全面认识信用证(定义、归类、特点、运用流程及所含单据)
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">思考:在国际贸易的货款结算中,<span style="color: black;">为何</span>绝大部分<span style="color: black;">运用</span>信用证?</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/dfic-imagehandler/cb78892b-1b0c-4737-886f-01f38caedece~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724998063&x-signature=12rFCgtOpsjJn1GEXPSvogLIT8w%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">这里</span>过程中,更趋向于一手交钱,一手交货,实现了双赢。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">卖方的好处:开证行负责给卖方钱,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>做避免了买家不给钱的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">买方的好处:银行<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>在卖方准备好指定单据时,才会付款,而卖方<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>在发货之后<span style="color: black;">才可</span>凑齐单据去换钱,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>做避免了卖家不发货的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">一、信用证定义</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">定义:开证行受申请人(买家)的<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>或指示,开立有<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的承诺付款的书面文件。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">说白了,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>出口商在规<span style="color: black;">定时</span>限内,<span style="color: black;">根据</span>信用证上的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,把单据做好交到银行,银行审核没问题就给钱的一个书面证明。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>信用证的种类</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(一)<span style="color: black;">根据</span>信用证的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>形式划分</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、以信用证项下的汇票<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>附有货运单据划分为:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)<strong style="color: blue;">跟单信用证</strong>(Documentary Credit)是凭跟单汇票或仅凭单据付款的信用证。此处的单据指<span style="color: black;">表率</span>货物所有权的单据(如海运提单等),或证明货物已交运的单据(如铁路运单、航空运单、邮包收据)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)<strong style="color: blue;">光票信用证</strong>(Clean Credit)是凭不随附货运单据的光票(Clean Draft)付款的信用证。银行凭光票信用证付款,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可<span style="color: black;">需求</span>受益人附交<span style="color: black;">有些</span>非货运单据,如发票、垫款<span style="color: black;">名单</span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、以开证行所负的责任为标准<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)<strong style="color: blue;">不可撤销信用证</strong>(Irrevocable L/C)。指信用证一经开出,在有效期内,未经受益人及<span style="color: black;">相关</span>当事人的同意,开证行<span style="color: black;">不可</span>片面修改和撤销,只要受益人<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的单据符合信用证规定,开证行必须履行付款义务。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)<strong style="color: blue;">可撤销信用证</strong>(Revocable L/C)。开证行不必征得受益人或<span style="color: black;">相关</span>当事人同意有权随时撤销的信用证,应在信用证上注明“可撤销”字样。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、<span style="color: black;">有没有</span>另一银行加以<span style="color: black;">保准</span>兑付为依据,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)<strong style="color: blue;">保兑信用证</strong>
</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(Confirmed L/C)。对开证行开出的信用证,由另一银行<span style="color: black;">保准</span>对符合信用证条款规定的单据履行付款义务。对信用证加以保兑的银行,<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为保兑行。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)<strong style="color: blue;">不保兑信用证</strong>(Unconfirmed L/C)。开证行开出的信用证<span style="color: black;">无</span>经另一家银行保兑。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、<span style="color: black;">按照</span>付款时间<span style="color: black;">区别</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)<strong style="color: blue;">即期信用证</strong>(Sight L/C)。指开证行或付款行收到符合信用证条款的跟单汇票或装运单据后,立即履行付款义务的信用证。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)<strong style="color: blue;">远期信用证</strong>(Usance L/C)。指开证行或付款行收到信用证的单据时,在规<span style="color: black;">定时</span>限内履行付款义务的信用证。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)<strong style="color: blue;">假远期信用证</strong>(Usance Credit Payable at Sight)。信用证规定受益人开立远期汇票,由付款行负责贴现,并规定一切利息和<span style="color: black;">花费</span>由开证人承担。这种信用证对受益人来讲,<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上仍属即期收款,在信用证中有“假远期”(usance L/C payable at sight)条款。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、<span style="color: black;">按照</span>受益人对信用证的权利可否转让,可分为:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)<strong style="color: blue;">可转让信用证</strong>(Transferable L/C)。