【科普翻译团】科学种子科技英语——这是蚂蚁吗?是植物吗?不,这是只蜘蛛!
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">本文内容未经授权不得转载或引用,违者必究</strong></span></h1><span style="color: black;">【前言】</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“科学种子科技英语”为上海青少年科学社<span style="color: black;">特殊</span>周刊板块,旨在<span style="color: black;">经过</span>双语形式翻译国内外最新科学技术科普<span style="color: black;">文案</span>,带领青少年读者们<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>最前沿的<span style="color: black;">研究</span>成果概况,普及科学知识、传播科学思维、领悟科学奥秘。自2021年起,该板块重新推出,特邀上海青少年科学社优秀学生会员<span style="color: black;">构成</span>科普翻译团,<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">朋友</span>们自己的视角,<span style="color: black;">诠释</span>科学<span style="color: black;">背面</span>的故事,带领<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的小伙伴学科学、爱科学,共读最前沿、最有趣的科普<span style="color: black;">新闻</span>。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">科普翻译团第42期</strong></span></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Is it an ant?Is it a plant?No,it‘s a spider!</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">这是蚂蚁吗?是植物吗?不,这是只蜘蛛!</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Summary:A species of tiny, colorful jumping spider employs two lines
of defense to avoid being eaten: camouflaging with plants and walking like an
ant. Researchers report that this combination of camouflage and movement
mimicry helps the spiders evade spider-eating spiders but does not deter hungry
praying mantises.</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">概要:一种小型的彩色跳蛛有两种避免自己被吃掉的手段:披上和植物颜色<span style="color: black;">类似</span>的<span style="color: black;">守护</span>色、以及模仿蚂蚁爬行。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,结合<span style="color: black;">守护</span>色和<span style="color: black;">行径</span>模仿能<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>这些蜘蛛规避食蛛蜘蛛,却不会惊动那饥饿的螳螂。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Mimicking ants is a good defense
option because they do not make for good eating; ants often have spiny defenses
and biting mandibles (and theyre not afraid to fight back), and many also
carry chemical repellants or venom. Though the focal spider of this study
--Siler collingwoodi -- was
already known to move in an ant-like fashion, the researchers wanted to know
how accurate its mimicry is, whether it mimics more than one ant species, and
how effective this mimicry is at discouraging predators.</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">模仿蚂蚁是一个很好的防御方式,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>蚂蚁不适合捕食。蚂蚁<span style="color: black;">一般</span>有带刺的防御和能撕咬的下颚(它们还敢于反抗),还有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>蚂蚁携带化学防护剂或毒素。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员想要<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">这次</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>的焦点--移动方式像蚂蚁<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的科氏翠蛛--,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>它模仿得到底有多精确,它<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>只模仿一种蚂蚁以及它的模仿足不足以劝退捕食者。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">The research team also explored the
role of the spiders brilliant coloration. "Unlike typical ant-mimicking
spiders that mimic the brown or black body color of ants,S. collingwoodi has brilliant body
coloration," says first author Hua Zeng, an ecologist at Peking
University. "From a humans perspective, it seems to blend well with plants in its
environment, but we wanted to test whether their body coloration served as
camouflage to protect against predators."</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>团队还探索了蜘蛛绝佳自然色彩的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>“与典型的其他会模仿蚂蚁的棕色或黑色体色的蜘蛛<span style="color: black;">区别</span>,科氏跳蛛的自然色彩<span style="color: black;">非常</span>精妙。”,Hua Zeng, 一名北京大学的环境学家说到,“从人类的<span style="color: black;">方向</span>来看,它和他的环境融合得很好, 但<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>想要<span style="color: black;">认识</span>的是它们的自然色彩<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>能在捕食者面前<span style="color: black;">守护</span>自己。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">To understand how ant-mimicry helps
these spiders avoid being eaten, the researchers collected wild ant-mimicking
spiders from four geographic locations in southern Hainan, China, and brought
them back to the lab. For comparison, they also collected another type of
jumping spider that doesnt mimic ants, as well as five co-occurring ant
species that they thought might serve as models.</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为了<span style="color: black;">认识</span>蜘蛛是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>模仿蚂蚁避免自己被捕食的,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员收集了来自中国海南的四种地理地形的野生模仿蚂蚁的蜘蛛,把它们带回了实验室。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>还收集了另一种不模仿蚂蚁的跳蛛,以及五种相对应的蚂蚁种群<span style="color: black;">做为</span>对照。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Back in the lab, the researchers
characterized and compared how the ants and spiders moved in terms of how they
used individual limbs, as well as their speed, acceleration, and whether they
followed a straight path or took a more tortuous trajectory.</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员在实验室中描述和对比了蚂蚁和蜘蛛移动时动用的肢体,速度、加速,以及它们的行走路线是笔直还是弯曲的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">They found that, rather than jumping
like most jumping spiders,S.
