体间的贸易往来,并<span style="color: black;">供给</span>辅助支付结算,跨境物流送达等一系列配套服务。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.5其他物流术语</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.5.1 分销物流 distribution logistics</span></strong><span style="color: black;">企业在分销过程中所<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的物流活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.5.2 电子商务物流 e-commerce logistics</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>服务于电子商务的各类物流活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.5.3 逆向物流 reverse logistics</span></strong><span style="color: black;">与传统供应链反向,为价值恢复或处置<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>而对原材料、中间库存或<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>实施的从消费地到<span style="color: black;">初始</span>点的物流活动过程。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.5.4 一体化物流服务 integrated logistics service</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>客户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>,整合物流多个功能要素<span style="color: black;">或</span>多个业务环节所形成的一站式物流服务。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5.5.5 增值物流服务 value-added logistics service</span></strong><span style="color: black;">在完成物流基本功能的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>客户<span style="color: black;">需要</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>的<span style="color: black;">各样</span>延伸业务活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.供应链服务资金流术语</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.1 资金管理 capital management</span></strong><span style="color: black;">运用金融工具、电子支付工具等手段,<span style="color: black;">供给</span>供应链环节中的资金优化、贸易结算、资金<span style="color: black;">危害</span>管理等服务。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.2 赊销 sell on credit</span></strong><span style="color: black;">以信用为<span style="color: black;">基本</span>,卖方与买方<span style="color: black;">签定</span>购货协议后,买方取走货物并<span style="color: black;">根据</span>协议在规定日期内付款的活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.3 货款垫付 advanced payment for goods</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>客户信用<span style="color: black;">状况</span>垫付代收货物的部分或<span style="color: black;">所有</span>货款,以缓解客户资金压力的经营活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.4 关税垫付 advanced payment for tariff</span></strong><span style="color: black;">报关代理人将客户的进出口货物关税先行垫付给海关,待货物申报完成后再向客户进行关税<span style="color: black;">花费</span>结算的经营活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.5 国际贸易结算 international trade settlements</span></strong><span style="color: black;">国际贸易中为了结清买卖之间债权债务关系的货款外汇结算活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.6 资金<span style="color: black;">危害</span>管理 capital risk management</span></strong><span style="color: black;">对客户的资金运作过程中存在<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>进行识别、度量和分析<span style="color: black;">评估</span>,并适时采取有效<span style="color: black;">办法</span>进行防范和<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的管理,<span style="color: black;">保准</span>其资金安全管理活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.7 电子支付工具 electronic payment tool</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>网络路径进行货币支付或资金流转的载体,其<span style="color: black;">包含</span>电子现金、电子钱包、电子支票和智能卡等。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.8 支付信用体系 payment credit system</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>企业或个人支付<span style="color: black;">行径</span>的信用评分所<span style="color: black;">创立</span>起来的一种信用<span style="color: black;">评估</span>体系。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.9 物流金融 logistics finance</span></strong><span style="color: black;">面向物流运营全过程,应用<span style="color: black;">各样</span>金融<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,实施物流、资金流、信息流的有效整合,组织和调节供应链运作过程中货币资金的运动,从而<span style="color: black;">加强</span>资金运行效率的一系列经营活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.10 存货质押融资 inventory financing</span></strong><span style="color: black;">需要融资的企业(即借方),将其<span style="color: black;">持有</span>的存货做质物,向资金<span style="color: black;">供给</span>企业(即贷方)出质,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>将质物转交给<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>合法保管存货资格的物流企业(<span style="color: black;">中间商</span>方)进行保管,以<span style="color: black;">得到</span>贷方贷款的业务活动,是物流企业参与下的动产质押业务。