一个老修理工的恋旧情怀——汽车的化油器和分电器是干什么用的?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/yqVAqoZvDibE0YA2pAZwFjAc3wyiaicuKFyGYMiaoqfowd4uN8oKlgxV337nnUGCoQPjlpm4IOC9TITLTMTAHTibeWw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/tfjFsXVZaQNQApxHIYibtDdwZw3kOcuNKCdrR1Dj0re2Bic2DpEuMhLdVbk23GoTt2vrvdTDkblA0wntrkEkyOaQ/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今天一个网友的提问,勾起了老侯满满的痛苦回忆。他问汽车上有<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>调节空燃比和点火提前角的<span style="color: black;">安装</span>,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的汽车上看不到这些<span style="color: black;">安装</span>,是怎么调节的呢?我告诉他,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的汽车都<span style="color: black;">运用</span>电控燃油喷射技术了,由电脑自动调节了,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>在二十年前的汽车上,这两个<span style="color: black;">安装</span>几乎是发动机上最重要、最有技术含量的<span style="color: black;">安装</span>,<span style="color: black;">那<span style="color: black;">便是</span>汽油发动机的化油器和分电器。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/tfjFsXVZaQPgpjJSZSmrhecRF0djy0vUlMzhHngibyFrIvjPG6nYteYfuGaWNoIlVRGibCpuleaNw4rwaric0e5vw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">想当年,这两个<span style="color: black;">安装</span>狂虐一大批的汽车修理工,多少人穷尽<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>弄明白化油器和分电器的工作原理和调节<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。直到发动机电控燃油喷射系统诞生、普及后,用电脑代替了人脑,才彻底把修理工从深渊中挽救出来。从此以后,发动机的调节与诊断<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>依靠人力,而<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>电脑直接把调节与诊断的结果<span style="color: black;">传送</span>出来给修理工看。这就<span style="color: black;">好似</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>,望、闻、问、切完全<span style="color: black;">不消</span>了,病人来看病,先开一大堆的化验单和电诊<span style="color: black;">检测</span>单,<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>这些参数来确定你的病因和病情,你说这是进步还是退步了呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/tfjFsXVZaQPgpjJSZSmrhecRF0djy0vUR6ow0VKGHNcG16YDjo6sKnAroJ4fDdMxZIHHtkSd68aibjRDProcI5A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的汽车上,能够调节空燃比的<span style="color: black;">安装</span>叫做“化油器”,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>摩托车、油锯、割草机等小型 汽油机上还能看到它。它本质上是一种可把汽油和空气按一定比例混合的<span style="color: black;">安装</span>,在结构上由浮子<span style="color: black;">公司</span>、喷管、量孔、喉管、节气门、空气室、混合室等<span style="color: black;">构成</span>,在功能上分为主供油<span style="color: black;">安装</span>、怠速<span style="color: black;">安装</span>、加速<span style="color: black;">安装</span>、加浓<span style="color: black;">安装</span>、<span style="color: black;">起步</span><span style="color: black;">安装</span>等五大部分。随着对空燃比<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的越来越精确,后期<span style="color: black;">逐步</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>出了更<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的双腔化油器、电控化油器等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/tfjFsXVZaQPgpjJSZSmrhecRF0djy0vUT7tns2AUyqTicJB070SHx8hibpBqdRG31icwWUsaz1nSnuV5wZ3W7Y33Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在当年,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>能够清洗化油器并能精确<span style="color: black;">调节</span>化油器的,才<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“大工”。<span style="color: black;">有些</span>进口车的化油器构造极为<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>,<span style="color: black;">调节</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>非常困难。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>当年的丰田1-RZ发动机,装载在金杯面包车上,这个化油器上面有七八个真空管,插错一个发动机就抖动,加不上速。还有<span style="color: black;">公众</span>的桑塔纳、捷达的发动机,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是化油器的,怠速抖动是非常<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的故障,洗化油器、调怠速是修理工的标准技能。<span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>发动机的化油器调整好了,那汽车的动力真是杠杠的,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>实现“箭<span style="color: black;">通常</span>的加速”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>化油器发动机的经济性和排放都<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>,后期就<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>被淘汰了,取而代之的是电控燃油喷射系统,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>电脑来<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>发动机的喷油量和进气量了,洗化油器、调化油器<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>屠龙之技了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/tfjFsXVZaQPgpjJSZSmrhecRF0djy0vUYQ3z0h3xqPA5ZYzyq9YYic3bxJalhKcF6IZ8VRZpwHLL1znfIYiaDPug/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在汽车上能够<span style="color: black;">调节</span>点火提前角的<span style="color: black;">安装</span>叫做“断电-分电器”,俗<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“分电器”。它的作用是将点火线圈的高压电分配给各个气缸火花塞,再由火花塞点火点燃气缸中的可燃混合气做功。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>发动机在<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的转速下需要<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的点火提前角,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>在分电器上有自动的点火提前角调节<span style="color: black;">安装</span>。<span style="color: black;">通常</span>有两种,一种是离心式调节,一种是真空式调节,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>人工调节,这个技能<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是非常高端的,有经验的修理工<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>发动机的声音和排气判断点火提前角<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>合适。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>这两种调节方式都是非常粗放、简略的,<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">精细</span>的让点火提前角与发动机转速相适应,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>随着电子技术的发展,它们<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">逐步</span>被淘汰了,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的发动机大多采用电子<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的单缸独立点火系统。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/tfjFsXVZaQPgpjJSZSmrhecRF0djy0vUZSQgVD0caWhH8wtl09ZxAS5Ts6VRqicrOlMc9xIuCGgzZNGl8A7XCog/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上<span style="color: black;">便是</span>调节汽车空燃比和点火提前角的两种<span style="color: black;">安装</span>——化油器和分电器。<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>这两种<span style="color: black;">安装</span>都<span style="color: black;">已然</span>淘汰了,能够记忆起这两个<span style="color: black;">安装</span>的人,都是老修理工了。或许,在<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的记忆中,这才是真正的技术。而<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的修理工,<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的是依靠<span style="color: black;">各样</span>电子检测设备来修车,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>失去了这些,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>将茫然无助。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/tfjFsXVZaQPgpjJSZSmrhecRF0djy0vUqGu88uTicYX5ezcqHFwxsk8dT8WpP1br4iciccOwzxN7D1qZHFibyvINeQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
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