指信用证的受益人(<span style="color: black;">第1</span>受益人)<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>授权付款、承担延期付款责任,承兑或议付的银行(统<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“转让行”),或当信用证是自由议付时,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>信用证中<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>授权的转让银行,将信用证<span style="color: black;">所有</span>或部分转让给一个或数个受益人(第二受益人)<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的信用证。开证行在信用证中要<span style="color: black;">知道</span>注明“可转让”(transferable),且只能转让一次。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)<strong style="color: blue;">不可转让信用证</strong>(Non-transferable Credit)。指受益人<span style="color: black;">不可</span>将信用证的权利转让给他人的信用证。凡信用证中未注明“可转让”,即是不可转让信用证。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6、<strong style="color: blue;">红条款信用证</strong>((Red Clause)。此种信用证可让开证行在收到单证之后,向卖家提前预付一部分款项。这种信用证常用于制造业。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(二)<span style="color: black;">根据</span>信用证<span style="color: black;">功效</span>来分</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、<strong style="color: blue;">循环信用证</strong>
</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(Revolving L/C)</p>指信用证被<span style="color: black;">所有</span>或部分<span style="color: black;">运用</span>后,其金额又恢复到原金额,可再次<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,直至达到规定的次数或规定的总金额为止。它<span style="color: black;">一般</span>在分批均匀交货<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。在按金额循环的信用证<span style="color: black;">要求</span>下,恢复到原金额的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>做法有:
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)自动式循环。每期用完<span style="color: black;">必定</span>金额,不需等待开证行的<span style="color: black;">通告</span>,<span style="color: black;">就可</span>自动恢复到原金额。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)非自动循环。每期用完<span style="color: black;">必定</span>金额后,必须等待开证行<span style="color: black;">通告</span>到达,信用证<span style="color: black;">才可</span>恢复到原金额<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)半自动循环。即每次用完<span style="color: black;">必定</span>金额后若干天内,开证行未提出停止循环<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的<span style="color: black;">通告</span>,自第×天起<span style="color: black;">就可</span>自动恢复至原金额。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、<strong style="color: blue;">对开信用证</strong>
</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(Reciprocal L/C)</p>对两张信用证申请人互以对方为受益人而开立的信用证。两张信用证的金额相等或大体相等,可<span style="color: black;">同期</span>互开,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可先后开立。它多用于易货贸易或来料加工和<span style="color: black;">赔偿</span>贸易业务。
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、<strong style="color: blue;">背对背信用证</strong>
</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(Back to Back L/C)</p>又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>转开信用证,指受益人<span style="color: black;">需求</span>原证的<span style="color: black;">通告</span>行或其他银行以原证为<span style="color: black;">基本</span>,另开一张内容<span style="color: black;">类似</span>的新信用证,对背信用证的开证行只能<span style="color: black;">按照</span>不可撤销信用证来开立。
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对背信用证的开立<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是中间商转售他人货物,或两国<span style="color: black;">不可</span>直接办理进出口贸易时,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>第三者以此种办法来沟通贸易。原信用证的金额(单价)应高于对背信用证的金额(单价),对背信用证的装运期应早于原信用证的规定。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、<strong style="color: blue;">预支信用证/打包信用证</strong>
</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(Anticipatory credit/Packing credit)</p>指开证行授权代付行(<span style="color: black;">通告</span>行)向受益人预付信用证金额的<span style="color: black;">所有</span>或一部分,由开证行<span style="color: black;">保准</span>偿还并<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>利息,即开证行付款在前,受益人交单在后,与远期信用证相反。
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">预支信用证凭出口人的光票付款,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">需求</span>受益人附一份负责补交信用证规定单据的说明书,当货运单据交到后,付款行在付给剩余货款时,将扣除预支货款的利息。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、备用信用证(Standby credit)</p>又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span><span style="color: black;">商场</span>票据信用证(Commercial paper credit)、担保信用证。指开证行根 据开证申请人的请求对受益人开立的承诺承担某项义务的凭证。