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.11 保理 factoring</span></strong><span style="color: black;">贸易中以托收、赊销方式结算贷款时,卖方为了规避收款<span style="color: black;">危害</span>而采用的一种请求第三者(保理商)承担<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的一种综合金融服务方式,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>资金融通、买方资信<span style="color: black;">评定</span>、<span style="color: black;">营销</span>账户管理、信用<span style="color: black;">危害</span>担保、账款催收等一系列服务。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.12 仓单质押融资 warehouse receipt financing</span></strong><span style="color: black;">出质人以仓库保管人出具给存货人的仓单为质物,向质权人申请贷款的业务,保管人对仓单的真实性和<span style="color: black;">独一</span>性负责,是物流企业参与下的权利质押业务。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.13 供应链金融 supply chain finance</span></strong><span style="color: black;">面向供应链运营全过程,应用<span style="color: black;">各样</span>金融<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,实施商流、物流、资金流、信息流的有效整合,组织和调节供应链运作过程中货币资金的运动,为供应链各节点企业<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的授信、结算、理财等综合金融服务。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.14 应收账款融资 accounts receivable financing</span></strong><span style="color: black;">融资企业为取得运营资金,以卖方与买方<span style="color: black;">签定</span>真实贸易合同产生的应收账款为<span style="color: black;">基本</span>,以合同项下的应收账款<span style="color: black;">做为</span>还款<span style="color: black;">源自</span>的融资业务。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.15 预付款融资 prepayments financing</span></strong><span style="color: black;">上游企业承诺回购的前提下,由第三方物流企业<span style="color: black;">供给</span>信用担保,融资企业以金融<span style="color: black;">公司</span>指定仓库的既定仓单向银行等金融<span style="color: black;">公司</span>申请质押贷款来缓解预付货款压力,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>由金融<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>其提货权的融资业务。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.16 战略关系融资 strategic relationship financing</span></strong><span style="color: black;">企业基于相互之间的战略伙伴关系和<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>合作产生的信任而进行的融资,战略融资<span style="color: black;">通常</span>无质押物。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.17 设备融资租赁 equipment financial leasing</span></strong><span style="color: black;">出租人<span style="color: black;">按照</span>承租人对租赁物件的特定<span style="color: black;">需求</span>和对供货人的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>,出资向供货人购买租赁物件,并租给承租人<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,承租人则分期向出租人支付租金,在租赁期内租赁物件的所有权属于出租人所有,承租人<span style="color: black;">持有</span>租赁物件的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>权的一种融资模式。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.18 退税融资 tax rebate financing</span></strong><span style="color: black;">融资企业以其享受符合国家政策规定的退税应收账款<span style="color: black;">做为</span>质押,向金融<span style="color: black;">公司</span>申请贸易项下短期流动资金贷款的一种融资模式。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.19 关税融资 tariff financing</span></strong><span style="color: black;">融资企业以融资所涉货物为质押,向金融<span style="color: black;">公司</span>申请贷款,来缴纳货物的关税、增值税的一种融资模式。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.20 订单融资 order financing</span></strong><span style="color: black;">融资企业凭借信用良好的买方<span style="color: black;">制品</span>订单,向金融<span style="color: black;">公司</span>申请贷款,来购买材料组织生产,并在收到货款后偿还贷款的融资模式。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.21 远期外汇 forward exchange transaction</span></strong><span style="color: black;">交易双方在成交后并不立即办理交割,而是事先约定币种、金额、汇率、交割时间等交易<span style="color: black;">要求</span>,到期才进行<span style="color: black;">实质</span>交割的外汇交易。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6.22 信用证融资 letter of credit financing</span></strong><span style="color: black;">国际贸易中的进口商和出口商基于银行开具的信用证向银行申请贷款的一种融资模式。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">7.供应链服务信息流术语</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">7.1 信息管理服务 information management service</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>信息技术对供应链环节产生的海量数据进行处理,形成有价值的<span style="color: black;">商场</span>信息后<span style="color: black;">供给</span>给客户,从而收取佣金或交易手续费的业务。