利用“4P和4C”矩阵,重新理解市场营销
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">什么是市场营销?<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">想要</span>真正地去理解市场营销,关键是要学会洞察4P和4C<span style="color: black;">背面</span>的<span style="color: black;">规律</span>、角色及它们之间的联系。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/RRdQMGc7gaK5ww~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725683583&x-signature=P8ovXRnt0vh3TPw9anTZCZ2HTmc%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">相信大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>营销人都有以下我<span style="color: black;">这般</span>类似的经历和困惑:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在我之前就职的一家口腔医院,当<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>介绍专业知识时,财务介绍资金计划时,人事部介绍<span style="color: black;">机构</span>愿景时,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>都很安静,偶尔才会有人举手谦虚<span style="color: black;">小心</span>的提一两个问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">等讲到<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的市场营销时,<span style="color: black;">全部</span>气氛<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>活跃了起来,无论是<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>还是财务,每一个人都踊跃参与讨论,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人都俨然是市场营销专家。<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>当时<span style="color: black;">机构</span>聘用的营销总监即使从<span style="color: black;">无</span>学过任何营销<span style="color: black;">基本</span>知识,<span style="color: black;">无</span>真正做过一天营销,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能坐在营销总监<span style="color: black;">这般</span>重要的位置。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人都是营销专家?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">广泛</span>认为:市场营销只是运用常识<span style="color: black;">罢了</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">遗憾的是,常识其实是最不平常的见识,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人的常识都不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在营销<span style="color: black;">行业</span>里,4P和4C虽然被大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人认为只是<span style="color: black;">基本</span>常识,但其实4P和4C并<span style="color: black;">不易</span>被理解。正如芒格所说:“人们都以为具备常识很简单,其实很难。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>说市场营销是著名的4P和著名的4C。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>说,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>市场营销,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>市场营销经理<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会做市场营销。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,不是<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人都是市场营销专家,而是<span style="color: black;">无</span>一个人是市场营销专家。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">20世纪60年代以前,市场营销的教科书<span style="color: black;">通常</span>都是<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>来编排的——第1章是“消费品的市场营销”,第2章是“工业品的市场营销”,第3章是“服务业的市场营销”,第4章是“农<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的市场营销”等等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1964年的一个早晨,密歇根州立大学的杰罗姆·麦卡锡(Jerome McCarthy)教授一觉醒来,<span style="color: black;">认识</span>到所有的章节<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上都是<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的,都<span style="color: black;">触及</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>、<span style="color: black;">途径</span>、价格和促销。于是,他发明了现今闻名于世的4P的市场营销组合。这本教科书使他<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>百万富翁,而此前的教科书则惨遭淘汰。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/RRdQMGrIyErS~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725683583&x-signature=Vq82x%2BiJfRJHrKmDRZE0oVUjLp4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>,北卡罗来纳大学的詹姆斯L.奈特(James L.Knight)教席的<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>学教授鲍勃·劳特伯恩(Bob Lauterborn)对市场营销的4P理论提出了<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的意见。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">他指出:4P反映的是市场营销经理的视角,而做市场营销的人总是敦促<span style="color: black;">大众</span>从客户的<span style="color: black;">方向</span>看问题。换言之,市场营销最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的理论竟然违背了市场营销最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的道理。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/RRdQMH7I9ScaB~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725683583&x-signature=rupDiS80L59mHgosLk1mEy9mQyQ%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,劳特伯恩<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>用4C来取代4P——他认为:4P反映的是企业的视角,而他的4C才反映了客户的视角。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">他<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>指出,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>应该关注以下几个方面:</p>客户的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>,而不是<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。成本,而不是价格。沟通,而不是促销。便利,而不是<span style="color: black;">途径</span>。<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">从此之后,市场上<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了2个重要的营销理论,一个是4P,<span style="color: black;">另一</span>一个是4C。</strong></p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/RRdQMHJ1dZjf3n~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725683583&x-signature=urWlsNOHOhsR0hSZ9M4Hsm6aXxE%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">实质</span>上,虽然理论<span style="color: black;">已然</span>趋于成熟,但<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>传统<span style="color: black;">机构</span>中,依然<span style="color: black;">重点</span>在沿用4P理论,企业的视角依然占据主导。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而真正将4C理论发扬光大的,无疑是以用户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>为主导的互联网<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,类似阿里巴巴、腾讯、小米等<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的互联网<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>极其关注用户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>,用户的便利性及体验感等,在竞争中<span style="color: black;">她们</span>都<span style="color: black;">得到</span>了大规模的用户并获益颇丰。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>问题来了,在<span style="color: black;">实质</span>操作中,<span style="color: black;">到底</span>是4C重要还是4P重要呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实答案是:两者都很重要,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>都需要。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">其实<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>时候,事物之间的<span style="color: black;">区别</span>是显而易见的,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>在这些显而易见的<span style="color: black;">背面</span>,事物<span style="color: black;">背面</span>的<span style="color: black;">规律</span>、规律及相互之间的联系却是<span style="color: black;">很难</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>理解营销时,重要的并不是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>了什么是4P和4C,还是什么4S<span style="color: black;">或</span>4R。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>需要洞察的是,4P和4C<span style="color: black;">背面</span>的<span style="color: black;">规律</span>、角色及它们之间的联系。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>:在<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>下一盘象棋时,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>要做的并不是简单的去理解什么是“将”,什么是“炮”。真正的<span style="color: black;">能手</span>是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>移动棋子,利用各个棋子之间的联系,制造相对稳定的格局,为自己带来持久的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>,让对手形成持久的弱势。