做外贸要晓得:什么是“美国AMS”!(附:美国进口清关注意事宜)
<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2000人外贸链网站VIP会员群(现有1617人)聚集:外贸<span style="color: black;">机构</span>找<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,工厂找客户,经验交流!无杂乱信息<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>!</span><span style="color: black;">进群<span style="color: black;">办法</span>:外贸<span style="color: black;">机构</span>和工厂升级外贸链网站会员后可进群。</span></span><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/LPmUs36QfiaNpCC7ic87ceJlLFV1gIZHa41qsRBOvsDn8StygibEBpHq3lXiaBhs952ApBcU8ByBSs9ibWD8v3GkALQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></span></a><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">AMS(Automated Manifest System,American Manifest System,Advanced Manifest System)<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为美国舱单录入系统, <span style="color: black;">也</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>24小时舱单预报或美国海关反恐舱单,</span></strong>源自2002年”911”恐怖袭击之后,美国出于反恐需要<span style="color: black;">创立</span>的一个制度。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ibBBs7mRU2eMibvkno4PiatYkVKt4ZaAt1ic65wmYVLtBLGib0huYbl91JxR9vjjYFj0Z6FzhIUIIpM5KTbibEfYOHOw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>美国海关出台的规定,所有出口至美国货物或经美国中转至第三国货物都必须在装船前二十四小时向美国海关申报。<span style="color: black;">需求</span>最接近直接出口商的货代发送AMS资料。</span></strong>AMS的资料是<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>美国海关指定的系统直接发送到美国海关数据库中,由美国海关系统自动进行<span style="color: black;">检测</span>及回复,发送的时候需要把货物的<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>资料报送过去,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>目的港毛重体积件数品名箱号船东真正的收发货人(FORWARDER不算)以及相应的代码编号等。等美国那边<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>接受了<span style="color: black;">才可</span>上船,如有HB/L,则两份都要发送......。否则,货物将<span style="color: black;">没法</span>上船。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">AMS的由来:</strong></span><span style="color: black;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2002年911恐怖袭击之后,美国海关及国土安全局于2002年10月31日登记此海关新规则,2002年12月2日正式生效,其后60天为缓冲期(缓冲期内非欺诈性的违反不承担任何责任)。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">AMS资料应该由谁发送?</strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">按美国海关的规定是<span style="color: black;">需求</span>最接近直接出口商的货代(NVOCC)发送AMS资料。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">发送AMS的NOVCC<span style="color: black;">首要</span>需要在美国FMC取得NVOCC 资质,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>需要从美国NMFTA(National Motor Freight Traffic Association )<span style="color: black;">公司</span>申请到专属的SCAC (Standard Carrier Alpha Code),方可向美国海关发送<span style="color: black;">关联</span>数据。在发送过程中,NVOCC必须对美国海关的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>规定有完整清楚的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,严格<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>规则行事,可能会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>清关延迟<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>是被美国海关罚款。</span></span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/xjnzu0s2PG9Ato5iaTDx7loOMRFb99ZVWj4SVqkgMuIOj0l0ZGSHnaC19iczKRhDKJ6taG02BOJvN67y2B1Y42jQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">AMS资料应该提前几天发?</strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>AMS<span style="color: black;">亦</span>叫做24小时舱单预报,顾名思义<span style="color: black;">便是</span>要提前24小时发送舱单</span></strong><span style="color: black;">,24小时并不是以开船时间为标准,应该是<span style="color: black;">需求</span>在箱子上船前24小时得到美国海关的回执(货代得到OK/1Y,船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>或码头得到69),<span style="color: black;">详细</span>提前多久发送<span style="color: black;">无</span>规定,发得再早,得不到正确回执<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是没用的。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">实质</span>操作中, 船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>或是的NVOCC都会很早(船<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>提前三四天截单)<span style="color: black;">需求</span>把AMS资料交上去,而对出口商<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>提前三四天给的资料有可能是不正确的,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>有存在截单后要求船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,NOVCC更改AMS信息的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">AMS资料里<span style="color: black;">需求</span>什么?</strong></span></span></p><span style="color: black;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一份完整的AMS里<span style="color: black;">包含</span>House BL Number、Carrier Master BL No、Carrier Name、Shipper、Consignee、Notify Party、 Place of Receipt、Vessel / Voyage、Port of Loading、Port of Discharge、Destination、Container Number、 Seal Number、Size/ Type、No. & PKG Type、Weight、CBM、Description of Goods、 Marks & Numbers,所有这些资料都是以出口商<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的提单内容为准。