collingwoodi move like ants: by raising their front legs to
mimic an ants antennae, bobbing their abdomens, and lifting their legs to walk
in an ant-like manner. Of the five ant species, the spiders walking style most
closely resembled the three smaller ant species, who are also closer to it in
size.</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>科氏跳蛛与<span style="color: black;">通常</span>的跳蛛<span style="color: black;">区别</span>,不会跳跃,反而举起它们的前肢假装蚂蚁的触角,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>抬起腹腔和腿模仿蚂蚁的姿态。在那五个蚂蚁种类中, 蜘蛛的行走方式和与<span style="color: black;">她们</span>体型<span style="color: black;">类似</span>的三种较小的蚂蚁<span style="color: black;">同样</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">"S. collingwoodiis not necessarily a perfect mimic,
because its gait and trajectory showed high similarity with multiple ant
species," says Zeng. "Being a general mimic rather than perfectly
mimicking one ant species could benefit the spiders by allowing them to expand
their range if the ant models occupy different habitats."</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“科氏跳蛛的模仿不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>是完美的,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它的步态和轨迹与许多蚂蚁种类高度<span style="color: black;">类似</span>,”Zeng说,“<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>蚂蚁模特占据<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的栖息地,<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>一种<span style="color: black;">通常</span>的模仿而不是完美地模仿一种蚂蚁物种<span style="color: black;">能够</span>让蜘蛛扩大它们的范围,从而使它们受益。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Next, the researchers tested the
spiders defenses against two likely predators: a similarly sized jumping
spider with color vision that specializes in preying upon other spiders (Portia labiata) and a praying mantis (Gonypeta brunneri) that is a generalist
predator with a monochromatic visual system.</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">接下来,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员测试了这种蜘蛛对两种可能的捕食者的防御能力:一种<span style="color: black;">体积</span><span style="color: black;">类似</span>的跳跃蜘蛛,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>色觉,专门捕食其他蜘蛛(唇口蛛);另一种是螳螂,它是一种<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>单色视觉系统的全能捕食者。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">To explore the role of color
camouflage, the researchers modeled how the two predators would perceiveS. collingwoodi relative to the
other prey species against the bac<span style="color: black;">公斤</span>round of two plants that the spiders live
on -- the red-flowering West Indian jasmine (Ixora
chinensis) and the Fukien tea tree (Carmona microphylla). They found that the ant-mimicking
spiders were better camouflaged from both spider and praying mantis predators
on the jasmine plant than the tea tree plant.</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为了<span style="color: black;">科研</span>伪装色的<span style="color: black;">道理</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员模拟了这两种捕食者在科氏跳蛛赖以<span style="color: black;">存活</span>的两种植物--红花西印度茉莉和福建茶树--上是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>感知这种蜘蛛的,相<span style="color: black;">针对</span>其他猎物而言。<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,模仿蚂蚁的蜘蛛更能在茉莉花上躲避其他跳蛛和螳螂。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">When the predators were given the
choice of the ant-mimicking spider and the other jumping spider, the predatory
spider was more likely to attack the non-mimic; out of 17 trials, the spider
launched 5 attacks, all of which were towards the non-mimic. Praying mantises,
however, attacked both prey species with equal alacrity.</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当捕食者<span style="color: black;">选取</span>模仿蚂蚁的蜘蛛和另一种跳蛛时,捕食性蜘蛛更有可能攻击非模仿者;在17次<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中,蜘蛛发动了5次攻击,所有攻击都是针对非模仿者的。然而,螳螂以<span style="color: black;">一样</span>的敏捷攻击了这两种猎物。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">"We initially thought that both
predators would behave similarly in the antipredation experiments, but in fact
the simulated ant locomotion ofSiler
collingwoodi only worked for the jumping spider predator,