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">即开证行<span style="color: black;">保准</span>在开证申请人未能履行其义务时,受益人只要凭备用信用证的规定并提交开证人违约证明,<span style="color: black;">就可</span>取得开证行的偿付。它是银行信用,对受益人<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>是备用于开证人违约时,取得补偿的一种方式。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">综上:为了规避收汇<span style="color: black;">危害</span>和汇率<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>:即期、不可撤销、跟单信用证。</strong></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>信用证的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>流程</h1>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/d29dcb403e4a41f7bee4aff1d6218dc7~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724998063&x-signature=y4kH7PiXIktjaqOLTm3lwo%2BEDeg%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(一)<span style="color: black;">触及</span>人员</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、<strong style="color: blue;">申请人</strong>(买家):applicant</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、<strong style="color: blue;">开证行/付款行</strong>:issuing bank /drawee</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">通告</span>行/议附行</strong>:advicing bank/negotiating bank</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、<strong style="color: blue;">受益人</strong>(卖家):beneficiary</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(二)信用证<span style="color: black;">运用</span>流程</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、买卖双方经过磋商定合同,约定以信用证方式进行结算;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、 买方向开证行递交开证申请书,约定信用证内容,并支付押金或<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">保准</span>人;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、开证行接受开证申请书后,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>申请开立信用证,正本寄给<span style="color: black;">通告</span>行,指示其转递或<span style="color: black;">通告</span>卖方;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、由<span style="color: black;">通告</span>行转递信用证或通知卖方信用证已到。<span style="color: black;">通告</span>行在开证行<span style="color: black;">需求</span>或授权下对信用证加以保兑;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、卖方认真核对信用证<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>与合同相符,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不符,可<span style="color: black;">需求</span>买方<span style="color: black;">经过</span>开证行进行修改;待信用证无误后,卖方<span style="color: black;">按照</span>信用证备货、装运、开立汇票并缮制各类单据,船运<span style="color: black;">机构</span>将装船的提单交予卖方;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6、卖方将单据和信用证在信用证有效期内交予<span style="color: black;">通告</span>行;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7、<span style="color: black;">通告</span>行审查单据符合信用证条款后接受单据并付款,若单证不付,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>拒付;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8、<span style="color: black;">通告</span>行将单据寄送开证行,向其索偿;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9、开证行收到单据后,应核对单据<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>符合信用证,如正确无误,即应偿付<span style="color: black;">通告</span>行代垫款项,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">通告</span>开证申请人备款赎单;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">十、</span>买方付款赎单,如<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>不符,可拒付款项并退单。买方<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>单证不符,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可拒绝赎单;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11、 开证行将单据交予买方;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">12、买方凭单据提货。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>信用证的特点</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、<strong style="color: blue;">信用证不依<span style="color: black;">附着</span>买卖合同</strong>,银行在审单时强调的是信用证与<span style="color: black;">基本</span>贸易相分离的书面形式上的认证。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、信用证是凭单付款,<strong style="color: blue;">不以货物为准</strong>。只要单据相符,开证行就应无<span style="color: black;">要求</span>付款。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、<strong style="color: blue;">信用证是一种银行信用</strong>,它是银行的一种担保文件。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">5、</span>信用证<span style="color: black;">包括</span>的单据</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1、汇票 (Bill of Exchange)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">信用证汇票<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>出口商开立给付款人或是银行的。信用证汇票必须列明出票的<span style="color: black;">按照</span>,即注明该汇票是<span style="color: black;">按照</span>哪家银行于何时开立的哪一号信用证所开立,这条“出票条款”是信用证汇票的要项之一,不得遗漏。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2、<span style="color: black;">商场</span>发票(Commercial Invoice)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">商场</span>发票(以下简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“发票”)没有统一的格式,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>应具备以下<span style="color: black;">重点</span>内容:发票的名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>、发货人、客户、发票号码、发票日期、起运港、目的港、唛头、货物品名、数量、单价、总金额、价格术语、发票盖章等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3、海运提单(Marine/Ocean Bill of Lading)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">海运提单(以下简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“提单”)是在海上运输(<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是班轮运输)方式下,由承运人或其代理人签发的,确认<span style="color: black;">已然</span>到(或已装船)某种货物,并且承诺将其运到指定地点交与提单持有人的一种<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>法律效力的证明文件。