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/xjnzu0s2PG9Ato5iaTDx7loOMRFb99ZVWMj4nG4HEX3pROibx2d4wRzQXia0y62vG2yr6mAppkKntVqqYRS1ic9mNQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">真实进出口商资料可不<span style="color: black;">能够</span>不给</strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">按美国海关的规定是不<span style="color: black;">能够</span>。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>海关<span style="color: black;">针对</span>CNEE的信息是查得很严,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>被查到CNEE有问题,USD1000-5000先准备好。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>经常会<span style="color: black;">需求</span>NVOCC把进出口商的<span style="color: black;">tel</span>传真<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>是联系人都放进AMS资料里<span style="color: black;">供给</span>,虽然美国海关的规定里不需要<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">tel</span>传真或是联系人,只需要<span style="color: black;">机构</span>名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,正确的<span style="color: black;">位置</span>和ZIP CODE等等,但船<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>的<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>信息有助于美国海关直接联系到CNEE并向其索取所需要信息。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">AMS资料发送到美国会得到什么结果?</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">AMS的资料是<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>美国海关指定的系统直接发送到海关数据库中,由美国海关系统自动进行检查及回复,</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>在发送后5-10分钟后就会得到结果,只要发送的AMS资料是完整的,马上就会得到"OK"这个结果,这个"OK"<span style="color: black;">表率</span>这票AMS的货上船<span style="color: black;">无</span>问题,<span style="color: black;">无</span>"OK"则<span style="color: black;">不可</span>上船。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">2003年12月6日,美国海关<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>SPECIAL BILL,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>对船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>所发的MASTER BILL和AMS中的MASTER BILL NO进行匹配,两个号码一致就会得到"1Y"的结果,清关时AMS方面就<span style="color: black;">无</span>问题了,这个"1Y"只需要在船到美国靠港前得到就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>了。</span></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/xjnzu0s2PG909t8fEVw2lJdjxbXevdT5O9Qic8nicq5BHCysoRVS1bYpdOwlGtukVlc8ugicybpje0mrVB3Rs17QA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">AMS的<span style="color: black;">道理</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">自AMS24小时申报实施<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,结合之后推出的配套安全条款及ISF。</span><span style="color: black;">使得美国进口的货物信息准确干净,数据齐全,容易<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span><span style="color: black;">查找</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不仅</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>了国土安全,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>大大降低了进口商品的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>及<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了清关的效率。</span></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">继美国之后,墨西哥、加拿大、欧盟、南非以及中国等国家都纷纷效仿美国的AMS, 实施了装船前舱单申报制度</span></strong>,以期有效避免<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,<span style="color: black;">守护</span>本国国土安全和人民利益,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>预见,出于安全<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>,将来会有越来越多的国家实施这种转船前申报系统。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">美国海关可能会对AMS的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>和程序进行不<span style="color: black;">定时</span>更新,详情请以美国海关最新发布为准。</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">关于美国进口清关<span style="color: black;">重视</span>事宜</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>说下普货进口,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>中国到美国走的物流<span style="color: black;">途径</span>是空运<span style="color: black;">或</span>海运,<span style="color: black;">或</span>联运模式(非邮件<span style="color: black;">途径</span>,非快件<span style="color: black;">途径</span>)。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">普货进口大部分都是2500美金以上的货值,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>大于2500美金以上的普货,美国海关<span style="color: black;">需求</span>必须要正式进口,不管商品<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>关税是0,<span style="color: black;">而正式进口必须需要一个IOR(importer of record) 这个IOR 必须要有Bond,关于Bond分为两大类,一种是一次性的,适合进口人一年正式进口两次以内的,<span style="color: black;">另一</span>一种叫年bond,适合一年进口两次以上的。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">无</span>bond,IOR<span style="color: black;">不可</span>清关。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">bond的<span style="color: black;">花费</span>会<span style="color: black;">按照</span>进口商品的价值跟关税额来认定 ,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>普货的年bond的<span style="color: black;">花费</span>在400到800美金之间。