甲状腺癌被叫作作“好癌”,那还要不要手术呢?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">全世界甲状腺癌的发病率正在<span style="color: black;">提升</span>。在国内,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>甲状腺癌的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>越来越多。<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>会<span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>手术切除癌肿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,甲状腺癌的预后太好了,<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率很高,对人体的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>和<span style="color: black;">害处</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>比较低,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>不管是专业人士还是普通<span style="color: black;">公众</span>都将甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“好癌”。有人<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>提出,既然是“好癌”,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不手术是不是<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>问题呢?甲状腺癌治疗会不会存在过度诊断和过度治疗的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240405/b069614db4c14b99ba4612744d9e1e2f.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.“好癌”具备的<span style="color: black;">前提</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">近年来,甲状腺癌患病人数的<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>微小乳头状癌的检出率<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了。微小乳头状癌<span style="color: black;">指的是</span><span style="color: black;">体积</span>不超过1厘米的甲状腺癌。<span style="color: black;">所说</span>“好癌”,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>要满足的<span style="color: black;">前提</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">体积</span>不超过1厘米,其次还应该是低<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的甲状腺癌。<span style="color: black;">那些</span>是低<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的甲状腺癌呢?<span style="color: black;">无</span>淋巴结转移和远处转移,肿瘤<span style="color: black;">无</span>突破甲状腺包膜,<span style="color: black;">无</span>侵犯气管、喉返神经以及甲状腺<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织,穿刺病理不是高危类型。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.手术存在<span style="color: black;">消极</span>影响</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">低<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的乳头状甲状腺癌的传统治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">所有</span>或部分切除甲状腺,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>微小乳头状癌<span style="color: black;">或</span>更大的乳头状癌。做完手术后,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>终身<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>甲状腺激素来替代治疗,有的时候还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>进行放射性碘治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人存在一个误区,认为手术在很大程度上减轻了<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的痛苦,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>甲状腺癌的治疗首选手术。然而,<span style="color: black;">近期</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,与<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的症状和认知相比,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>可能低估了甲状腺癌手术治疗的<span style="color: black;">消极</span>影响。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在甲状腺切除术后,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>经常会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>吞咽或发声方面的不适。<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会受到<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性疲劳和不良心理的影响。疲劳<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>切除甲状腺后甲状腺素水平<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>的。心理方面的<span style="color: black;">困惑</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>是对癌症复发的恐惧。这种恐惧可能会在手术治疗后<span style="color: black;">连续</span>数年,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>多达48%的甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>术后会产生这种恐惧,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生活质量受到严重影响。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>对治疗及其效果的不确定性和对<span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果的预期,会加剧担忧和焦虑。例如,甲状腺球蛋白有时<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>判断肿瘤<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>复发、转移的指标,<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>检测。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在甲状腺球蛋白的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果出来之前,会紧张焦虑。#昆明中研甲状腺医院#</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3.积极监测随访或是更好<span style="color: black;">选取</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>,积极监测随访是前列腺癌公认的治疗<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。人们对低<span style="color: black;">危害</span>甲状腺癌积极监测的兴趣<span style="color: black;">亦</span>日益<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">日本外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>士宫崎骏(Akira Miyauchi)向传统的甲状腺癌外科治疗模式提出了挑战。1993年,他<span style="color: black;">起始</span>对日本库马医院的甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行积极监测<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,为期22年。<span style="color: black;">所说</span>积极监测<span style="color: black;">便是</span>主动对甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行密切随访,而不是直接做手术,除非有<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>的证据或<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的意愿<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了变化。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>中有1179名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受了积极的监测,并接受了平均47个月的随访,<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>甲状腺癌死亡,<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>远处转移。1179名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中的1085名(92.0%)避免了甲状腺切除手术,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>51名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>(4.3%)在<span style="color: black;">无</span>甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">发展</span>的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,因个人意愿,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>进行了甲状腺切除。这个<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>对<span style="color: black;">选取</span>这一治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>接受度很高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">日本的这个小组还深入<span style="color: black;">科研</span>了<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的心理认知<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,尽管超过1/3的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>报告说会担心自己的癌症,但有83%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>对接受积极的监测感到满意。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的担心程度以及担心的比例随着时间的推移而下降。<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的担心<span style="color: black;">源自</span>于对癌症<span style="color: black;">发展</span>的担忧或<span style="color: black;">必须</span>手术治疗的恐惧。笔者将这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>与甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受手术治疗的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>论文进行间接比较,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>积极的监测不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>会加剧与癌症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的担忧。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/q_70/images01/20240405/feea498ecd3742638ca6722971bb1d53.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">4.什么<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>暂时不手术</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对于低<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的甲状腺癌,是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>观察、积极监测的,不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>非得做手术。低<span style="color: black;">危害</span>甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能够满足以下<span style="color: black;">前提</span>,就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>暂时不手术,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>要密切观察。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.肿瘤<span style="color: black;">少于</span>1厘米。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.<span style="color: black;">无</span>淋巴结转移或远处转移。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.肿瘤<span style="color: black;">无</span>突破甲状腺包膜,<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>气管、喉返神经以及甲状腺<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的侵犯。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.穿刺病理不是高危类型。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.<span style="color: black;">无</span>甲状腺癌家族史。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.<span style="color: black;">没</span>青少年或童年时期射线暴露史。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.<span style="color: black;">病人</span>心理压力不大,能积极<span style="color: black;">协同</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8.<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有接受随访的意愿,<span style="color: black;">自己</span>健康<span style="color: black;">情况</span><span style="color: black;">准许</span>,有<span style="color: black;">前提</span>接受随访。<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛:http://www.fok120.com/</span>,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">责任编辑:网友投稿</span></p>
我完全同意你的观点,说得太对了。 我深感你的理解与共鸣,愿对话长流。 期待与你深入交流,共探知识的无穷魅力。
页:
[1]