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">4、保险单据(Insurance Documents)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">保单是保险<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>险种事先设计内容格式,由投保人<span style="color: black;">按照</span>贸易、运输、货物的<span style="color: black;">实质</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>(做信用证,<span style="color: black;">根据</span>信用证的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>来)进行填写。保单是保险<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>衡量、保费计算、出保单的依据。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">5、装箱单(Packing List)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">装箱单是<span style="color: black;">商场</span>发票的<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>,由发货人缮制<span style="color: black;">显示</span>货物的名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>、规格、数量、唛头、箱号、件数、重量和体积以及包装<span style="color: black;">状况</span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">6、重量单(Weight List/Certificate)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">重量单是关于货物重量的证明书,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>由出口商或厂商出具。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">7、数量单(Quantity Certificate)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">数量单是关于货物数量的证明书,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>由出口商或厂商出具。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">8、产地证明书(Certificate of Origin)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">产地证明书<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是用以证明货物的原始生产或制造国,以便进口核实进口<span style="color: black;">源自</span>,实行区别关税<span style="color: black;">薪水</span>的证书,产地证明书<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是减免关税的依据。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">9、品质证明(Certificate of Quality)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">品质证明书是出口货物的质量和规格的鉴定和证明。在我国<span style="color: black;">通常</span>由商检局出具。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">十、</span>受益人证明(Beneficiarys Certificate)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">受益人证明<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是信用证受益人<span style="color: black;">按照</span>信用证的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>出具的证明(受益人)<span style="color: black;">已然</span>履行了合同义务的证明。<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">相关</span>于货物的品质、包装、已装船<span style="color: black;">通告</span>,已寄样品或已寄副本单据等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">11、资信证明(Credit Report)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">资信证明业务指银行接受客户申请,在银行记录资料的范围内,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对客户的资金运动记录及<span style="color: black;">关联</span>信息的收集整理,以对外出具资信证明函件的形式,证明客户信誉<span style="color: black;">情况</span>的一种咨询见证类中间业务,是投标时需要出具的资质。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">12、客检证(Inspection Certificate)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">客检证<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>客检证书,是质量检验需由客户以<span style="color: black;">各样</span>方式认可,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>生效。进口商提出这种条款是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>信用证业务处理的是单据而非货物,进口商为了防止出口方装运伪劣<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>要由自己或其代理人在货物装运前验货并相应的出具检验证书,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>出口货物不合格,出口商就得不到进口方的检验证书,因而<span style="color: black;">亦</span>收不到货款,起到<span style="color: black;">守护</span>进口商利益的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">13、装船<span style="color: black;">通告</span>(Shipping Advice)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">装船<span style="color: black;">通告</span>(Shipping Advice或Notice of shipment),<span style="color: black;">亦</span>叫装运<span style="color: black;">通告</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>指的是出口商在货物装船后发给进口方的<span style="color: black;">包含</span>货物<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>装运<span style="color: black;">状况</span>的<span style="color: black;">通告</span>,其目的在于让进口商做好筹措资金、付款、投保、接货的准备。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(下一篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>会翻译一份正本信用证,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>实例来进一步吃透信用证)</p>
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