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">而</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">IOR<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为两种</strong></span><span style="color: black;">,一种是美国实体<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>进口商在美国,<span style="color: black;">另一</span>一种是用中国发货<span style="color: black;">机构</span>买bond<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>shipper买bond,两种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第二种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>是美国很特殊的东西,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>中国的出口商<span style="color: black;">或</span>卖家并不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>,其实<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>做美国生意,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>美国<span style="color: black;">无</span>实体<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>美国<span style="color: black;">无</span>你认可的合作伙伴的话,最好</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">以国内<span style="color: black;">发货人的形式充当美国进口的importer 并且购买bond</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">。<span style="color: black;">然则</span></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">还是需要美国一个<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>收货人的<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>consignee,还需要他的税号</span></strong><span style="color: black;">,这个收货<span style="color: black;">机构</span>就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用物流<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>其他的了。</span></span><span style="color: black;">购买bond,需要<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的税号,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是美国实体<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>IRS那张纸就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>,并且需要<span style="color: black;">机构</span>所有人的ID。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是海外<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>发货人买bond<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,需要<span style="color: black;">供给</span>海外营业执照,<span style="color: black;">机构</span>法人护照<span style="color: black;">或</span>身份证。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">而后</span>进口清关美国需要<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>报关行来做(理论上IOR<span style="color: black;">能够</span>自己清关,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你自己做不<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span>划算,当然大的IOR<span style="color: black;">常常</span>都有自己的inhouse broker,这是<span style="color: black;">另一</span>一种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>了),<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次进口,需要跟报关行<span style="color: black;">供给</span>POA,报关<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>书,BOND信息,货物的箱单,货物的<span style="color: black;">商场</span>发票,物流运单(airway bill or bill of landing),<span style="color: black;">针对</span>空运<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,只要飞机<span style="color: black;">一块</span>飞美国这边报关员就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做申报,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>飞机<span style="color: black;">无</span>落地清关就完<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>海关系统会给报关员指令,放行,查验,其他等等。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>放行,就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>去机场提货了。</span></span><span style="color: black;">之后报关行会给进口人一个表格叫CBP7501,这个文件非常重要,这是美国进口的凭据,是美国海关出具的,里面会清楚的有<span style="color: black;">各样</span>明细跟收费等等。<span style="color: black;">包含</span>关税、MPF、<span style="color: black;">货物海关编码、价值、收货人等等。</span></span><span style="color: black;">关税这部分,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>中小客户都是付给报关行由报关行支付给海关,美国不存在关税报关员不给海关的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,更<span style="color: black;">不消</span>担心报关员多收关税(<span style="color: black;">然则</span>报关行会收取一个关税垫付手续费),<span style="color: black;">只要拿到7501表格就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说明一切,再次说下这个表格非常重要。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你的关税数额很大,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>去美国海关开具一个账户,里面存钱<span style="color: black;">做为</span>关税支付款项。产生关税后海关直接从这个账户扣钱。</span></span><span style="color: black;">美国不存在,关税不透明的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你觉得关税海关多收了,拿这7501<span style="color: black;">或</span>其他凭据跟他沟通,再不成,上法庭,这些都是很正常的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>都是美国进口商的权力。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">再说下<span style="color: black;">由于</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">IOR是货物的所有人,海关跟报关行只跟他<span style="color: black;">出现</span>关系,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>为啥<span style="color: black;">说</span>最好shipper买 bond<span style="color: black;">便是</span>这点,等于货权还是在自己手上,不会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>啥扯皮的事情。