基于形态学空间格局分析和电路理论的生态网络构建与优化
<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/jIcaBle0dFDPjYlzpx8JpbZZF3cKfMLc4XTKrbogT2F0clKo3FicwUOXp3pjwIetoUNIOM247Dict3DIvSPpx4Qw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hByOOCRUvcQEQib9sYh2BUIGbdcXZ6ibjKQeDBQIcEOeFRcNXXyhPmXgjNDF9vZibJuJYFibZVYPicqjHvPpNQx9WBg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 本文字数:<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2117字</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">阅读时间:<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6分钟</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">摘要</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">背景</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">区域生态网络在生物多样性<span style="color: black;">守护</span>中发挥着重要<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用来建设和优化生态系统的可<span style="color: black;">连续</span>功能。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">目的</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">以中国西南部的一个热带地区为<span style="color: black;">科研</span>区域,</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">文案</span>旨在关注踏脚石的重要性</span><span style="color: black;">,</span><span style="color: black;">提出一种针对受人类干扰的亚洲象的生态网络构建新<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">办法</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">结合</span><span style="color: black;">形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)和斑块重要性指数(PC)</span><span style="color: black;">提取源区。<span style="color: black;">而后</span>利用</span><span style="color: black;">电路理论</span><span style="color: black;">构建了一个连接源区的网络。为了优化生态网络,在走廊的断裂处添加了踏步石。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">结果</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">自1990年<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>区南部关键走廊的质量有所改善,但很少有走廊连接南部与中部、北部地区。与2015年的生态网络相比,平均电流密度<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了一倍多,潜在走廊面积优化后从<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了约8倍,8.07到65.05<span style="color: black;">km2</span>。南北之间的连通性<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>,<span style="color: black;">全部</span>区域的景观连通性得到改善。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">结论</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>综合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>MSPA和PC指数,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有效地确定源区。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>还证实,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>走廊识别结果<span style="color: black;">选取</span>的小踏步石对改善景观连通性有很大影响。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>为源地的<span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了一种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,对生态网络的规划和优化<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>重要的参考价值。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/jIcaBle0dFDPjYlzpx8JpbZZF3cKfMLcOe7JsPrcsiayGF0Rgkweia0ZY7ULMribib5FfT4uicKHiblctLiclibiazjaANQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图1 技术路线</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">关键词:生态网络,景观连通性,MSPA,勐海</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">背景</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.随着现代经济和社会的发展,人为干扰和众多其他<span style="color: black;">原因</span>不仅<span style="color: black;">引起</span>栖息地斑块面积减少,<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>自然景观基质面积减少。<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">创立</span>生态网络是改善栖息地斑块之间连通性的有效<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.生态网络<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>结构或功能<span style="color: black;">办法</span>构建。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>直接<span style="color: black;">选取</span>森林斑块或<span style="color: black;">守护</span>区<span style="color: black;">做为</span>野生动物的源区,但这种<span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>的主观干扰<span style="color: black;">很强</span>,并且该<span style="color: black;">办法</span>违反了景观适宜性和良好<span style="color: black;">达到</span>性的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>原则</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>试图<span style="color: black;">处理</span>以下问题:(1)<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>从结构和过程的<span style="color: black;">方向</span>定量<span style="color: black;">评估</span>核心区的相对重要性,科学确定亚洲象的生态源区;(2)<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>结合MSPA和电路理论构建生态网络;(3)<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>构建亚洲象的生态源区,以及<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>更好地利用现有栖息地<span style="color: black;">做为</span>踏脚石和走廊,优化生态网络。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>可为改善<span style="color: black;">科研</span>区景观连通性<span style="color: black;">供给</span>重要参考,对其他区域生态网络的规划和优化<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>重要<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>区域</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>区<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>勐海县东部,共1873.6<span style="color: black;">km2</span>。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>区域为热带和亚热带气候,受西南季风影响,<span style="color: black;">持有</span>丰富的动植物资源,其中,亚洲象已被列为国家一级<span style="color: black;">守护</span>动物。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>亚洲象更难适应生态环境,分布范围正在缩小。随着森林植被的破坏和人类威胁的<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,亚洲象濒临灭绝。数据<span style="color: black;">运用</span>30mx30m精度。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/jIcaBle0dFDPjYlzpx8JpbZZF3cKfMLcdpmQ7Dmp8uBELLJkPtafdlTaBjmFSBpny826ib3upVDHj2ibooMELBwA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图2 <span style="color: black;">科研</span>区域</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">研</strong><strong style="color: blue;">究路径</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">基于MSPA的景观格局分析</strong></span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/jIcaBle0dFDPjYlzpx8JpbZZF3cKfMLcgx5iaVdibQgenhe4sXibPjzHSZj2M56WibeYzz0rQCWyuP4APfsHmJwiciaA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表1 MSPA格局<span style="color: black;">归类</span>及生态学含义</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>区域的土地利用图,林地被用作MSPA的前景,其他土地利用类型被用作背景。边缘宽度设置为30m,满足亚洲象<span style="color: black;">需要</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">亚洲象生态源区的确定</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">连接性概率(PC)和斑块重要性值(dPCs)是衡量景观格局和功能的重要指标,能更好地反映连接性水平,在本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,斑块连接的距离阈值设定为500米,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">保证</span>亚洲象的成功迁移,从1990年到2015年,对超过100000<span style="color: black;">m2</span>的核心斑块的连通性水平进行了定量<span style="color: black;">评定</span>。