癌症疫苗有望在2030年前面世,人类离战胜癌症又近了一步
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">癌症每年夺走数百万人的生命,<span style="color: black;">始终</span>是医学界难以<span style="color: black;">解决</span>的难关。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有一种癌症疫苗,能像牛痘战胜天花<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>人类战胜癌症,那该多好!好<span style="color: black;">信息</span>是,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>离这一设想又近了一步。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">据《卫报》16日<span style="color: black;">报告</span>,德国生物技术<span style="color: black;">机构</span>BioNTech的创始人在做客BBC访谈节目时<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">基于mRNA技术的癌症疫苗有望在2030年前<span style="color: black;">面世</span>,可用于<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>摧毁癌细胞。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/oAnOK7fw2F1qDiaDEm0dpukJ05DQVhO8wP8pY4gudx5xMegxuSCibHtGceHbiaoSXKoIibaafhc5LYYTibz3cvcVm2A/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(<span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:《卫报》截图)</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">1</strong><strong style="color: blue;">新冠疫苗技术立大功?</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">BioNTech是欧洲最大生物技术独角兽,与美国辉瑞合作<span style="color: black;">开发</span>生产了mRNA新冠疫苗。在新冠疫情之前,BioNTech<span style="color: black;">始终</span>在<span style="color: black;">科研</span>mRNA癌症疫苗;疫情<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>后便转而<span style="color: black;">开发</span>新冠疫苗。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">创始人图雷利<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,新冠疫苗的<span style="color: black;">开发</span>推动了BioNTech在<span style="color: black;">开发</span>癌症疫苗方面的工作,<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>了人体免疫系统对mRNA疫苗的反应<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">把握</span>了大规模生产mRNA疫苗的能力,将和<span style="color: black;">药物</span>监管<span style="color: black;">公司</span>沟通,加速推动疫苗的<span style="color: black;">准许</span>上市进程。<span style="color: black;">据说</span>,BioNTech现有几种癌症疫苗正<span style="color: black;">处在</span>临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">自疫情<span style="color: black;">爆发</span><span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,新冠疫苗的应用展现出了mRNA技术的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>。新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的表面有一种叫做刺突蛋白的蛋白质,人体免疫细胞能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>刺突蛋白来识别病毒并对其进行攻击。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">传统疫苗的思路是,往人体注射灭活病毒颗粒<span style="color: black;">或</span>刺突蛋白,以形成免疫记忆。而</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">mRNA疫苗不携带识别病毒的代码,直接利用<span style="color: black;">包括</span>癌症抗原的遗传指令</span></strong><span style="color: black;">(覆盖在肿瘤细胞表面的蛋白质)——冠状病毒上<span style="color: black;">没</span>害的刺突蛋白的RNA被编码提取后进入<span style="color: black;">身体</span>,人体细胞吸收后就能转变成生产刺突蛋白的微型工厂,从而激活自然免疫反应,更快速更有效地攻击病毒。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/oAnOK7fw2F1qDiaDEm0dpukJ05DQVhO8wXYsCv8ufDCicphOeXBaDibK8UQDM60T0IQq04ra2uT2oVvSRrbyV69SQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">新型冠状病毒刺突蛋白在原子尺度上的 3D 图像(<span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:Science)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">既然病毒<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>这种方式被摧毁,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>采取<span style="color: black;">一样</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来寻找和摧毁癌细胞:<span style="color: black;">经过</span>接种癌症疫苗,人体能<span style="color: black;">起步</span>免疫系统,攻击肿瘤细胞。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span>都<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>,人体有一道抵御病毒的先天免疫系统防线,吞噬细胞会在<span style="color: black;">身体</span>巡逻,一旦识别出肿瘤细胞,就会把癌细胞的特征(癌抗原)告诉淋巴细胞,由淋巴细胞<span style="color: black;">精细</span>打击癌细胞。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然而,肿瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>正常细胞转变分化而成,免疫系统<span style="color: black;">没</span>法将其识别为有健康威胁的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>细胞。癌症疫苗技术,正是利用肿瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">关联</span>抗原,来唤醒人体针对癌症的免疫系统,重新识别和攻击肿瘤细胞。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/oAnOK7fw2F1qDiaDEm0dpukJ05DQVhO8wYWBJ3m6CHa0xCLBPxzH6oykEREfUn4gEVL7uPLlUC6cKWoT4zHtg6g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">必须</span>强调的是,BioNTech<span style="color: black;">开发</span>的mRNA疫苗属于治疗性疫苗,打了之后并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>预防癌症,而是<span style="color: black;">促进</span>免疫系统破坏癌细胞,从而预防肿瘤的复发。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>,BioNTech正在<span style="color: black;">开发</span>针对直肠癌、黑色素瘤和其他癌症的mRNA疗法,但仍面临重大<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>。因为<span style="color: black;">形成</span>肿瘤的癌细胞中可能含有多种不同的蛋白质,想要制造一种能针对所有癌细胞而不伤及健康组织的疫苗,极为困难。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">截止</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span>为止,仍<span style="color: black;">无</span>一种疫苗能预防所有的癌症。