</strong></span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">TIPS:</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>找任何物流<span style="color: black;">机构</span>都要问清楚一点,到底谁是importer,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>谁是importer,货权<span style="color: black;">便是</span>谁的,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>物流<span style="color: black;">机构</span>跟你说<span style="color: black;">能够</span>全包,留个心眼问问他到底谁是importer,谁的importer你最好要跟谁签署好协议,防止货权转移到时候扯不清楚,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>谁当importer谁就要承担美国进口的一切责任,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>关税、FDA、查验仓储费、美国口岸物流<span style="color: black;">花费</span>等等。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">出口美国的清关流程</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"> 出口货物到美国的贸易方式多种多样,有些货物的美国进口清关<span style="color: black;">花费</span>及税费由发货人支付,这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,美国清关行会<span style="color: black;">需求</span>中国出口商发货前签署一份POA<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>书,类似我国报关时需要用到的报关<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>书。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">清关方式<span style="color: black;">一般</span>有两种:</strong></span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、以美国收货人的名义清关</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">即由美国收货人(consignee)<span style="color: black;">供给</span>POA给货代的美国代理,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>还需要美国收货人的Bond。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、以发货人的名义清关</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">即由发货人<span style="color: black;">供给</span>POA给起运港货代,货代再转给目的港代理,由美国代理人帮发货人在美国办理进口商海关登<span style="color: black;">暗号</span>,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>需要发货人购买Bond。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>事项:</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span></strong><span style="color: black;">以上两种清关方式,无论采用哪一种,都必须用美国收货人的税号(Tax ID,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>叫做IRS No.)来清关。IRS No.(The Internal Revenue Service No.)是美国收货人在美国国税局登记的一个纳税识别号。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span></strong><span style="color: black;">在美国,<span style="color: black;">无</span>Bond<span style="color: black;">没法</span>清关,<span style="color: black;">无</span>税号<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">没法</span>清关。</span></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ibBBs7mRU2eMiceOHAcxNXH1BAOmSAZqKIoWibl1vvUia5bx3IHXGVibPuko6O9e4qSJIxicwypqiceZC3N9YlBs6zH6Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">该类贸易方式下的清关流程</strong></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">01、报 关</span></strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">报关行收到到货<span style="color: black;">通告</span>后,如<span style="color: black;">同期</span>备妥海关所需要的文件,就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在预备到港或抵达内陆点5天之内向海关申请通关。海运通关<span style="color: black;">一般</span>会在48小时内<span style="color: black;">通知</span>放行与否,空运会在24小时内<span style="color: black;">通告</span>。有些货物船还<span style="color: black;">无</span>抵港,海关就已决定要<span style="color: black;">检测</span>了。绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>内陆点都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在货物抵达之前进行事先申报(Pre-Clear),但只会在货到后(即ARRIVAL IT后)才会<span style="color: black;">表示</span>结果。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">向海关申报的方式有两种,一种是电子申报,一种是海关需要审查书面文件。无论哪种方式,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>都必须准备好所需要的文件等数据信息。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ibBBs7mRU2eMiceOHAcxNXH1BAOmSAZqKIu3RyaibzgND5WTReGickAQIsTM5RVnicdnbmp48u4vl9WbHp4icUIyRobg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、准备报关文件</span></strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(1)提单(B/L);</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(2)发票(Commercial Invoice);</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(3)装箱单(Packing List);</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(4)到货<span style="color: black;">通告</span>(Arrival Notice)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(5)如有木质包装,需熏蒸证书(Fumigation Certificate)或 无木质包装声明(Non Wood Packing Statement)。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">提单上收货人(consignee)的名字需要和后三种文件上<span style="color: black;">表示</span>的收货人统一,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不一致,必须要有提单上的收货方写货物转让书(Letter of Transfer),第三方才<span style="color: black;">能够</span>清关。发票及装箱单上<span style="color: black;">亦</span>需要S/ & C/的名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>、<span style="color: black;">位置</span>及<span style="color: black;">tel</span>。国内有些S/的文件上缺少这些信息,都会被<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">弥补</span>。