蜘蛛是怎么吐丝的，倘若蛛丝吐完了，蜘蛛会不会“丝尽蛛亡”？
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">丝尽蛛亡？</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>自己“上网”的节肢动物，蜘蛛经常需要到处吐丝结网，而结网必不可少的材料<span style="color: black;">便是</span>蛛丝。蛛丝<span style="color: black;">无</span>了，是不是<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着蜘蛛即将面临死亡？</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c29d97d3288d4b3b8a19174da092c5cc~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=WOjLSwHJucaOIBvX%2FVA8hiqKjJo%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>常说的吐丝其实并不是吐丝，而是喷丝。蜘蛛丝<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是从蜘蛛嘴里吐出的，而是从腹部喷射而来。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">蜘蛛的腹部<span style="color: black;">持有</span>丝囊和丝腺。丝囊的表面分布着<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>小孔，这小小孔就像一个个喷头<span style="color: black;">同样</span>，会源源<span style="color: black;">持续</span>地喷出蛛丝。而<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的蛛丝<span style="color: black;">源自</span>于丝囊底部的丝腺，丝腺内储存着<span style="color: black;">海量</span>蛋白质纤维。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6d0afcb5b15243ef924f1df21374e010~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=%2BWJD2VJ4Lfg8qFkJ3x3WWqvtUZE%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这些蛋白质纤维<span style="color: black;">便是</span>蛛丝的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>原材料，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>在蜘蛛内部呈现液态。当蜘蛛需要吐丝时，这些蛋白纤维就会被丝腺施加压力，在压力下喷射而出。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">她们</span>喷射到丝囊口就会被分散成一根根细丝，<span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>是为了<span style="color: black;">加强</span>蛛丝的韧性。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>看到的蛛丝是单独的一根，在显微镜下<span style="color: black;">能够</span>观察到<span style="color: black;">她们</span>是<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>根相互缠绕在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>的。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/92253a89b28e46c693ee1bd3f3b13644~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=%2BLm3r7mU1UE0mfqKHIf88BY7e34%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">喷出的液体蛛丝一旦遇到<span style="color: black;">外边</span>空气，就会会<span style="color: black;">快速</span>干燥形成丝线状态。蜘蛛<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>的吐丝编织自己的蛛网。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，普通的圆蜘蛛<span style="color: black;">每日</span>大约能吐出100米长的丝线，一天的极限吐丝量为700米。而蜘蛛<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span>的吐丝量最多能达到上亿米，这么多蛛丝，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>够他造多少蛛网了。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c9f7f1ba6cf144f8aeeea7aa5b1bf44b~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=ugpHA3rJKUNKof88ddf7itmWfVs%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">她们</span>的吐丝量和<span style="color: black;">自己</span>储存的蛋白质含量多少<span style="color: black;">相关</span>，<span style="color: black;">每日</span>吃饱喝足的蜘蛛，吐出的丝就多，反之则少。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">一直</span>的抽丝，蜘蛛会<span style="color: black;">持续</span>消耗<span style="color: black;">自己</span>存储的蛋白质，直到<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的蛋白质消耗殆尽。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b0a73114d4d4e35bad732379854cf3a~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=0NTrwXquH5vXY3WroUeKAu6L99s%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">此时</span>候蜘蛛丝就会彻底消失，但蜘蛛并不会死亡，而是进入一种虚弱状态。在这个状态下<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的体力会大幅度削弱，猎食<span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会极为困难。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">摄食</span>，蜘蛛会被饿死，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>算是另一种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>的“丝尽蛛亡”。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">吐丝，我是有节制的</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>蜘蛛在自然环境中，不会将<span style="color: black;">身体</span>蛋白质<span style="color: black;">所有</span>转化为蛛丝吐出，总归是要留<span style="color: black;">有些</span>以备不时之需。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fbdd9705ba664372bac912fea35e0c2d~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=Z0F4paBb9jk3oBEY7V69a40FKtU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在面对<span style="color: black;">食品</span>短缺，<span style="color: black;">身体</span>蛋白质不足的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，蜘蛛还有一手保命绝招——将蛛丝吃下。蛛丝的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">成份</span>为蛋白质，并且蜘蛛的消化系统对蛋白质极为<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>。能够快速识别、消化、吸收外来的蛋白质。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/72d3864739204984b89f10d685c73dc8~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=QBJh3dmnmyxF6yeDMhobk67lNYA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>，蜘蛛只能消化自己吐出的蛛丝，吃其他的蛛丝就难以消化。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还有一个有意思的现象，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你一边给蜘蛛喂食，一边抽丝。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>你会得到源源<span style="color: black;">持续</span>的蛛丝，资本家见了都得落泪。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">蜘蛛不可或缺的工具</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">蜘蛛吐丝<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是为了结网，蛛网是蜘蛛唯二的捕食手段。蜘蛛编造蛛网<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是在夜间，一<span style="color: black;">夜晚</span>就能完成一个蛛网的编织。蛛网<span style="color: black;">通常</span>都<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>粘性，只要不是体积过大的动物，一旦沾上就难以脱身。<span style="color: black;">白日</span>就卧在蛛网中心等待猎物上门，蛛网上有一丝震动都会<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>的<span style="color: black;">重视</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a4c31c37189d4f6eb22a4ce167d235e6~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=6OMQGpJ0hA861vSYoEz2uQkAIwM%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">只要有猎物被缠绕住，蜘蛛就会<span style="color: black;">按照</span>蛛丝颤动的频率分辨猎物的<span style="color: black;">体积</span>，种类。