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">7.2 信息系统 information system</span></strong><span style="color: black;">由计算机硬件、网络和通讯设备、计算机软件、信息资源、信息用户和规章制度<span style="color: black;">构成</span>的以处理信息流为目的的应用系统。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">7.3 供应链信息系统 supply chain information system</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">包括</span>计划管理、订单管理、工程资料管理、物流信息跟踪管理、生产进程管理、资金财务管理、仓库管理、<span style="color: black;">查找</span>管理等多种信息管理功能,可全面支持供应链服务企业针对<span style="color: black;">区别</span>客户的业务类型、业务场景,整合了商流、物流、信息流、资金流的全过程供应链信息化管理系统。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">7.4 订单管理系统 order management system</span></strong><span style="color: black;">对客户下达的订单进行管理与跟踪,动态<span style="color: black;">把握</span>订单的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>与完成<span style="color: black;">状况</span>的信息系统。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">7.5 采购管理系统 purchase management system</span></strong><span style="color: black;">对采购过程中所<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的一系列业务活动如采购订货、进料检验、仓库收料、采购退货、购货发票处理、供应商管理、价格与供货信息等进行管理的信息系统。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">7.6 仓库管理系统 warehouse management system</span></strong><span style="color: black;">对仓库管理过程中所<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的一系列业务活动如入库业务、出库业务、仓库调拨、库存调拨、虚仓管理、批次管理、物料对应和库存盘点等进行管理的信息系统。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">7.7 运输管理系统 transportation management system</span></strong><span style="color: black;">对运输过程中所<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的一系列业务活动如运输任务的订单处理、路线优化、调度配载、运输状态跟踪、车辆信息等进行管理的信息系统。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">7.8 分销管理系统 distribution management system</span></strong><span style="color: black;">对分销过程中的<span style="color: black;">途径</span>结构、成员<span style="color: black;">选取</span>、<span style="color: black;">营销</span>方式、结算方式、储运方式、培训系统、促销手段等进行管理的信息系统。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">7.9 财务管理系统 financing management system</span></strong><span style="color: black;">具备总账管理、财务报表生成、财务预算、所得税计算等功能,实现对财务管理中分析、预测、计划、<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>、监督等各个环节的全面管理的信息管理系统。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.供应链服务综合术语</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.1 <span style="color: black;">途径</span>扁平化 channel flattening</span></strong><span style="color: black;">以企业的利润最大化为<span style="color: black;">目的</span>,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>企业<span style="color: black;">自己</span>的<span style="color: black;">要求</span>,利用<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的管理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>与技术,优化分销<span style="color: black;">途径</span>层级的过程。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.2 供应链增值服务 supply chain value-added service</span></strong><span style="color: black;">在完成供应链服务的基本功能的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>客户<span style="color: black;">需要</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>的<span style="color: black;">各样</span>延伸性服务和优化服务,可为客户带来效率上的<span style="color: black;">提高</span>和或成本的下降。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.3 供应链咨询服务 supply chain consultation service</span></strong><span style="color: black;">以客户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>为导向,为客户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>面向供应链管理或供应链服务的一种咨询活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.4 外贸综合服务 integrated foreign trade service</span></strong><span style="color: black;">为外贸企业<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的物流、报关、融资及外汇等一体化的综合服务。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.5 供应链流程管理 supply chain process management</span></strong><span style="color: black;">受客户合约<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>,对其供应链上下游流程进行优化设计与监督管理的活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.6 供应链战略规划 supply chain strategy design</span></strong><span style="color: black;">分析、<span style="color: black;">评定</span>、定义供应链战略的过程,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>网络设计、制造和运输战略,以及库存策略等。