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/ibBBs7mRU2ePcdgaG4aUibvjJVR7Z6KJ7icUxlRKuVL5TEDktrZnVJYFFLPYQkg72EDV0IzxIu0SbyXPhshK3wTicg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3、转 关</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">倘若</span>在内陆清关,需要做转关<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>需要<span style="color: black;">供给</span>I.T .#,生效日 、出发地和中止地 。内陆海关会用I.T#,来<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>并放行。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/ibBBs7mRU2eOuZVefPW6NibN1AYVucOXIHYCGUkh6F2Fm2Xz1HgK6EG3xZM8ddZEOZyrW7FyG3aicsjpibu603xthQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">4、放 货</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"> (1)</span></strong><span style="color: black;">从前的ABI系统,船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>码头是直接和海<span style="color: black;">相关</span>网,这就<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>海关在ABI里放行,船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>及码头都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>看到。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">试行AMS后,规模大的船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>如长荣、APL、马士基、中远、CSCL等<span style="color: black;">亦</span>都联网AMS,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>码头<span style="color: black;">无</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>海关在AMS中放行,这些船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>以及NVOCC AMS FILER都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>同步看到,船<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>码头系统<span style="color: black;">同期</span>更新。规模相对小的船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,如中外运、LYKES、GWS等<span style="color: black;">无</span>做到联网AMS,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>只能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>NVOCC AMS FILER传真NVOCC<span style="color: black;">保准</span>函及海关通行证复印件(CUSTOMS FORM 3461)来放行,这些船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>收到传真后再人工更新码头系统。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"> (2)</span></strong><span style="color: black;">码头/船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>放货码头与船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>是联网的,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>运费预付,提单又是电放,只要海关一放行,码头就会自动放货给卡车<span style="color: black;">机构</span>。美国客户不需要来换单,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>美国代理<span style="color: black;">无</span>任何办法帮忙扣货,这一点与中国完全<span style="color: black;">区别</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,装港<span style="color: black;">无</span>收到客户的运费,千万不要做船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>大提单电放或预付运费。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <strong style="color: blue;">(3)</strong>内陆放货到内陆的货,清关后船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>会给一个PICK UP#,代理拿到此PICK UP#后<span style="color: black;">通告</span>C/,卡车<span style="color: black;">机构</span>凭此号码提货,此号码要等:A、货到达堆场并从火车上下柜,B、海关放行后,C、船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>放行后,才<span style="color: black;">能够</span>拿到,缺少任何一项都拿不到。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,内陆的货需要花很<span style="color: black;">长期</span>跟踪,在到C/收到PICK UP#为止。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">什么是“Bond”?</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>关于Bond</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">Bond<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上是进口保险的<span style="color: black;">表率</span>。<span style="color: black;">详细</span>是出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>进口企业在<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>不确定<span style="color: black;">原由</span>不提货、弃货的时候,美国海关除了对货物进行预期拍卖外,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>向保险<span style="color: black;">机构</span>申请索赔货物进口到美国的其他操作<span style="color: black;">花费</span>,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>堆存费等等。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>:<span style="color: black;">无</span>买Bond等价于<span style="color: black;">无</span>在美国海关备案。即便发送了ISF<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">没法</span>进口清关,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>货物到港后势必会被海关拒收还有可能需要罚款的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/ibBBs7mRU2eMiceOHAcxNXH1BAOmSAZqKIS7TCTUy0iaad5uicghWLVN96icxHstyaA40YXBmKbjNKy8OcicOyAIjaPw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">查美国海关信息官网<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>,The U.S. Customs and Border Protection Bonds(CBP Bonds)<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>美国海关事务担保。Bond是一种美国进口商,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>承担海关事务担保的一方,需要买的<span style="color: black;">保准</span>金。