等待猎物挣扎后体力不支，蜘蛛就会上前继续吐丝将猎物包裹起来，慢慢地等待猎物死亡，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>饱餐一顿。有些捕食大型猎物的蜘蛛还会给猎物来上一口，注入毒素，加速猎物死亡。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3eef2a9963774189a002000b2eb32405~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=0HxzL4kCQ8oq49JvZT1HP0i43o8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">蛛网还是蜘蛛繁殖的重要工具。有些雄蜘蛛<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span>只会结一次网，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>在网结好后，会将精液排在网上，随后将精液吸入触肢器中，在交配过程中排出雌性<span style="color: black;">身体</span>。而这种雌性蜘蛛<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span>结网的次数和交配次数相同。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在交配完成后，雌性就会结网，将卵产在网上，这个网<span style="color: black;">便是</span>后代<span style="color: black;">存活</span>的环境。雌蜘蛛会<span style="color: black;">始终</span>守在蛛网<span style="color: black;">周边</span><span style="color: black;">守护</span>卵，在<span style="color: black;">她们</span>孵化后给<span style="color: black;">她们</span>投递<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，直到<span style="color: black;">她们</span>能生活自理后才离开。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/df77697cb504439582f7a14db89ed03c~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=IMPvEfc4a%2FGtjDGNlW3Xme7z410%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">蛛丝还是蜘蛛远行的<span style="color: black;">助手</span>，在面对水流<span style="color: black;">或</span>间距较短的深渊时，蜘蛛就会去到高处，等待上风向的大风，在风到来时喷出蛛丝，借助风力将蛛丝射向对岸，黏住对岸的物体。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此时蜘蛛会以两种方式到对岸，一个是将腹部蛛丝黏住<span style="color: black;">自己</span><span style="color: black;">周边</span>的物体。用类似于杂技“走钢丝”的方式<span style="color: black;">步行到</span>对面。<span style="color: black;">或</span>直接将射出的蛛丝当作钩索，像人抓住绳子那样荡过去。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8105309a05124a2c877dbeda763dae4d~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=3OJqqwhKTE8gk9NxQyxUSvXiMo0%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">蛛丝结网并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>做到一劳永逸，蛛网的黏性<span style="color: black;">连续</span>一段时间后就会消失。<span style="color: black;">此时</span>候就需要重新吐丝，修复消散黏性的蛛网。并且野外<span style="color: black;">存活</span>的蜘蛛时常会遇到<span style="color: black;">各样</span>意外，蛛网随时会破裂。缝缝补补<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>蜘蛛的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>，这个“网络”<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是这么容易“冲浪”的。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">蛛丝在社会的应用</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">蛛丝还对人有<span style="color: black;">极重</span>的用处。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a86db182078f4a48b85e74d11df9f07c~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=vxLkPxssUThfzkulurUZp9bmvLM%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>一种材料，蜘蛛丝<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>极强的机械性能和很高的抗拉强度。蜘蛛丝的抗拉强度（高达1.4 GPa），与高等级合金钢（0.45-2 GPa）相当。其承载力相当于普通钢材的五倍。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>将蛛丝制作成手指<span style="color: black;">那样</span>粗，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>他就真的<span style="color: black;">能够</span>像电影中那样，将列车牢牢抓住而不会断裂，利用蛛丝的黏性与韧性真的<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做到飞檐走壁。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/075c96115a354e5f9f93e2b19da24f67~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=mutgdBLlHco3iFuhSiUTUWSPjnU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不仅如此，蜘蛛丝还有很强的延展性。合金制造好就固定了，而蜘蛛丝在湿润的环境下能拉长到<span style="color: black;">自己</span>长度的五倍。这种强度大，延展性好的天然材料被用于<span style="color: black;">各样</span>航天零件的建造，还被用于生物医学。在军事<span style="color: black;">行业</span>，蜘蛛丝还是防弹衣的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>原材料之一。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>在野外，受到意外<span style="color: black;">损伤</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>流血现象，还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>将蛛丝揉搓成一团，<span style="color: black;">安置</span>于伤口处，能起到止血的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/473f939b7cf646dabaf0144043ec9bd9~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=n3VJ6GE9%2BKVhUvMzezbus1gf9IM%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还有部分人将蜘蛛丝与蚕丝做比较，<span style="color: black;">为何</span>不<span style="color: black;">海量</span>养殖蜘蛛，<span style="color: black;">这般</span>人们不<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能用上蜘蛛丝做成的生活用品了吗？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这其实是<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>难度的，蜘蛛的天性和蚕有很大的区别。蜘蛛是一种独居动物，不<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>和同类生活在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>，同类相食的现象时有<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。大规模的养殖需要占据巨大的场地，并且养殖效益还不高。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/518e9abb173946078e3352393d312b27~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=M4VZiBJ%2BoISxYyUYK2ILSQzgQPo%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">蜘蛛是肉食性节肢动物，<span style="color: black;">想要</span>多产丝就必须<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>蛋白质含量高的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>。这又是一笔不小的开支。外加蜘蛛丝非常的细，其直径在0.00093~0.0014毫米之间。一根头发都比它粗上几百倍。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ec4effeab05e4f64b8178f46ef446e0c~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725096422&x-signature=yPrYxn%2BzQmpYIpdFIEJlrXCAydU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如此精细的材料用来制作生活用品<span style="color: black;">或</span>纺织物，必然会有很<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的程序，这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>加剧了<span style="color: black;">运用</span>成本。国外曾有<span style="color: black;">公司</span>用蛛丝制作了一只手套，光是材料的成本就超过了50万元。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>，蜘蛛丝大<span style="color: black;">大都是</span>用来进行<span style="color: black;">研究</span><span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>高端仪器的原材料。</p>
这篇文章真的让我受益匪浅，外链发布感谢分享！ 期待你更多的精彩评论，一起交流学习。
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