while the praying mantis showed indiscriminate attacks on both ants and
mimics," says senior author Wei Zhang, an evolutionary ecologist at Peking
University.</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">北京大学进化生态学家、资深作者Wei Zhang<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>:“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>最初认为,这两种食肉动物在反捕食实验中的<span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">类似</span>,但事实上,科氏跳蛛的模拟蚂蚁运动只适用于食肉跳蛛,而螳螂则对蚂蚁和模拟蚂蚁的蜘蛛进行了不分青红皂白的攻击。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">This difference might be driven by
each predators likelihood of being injured from eating an ant. The praying
mantises are much larger than their prey, so they can get away with eating
spiny ants without risking grave injury, but this is not the case for the
predatory spiders.</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这种差异可能<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>每种捕食者因吃蚂蚁而受伤的可能性<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的。螳螂比猎物大得多,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>它们<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在不冒严重受伤<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下吃掉多刺的蚂蚁,但捕食性蜘蛛的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>并非如此。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">"For the spider predator, a
random attack on an ant could result in injury, so they are very careful
predators and will only attack if they can distinguishS. collingwoodi from ants with a
high degree of certainty," says Zhang.</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Zhang说:“<span style="color: black;">针对</span>蜘蛛捕食者<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,对蚂蚁的随机攻击可能会<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">损伤</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>它们是非常小心的捕食者,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>当它们能够高度确定地区分柯林伍德蛛和蚂蚁时,它们才会攻击。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">However, losing a limb compromised
the ant-mimicking spiders ability to avoid the predatory spiders attention,
probably by preventing them from accurately mimicking ants.</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然而,失去一条腿可能会妨碍模仿蚂蚁的蜘蛛准确地模仿蚂蚁,从而损害了模仿蚂蚁的蛛躲避捕食者<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的能力。</span></p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Story Source:</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Cell Press</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">故事<span style="color: black;">源自</span>:</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">细胞出版社</span></strong></p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">科技英语词汇</span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">mandible</span><span style="color: black;">n.下颌骨</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">coloration n. 自然色彩</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">camouflage n. <span style="color: black;">守护</span>色</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">trajectory n.轨迹</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">compromise v.妥协</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">mantis n.螳螂</span></p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">——</span></span><span style="color: black;">倪嘉栎 上海外国语大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>外国语学校</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">译者说:</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这次</span>翻译我<span style="color: black;">选取</span>了来自细胞出版社的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,其<span style="color: black;">重点</span>内容是:一种小型的彩色跳蛛有两种避免自己被吃掉的手段:披上和植物颜色<span style="color: black;">类似</span>的<span style="color: black;">守护</span>色、以及模仿蚂蚁爬行。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,结合<span style="color: black;">守护</span>色和<span style="color: black;">行径</span>模仿能<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>这些蜘蛛规避食蛛蜘蛛,却不会惊动那饥饿的螳螂。在翻译过程中,我不仅学习了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>生物学的知识,还<span style="color: black;">认识</span>到了中英互译中用词准确的重要性。</span></p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
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