美国海关为了预防进口商因某些<span style="color: black;">原因</span>而产生罚款时,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在Bond里面扣钱,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>所有的货进口到美国都需要买Bond.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>为了<span style="color: black;">商场</span>目的而进口到美国境内的货物价值超过2500美元,或是进口属于其他美国联邦<span style="color: black;">公司</span>实施入境管理<span style="color: black;">需求</span>的商品(如枪支或食品等),都必须<span style="color: black;">运用</span>海关事务担保,即进口商必须购买Bond。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">美国海关事务担保的担保人都是经过美国政府认证的企业。美国财务部网站(https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/surety-bonds/list-certified-companies.html)<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>并更新有资格为美国海关<span style="color: black;">供给</span>担保的担保企业名单(Treasury Department Circular 570)。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>Bond的类别</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">既然是<span style="color: black;">做为</span>保险<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的Bond,肯定会有所划分的。<span style="color: black;">根据</span>Bond的年限将其分为以下两类:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A、年Bond【Continuous Bond】。从字面意思就能<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>,年Bond只需要每年购买一次,比较适合年内进出口物流比较频繁的货主。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>为多次海关业务<span style="color: black;">供给</span>担保的连续担保(ContinuousBonds)。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">B、单次Bond【Single Transaction Bond】,简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>之为STB。有的货物可能存在倾销<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的,美国海关则会相应的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>其购买STB,从而避免损失。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,当前美国海关<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了一种新的担保业务,即知识产权样品担保(IPR Sample Bonds)适用于知识产权权利持有人,知识产权样品担保属于连续担保的一种。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">除了<span style="color: black;">以上</span>仅适用于海关事务的担保外,企业还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>运用综合担保(ConsolidatedBonds)。这种担保不仅<span style="color: black;">能够</span>担保关务合规和海关税费,还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>对被担保人遵守其他进出口法律法规<span style="color: black;">供给</span>担保。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>连续担保的担保金额怎么计算?</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">两种类型的Bond的最低保险金额是100美元。以进口人或报关代理人的海关事务担保为例,连续担保的担保金额最低额是以被担保人在过去12个月内支付的关税、税款和<span style="color: black;">花费</span>总额的10%为<span style="color: black;">基本</span>计算的。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,还要加上<span style="color: black;">有些</span>未支付税费金额等项目。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">连续担保的有效期一年或至进口商或担保人取消担保函为止。美国海关会<span style="color: black;">定时</span>审查连续担保<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>足以<span style="color: black;">保准</span>被担保人的合规与税费责任。要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,担保金额不是保费。保费是支付给担保人的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>Bonds?</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">企业<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>一次性担保(SingleTransaction Bonds, STB),<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>连续担保(ContinuousBonds)。同一笔海关业务的连续担保的<span style="color: black;">花费</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>会高于一次性担保,但连续担保的<span style="color: black;">花费</span>均摊在所担保的每笔海关业务上又<span style="color: black;">显著</span>要比一次性担保合算。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>哪种Bond,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>简单地看担保金额和保费的高低,而是取决于企业将货物进口至美国的频率和业务种类。如只是偶尔进口,<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>一次性担保。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>经常将货物进口至美国并<span style="color: black;">经过</span>各个<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的口岸入境,则连续保税是在效率和经济上的最佳<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:海运网</span><span style="color: black;">央视<span style="color: black;">报告</span>:2021年是外贸企业的至暗之年!船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,造船厂,集装箱制造厂,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>苏伊士运河,这些外贸链条上的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>都赚得盆满钵满,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>外贸企业赚了个“头痛不已”!</span>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">版权说明:</span><span style="color: black;">外贸链 精选的每一篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>都会注明作者和<span style="color: black;">源自</span>(除非实在找不到),<span style="color: black;">文案</span>版权归作者所有。</span><span style="color: black;">如有<span style="color: black;">欠妥</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>将在<span style="color: black;">第1</span>时间删除。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">外贸链,连接外贸人!</span></strong></span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
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