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">0</strong><strong style="color: blue;">2</strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>癌症疫苗在路上</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">除了免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂、过继性细胞免疫疗法之外,癌症疫苗是癌症免疫疗法中最新的一种治疗方式,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是免疫治疗的第三张王牌。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">没</span>论是用于预防传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>,还是预防和治疗癌症,疫苗发挥<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的机制都是类似的:<span style="color: black;">经过</span>改造的基因或抗原来<span style="color: black;">增多</span>免疫反应,<span style="color: black;">精细</span>靶向癌细胞表面存在的特殊蛋白质,特异性地消除癌细胞,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>不<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>正常的细胞。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/oAnOK7fw2F1qDiaDEm0dpukJ05DQVhO8wQ7JbVaYDfic8pGvloEBGanORTpNFdtg22YLQws3sxWHL9XOxLPYX8aQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“癌症疫苗”<span style="color: black;">始终</span>是抗癌<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的梦想。与化疗和放疗相比,癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">一般</span>不会产生严重的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,疫苗还能防止癌症复发,清除治疗后残留的癌细胞。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">过去的30年中,癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">已然</span>在动物模型和人类中进行了广泛的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,<span style="color: black;">触及</span>多种不同类型的癌症。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">如今已有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">面世</span>,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>预防性疫苗和治疗性疫苗。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1. 宫颈癌疫苗:<span style="color: black;">独一</span>可预防癌症的疫苗</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">宫颈癌是中国女性生殖道<span style="color: black;">第1</span>恶性肿瘤,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是当前<span style="color: black;">少许</span>可防可控的恶性肿瘤之一。接种HPV疫苗,是预防HPV感染的有效<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,是防控宫颈癌的一级预防<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2. 前列腺癌疫苗:<span style="color: black;">不可</span>防,但能治</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2010年,美国FDA正式<span style="color: black;">准许</span>首个治疗性肿瘤疫苗——Provenge®,用于治疗激素<span style="color: black;">没</span>效的<span style="color: black;">没</span>症状或症状轻微的转移性前列腺。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3. 肺癌疫苗:破解PD-1耐药,<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率远超预设</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2020年,OSE<span style="color: black;">机构</span>宣布其新型抗癌疫苗Tedopi在非小细胞肺癌的Ⅲ期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>取得了阳性结果,入组<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂(PD-1)耐药或失败后,二线或三线<span style="color: black;">运用</span>Tedopi疫苗,一年的总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率达到46%,远超预设的25%!</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4. 个性化基因疫苗:对多种癌症有效</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2021年美国癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>协会大会(AACR)<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,新型癌症疫苗PGV-001(个性化基因疫苗001)针对13类不同的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>耐受性良好,延长了<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期,有望阻止癌症的复发。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这是一款专门用于标准治疗后的辅助性治疗疫苗,有助于清除<span style="color: black;">身体</span>残存的癌细胞,可用于治疗多种类型的肿瘤,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>骨髓瘤、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、肺癌和头颈癌等。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>这款癌症疫苗还<span style="color: black;">处在</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/oAnOK7fw2F1qDiaDEm0dpukJ05DQVhO8w14nlQTg1DicMPOIx6e8ZZ5Mt2cZ2xRo3tB6Sd27VAXPfIVV763ibBjOw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">黑色素瘤、肺癌、乳腺癌……除了<span style="color: black;">以上</span>这些,还有许多癌症疫苗在临床上取得突破性成果,有些国家的疫苗已进入应用<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>术后可<span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>疫苗联合放化疗辅助治疗,杀伤残余癌细胞,产生免疫记忆,预防癌症复发和转移。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/oAnOK7fw2F1qDiaDEm0dpukJ05DQVhO8wrVbicWXOxQ9ZcGpJenFJQkORRS0bhpFbFsrRYkEXN9m97ictqrOkUmkg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">癌症疫苗的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来了治疗新<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>,当然,前路漫漫非坦途,为实现个体化癌症治疗,真正<span style="color: black;">解决</span>癌症,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>仍<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>和<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">道路虽曲折,但前途是光明的。相信随着技术的革新和医学的进步,人类终将找到治愈癌症的良方,免受病痛侵害。期待这一天尽早到来!</span></p>
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