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.7 供应链<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>设计 supply chain solution design</span></strong><span style="color: black;">依托现代供应链管理的经验,<span style="color: black;">根据</span>客户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>,为其<span style="color: black;">供给</span>定制化的商流、物流、资金流、信息流的优化供应链<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.8 供应链合作伙伴关系 supply chain partner relationship</span></strong><span style="color: black;">供应链各节点企业之间的关系,在供应链内部两个或两个以上独立成员之间形成的一种协调关系,以<span style="color: black;">保准</span>实现某个特定的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>或利益。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.9 供应链绩效<span style="color: black;">评估</span> supply chain performance evaluation</span></strong><span style="color: black;">围绕供应链的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>,对供应链整体、各环节(尤其是核心企业运营<span style="color: black;">情况</span>以及各环节之间的运营关系等)所进行的绩效<span style="color: black;">评估</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.10 广度供应链服务 width supply chain service</span></strong><span style="color: black;">以上下游客户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>为核心,构建采购平台、<span style="color: black;">营销</span>平台和物流平台,<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>企业实现从原材料采购到<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">营销</span>的供应链全程运作中的非核心业务外包。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.11 深度供应链服务 depth supply chain service</span></strong><span style="color: black;">供应链服务企业将其<span style="color: black;">把握</span>的自有资源、供应商资源和或客户资源,<span style="color: black;">协同</span>客户的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>做更深入的合作,<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>客户在其原有供应链<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,扩宽供应链的范围,以<span style="color: black;">提高</span>客户业务绩效。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.12 供应链一体化 supply chain integration</span></strong><span style="color: black;">围绕一个核心企业的一种或多种<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,形成供应链上游与下游企业的战略联盟,并实现战略联盟企业间商流、物流、信息流、资金流一体化的运作模式。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.13 供应链<span style="color: black;">商场</span>生态圈 supply chain business ecosphere</span></strong><span style="color: black;">以共享、共赢为宗旨,汇聚多样化组织,构建能力互补的价值网络,实现全链条上关键的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>资源协同发展,跨界融合,从而创造一种动态平衡的<span style="color: black;">商场</span>发展生态,让所有参与者共享生态圈机会和生态圈利润的一种<span style="color: black;">商场</span>模式。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.14 价值链 value chain</span></strong><span style="color: black;">从原材料加工到<span style="color: black;">制品</span>成品到达<span style="color: black;">最后</span>用户手中的过程中,所有<span style="color: black;">增多</span>价值的环节所<span style="color: black;">构成</span>的<span style="color: black;">所有</span>有组织的一系列活动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8.15 价值链管理 value chain management</span></strong><span style="color: black;">对价值链上的各个环节进行计划、组织、协调和<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的活动。</span>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">SCMP认证项目由中国物流与采购联合会组织40多位国内顶级专家精心<span style="color: black;">研发</span>——历时10年打磨、历经两次改版,</span><span style="color: black;">是国内<span style="color: black;">独一</span><span style="color: black;">持有</span>自主知识产权的、符合中国供应链发展<span style="color: black;">实质</span>的供应链管理职业认证项目。</span><span style="color: black;">该项目<span style="color: black;">安身</span>供应链管理职业教育,<span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>贯彻《国务院办公厅关于积极推进供应链创新与应用的<span style="color: black;">指点</span>意见》关于供应链人才培养的<span style="color: black;">安排</span>,<span style="color: black;">保持</span>可<span style="color: black;">连续</span>更新和专业化方向、与国际接轨的原则,为广大企业的采购、物流、运营、计划等与供应链<span style="color: black;">关联</span>岗位的人员<span style="color: black;">供给</span>一套权威的认证知识体系。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">自201</span><span style="color: black;">9年正式推出<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,中物联采购委已为<span style="color: black;">包含</span>中国移动电信、国家电网、华能集团、南方电网、华润集团、通用集团、船舶集团、南方航空、中国中车、厦门建发、厦门国贸、厦门象屿、德国博世集团、埃顿集团、广汽新能源汽车有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>等在内的众多企业员工<span style="color: black;">供给</span>SCMP认证项目培训,且反响良好。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
这夸赞甜到心里,让我感觉温暖无比。 楼主的文章非常有意义,提升了我的知识水平。
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