10个最高DPC的核心斑块被确定为生物物种<span style="color: black;">生长</span>和繁殖的源区。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">生态网络建设</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>Circuitscape4.0软件,用于执行电路理论计算并输出<span style="color: black;">表率</span>景观连通度的电流密度图。为了更好地反映景观连通性的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>并确定生态走廊的重要性程度,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>Zonation mode排名前10%的网格被确定为关键走廊区域。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/jIcaBle0dFDPjYlzpx8JpbZZF3cKfMLckicwiaek6TicuJdd7iaoqKRE1gQFsgB4gc7SzRJ9hmVHTf12zgz1CO1Jmg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">表2 电路理论元素的生态<span style="color: black;">道理</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">生态网络的优化</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">生态网络的优化<span style="color: black;">重点</span>基于景观连通性的改善,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>踏脚石的<span style="color: black;">增多</span>和生态走廊的优化。走廊优化<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>走廊数量和<span style="color: black;">加强</span>走廊质量。在本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,为了<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">全部</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>区域的景观连通性,<span style="color: black;">选取</span>了<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>走廊断裂<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的四个核心斑块<span style="color: black;">做为</span>踏脚石,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>比较了添加四块踏步石前后的生态网络。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">结果</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.<span style="color: black;">科研</span>区的“绿色景观”资源逐年减少。草地、湿地、居民区和人工林面积<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>。孤岛数量<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,核心区和桥梁减少</span>。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/jIcaBle0dFDPjYlzpx8JpbZZF3cKfMLckkHRHvYfPoichp9EF97nJnGicHsExpPISjp5bF49pibwQgFzcATIn0jicQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图3 基于MSPA的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>区模式<span style="color: black;">归类</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.dPC值排名结果的前10个核心区域列为源区域。<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是大型生态斑块,如漫高自然<span style="color: black;">守护</span>区、纳班河流域国家自然<span style="color: black;">守护</span>区和其他能够有效储存能量的森林。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/jIcaBle0dFDPjYlzpx8JpbZZF3cKfMLcSzSuk9gZOczs2GpX7BZIyWGlM33fQzR90soTbibvKK3WeShUzseo19Q/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图4 <span style="color: black;">科研</span>区域<span style="color: black;">区别</span>时期亚洲象源区和累积电流密度图。数字是它们的dPC值,<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>核心补丁的重要性</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/jIcaBle0dFDPjYlzpx8JpbZZF3cKfMLcRdMibj4TP2qqI6jBF3Wt0qmj8CTMmIHVG2dZAPh9BoZkwbNPm3408RQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图5 走廊<span style="color: black;">周边</span>踏脚石斑块的位置以及2015年优化前后生态网络的比较</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>采用zonation model对生态网络中走廊的重要性进行排序,当景观移除比例达到90%时,剩余流比率约为40%,这<span style="color: black;">显示</span>顶部10%的景观支撑了大约一半的景观连通性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.<span style="color: black;">因为</span>南部和北部地区之间的连通性较差,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>必须<span style="color: black;">增多</span>阶梯石斑块的建设。在本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>综合<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>核心斑块的重要性及其空间位置后,<span style="color: black;">选取</span>了四个<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>走廊破碎区<span style="color: black;">周边</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>高值DPC的核心斑块<span style="color: black;">做为</span>优化生态网络的踏脚石。目的是修复破碎的走廊,使<span style="color: black;">全部</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>区域<span style="color: black;">作为</span>一个完整的生态网络。2015年优化前最大和平均电流是1.04和0.02,优化后变为2.89和0.05,这<span style="color: black;">显示</span>阶梯石<span style="color: black;">针对</span>改善景观连通性非常重要。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">讨论</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.MSPA与电路理论相结合的<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>实现生态网络从结构连通性向功能连通性的转变,对亚洲象的运动和迁移<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>重要的生态学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.尽管综合<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>相当大的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>,但它仍然面临<span style="color: black;">有些</span>挑战。<span style="color: black;">第1</span>,阻力值设定对生态网络建设产生相当大的影响。然而,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>还<span style="color: black;">无</span>公认的标准。第二,当<span style="color: black;">运用</span>Conefor软件计算景观连通性时,必须设置连接距离阈值,还需要进一步<span style="color: black;">科研</span>以确定该阈值的<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>性。第三,电路理论认为亚洲象的运动<span style="color: black;">行径</span>是一种随机行走,虽然这一假设<span style="color: black;">能够</span>为野生物种<span style="color: black;">供给</span>多个潜在走廊,但它仍然可能忽略<span style="color: black;">实质</span>运动特征的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>细节。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本文编辑:</span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 复旦城市生态中心由复旦大学余兆武博士领衔的</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">城市生态与生态暴露学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>组(Urban Ecology and Ecological Exposure Lab, UEEE)</strong></span><span style="color: black;">负责运营与<span style="color: black;">守护</span>,发布<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>成果,更传播城市生态学最新研究与实践。欢迎<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的专家学者<span style="color: black;">朋友</span>将自己的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">这里</span>发布,让<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>人<span style="color: black;">认识</span>您的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>及工作。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hByOOCRUvcR4yLoSpE9V4w3bzKJibpw3PSwmN3tCNUobSHhtjKibicaxQeglO8N7kAQyprgianzfdJB1ibN12lBOztg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/hByOOCRUvcQIxiabdASqd8wm5kVDNg3L4Cicl48AOWkN6g16aOvDk5wpfPHKRB3f6IHcARZFNrs1MniaZFibFKr68A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
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