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在下棋的过程中,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>棋子的角色<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会随着局势<span style="color: black;">出现</span>变化,有时候一个棋子会承载冲锋杀敌的角色,有时候这同一个棋子去要承载防守的角色。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本文<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不谈<span style="color: black;">详细</span>什么是4P或4C,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>只探讨一件事情:4P和4C各要素之间的联系及角色定义。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>什么<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>4P和4C之间的联系及角色定义呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其中一个<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是:借助矩阵工具,打破各要素之间的边界,重新<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>内在的联系及角色定义。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">目录</h2>市场营销工具—“4P”矩阵客户体验—“4C”矩阵战略组合—4P与4C矩阵<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>市场营销工具—“4P”矩阵</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>理解“4P”的时候,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人可能是<span style="color: black;">这般</span>理解的:</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/RRdQMHXBQFjIQ6~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725683583&x-signature=m614mJjFqnVToAbuUBK2izM8O0w%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在过去,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>是针对某一个要素独立进行讨论的,说到<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的时候<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>关注的可能<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>的功能,而说到价格<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>关注的可能<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>为<span style="color: black;">制品</span>定价。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>重新转化视角,让“4P”之间<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>有界限呢?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>得到下面这个矩阵图</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/RRdQMW7HblREde~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725683583&x-signature=fiELlhIGvg%2FiFpU7ur%2BqUlzbPxg%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>:<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>将其中的部分要素重新组合和重新定义角色。</p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">1. 宣传-<span style="color: black;">制品</span></h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>任何一款<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>都<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>它需要营销人做包装宣传。否则,即使它再优秀,<span style="color: black;">无</span>人<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>这款<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的话,它<span style="color: black;">亦</span>只能躺在<span style="color: black;">机构</span>里。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会比较<span style="color: black;">熟练</span>,<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>所学习的“定位”,其中<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>理论知识<span style="color: black;">已然</span>告诉了<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>为<span style="color: black;">制品</span>做内容宣传。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">举个栗子:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">某房东买了一层物业,将物业分隔成五套两房的简易公寓,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>公寓各有厨房和卫生间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>,面积小且<span style="color: black;">低价</span>的公寓吸引来的是最讨厌的房客。房东的时间都浪费在打发走房客、修补遭破坏的房间<span style="color: black;">设备</span>上了。于是他赶走了所有的房客,准备将房子改回到原来的独家宅居的状态。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">此时</span>,有个营销人却告诉他不必改造<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,这人给他出了个主意:在网站上的“小区房”而不是“公寓”的标题下打<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>。他改造的<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>房间,在 “小区房”这一类里是最贵的(同类中的高价)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这般</span>,他吸引来的房客都是些正经人,在城里上班,家离城区太远,<span style="color: black;">每日</span>从家上下班不方便,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>在城里的小区里租个房间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在这个案例中,当遇到<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的问题时,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人其实与房东<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的第<span style="color: black;">始终</span>觉是重新改造<span style="color: black;">制品</span>功能,以应对挑战。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">房东的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>是个大问题,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span>这个问题的办法是<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">调节</span>宣传内容重新定义<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,这个<span style="color: black;">处理</span>办法比直接改造<span style="color: black;">制品</span>便宜多了。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这儿</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>是个问题,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span>这个问题的办法是<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">调节</span>宣传重新定义<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">类似<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的案例还有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">王老吉最早的宣传内容是“健康生活,美好相伴”,后来<span style="color: black;">经过</span>“定位”改<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>“怕上火,喝王老吉”,重新定义了<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>看到了<span style="color: black;">制品</span>与宣传之间是有着密不可分的联系,任何时候,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>都很难分割开来独立存在。</p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">2. <span style="color: black;">制品</span>-宣传</h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上面<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>讲到了2个要素之间“联系”的重要性,<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>做角色转换呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">——答案是肯定的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>时候,<span style="color: black;">制品</span>本身<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>承载宣传的角色。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">让我<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>都记忆犹新的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>当年的康师傅,这货当年想不见到它都难。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当时康师傅的“再来一瓶”,让<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人喝完了还不敢把“瓶盖”直接扔掉。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">这个时候,<span style="color: black;">制品</span>本身就<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了宣传<span style="color: black;">功效</span>:</strong></p>展示<span style="color: black;">功效</span>——五颜六色“瓶盖”的形象展示。为<span style="color: black;">制品</span>带销量——刺激用户买<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>康师傅<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。高触发频次<span style="color: black;">加强</span>品牌印象——<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的触发频次<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了用户对品牌的感知和 印象。<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">前段时间爆红的星巴克猫爪杯,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>承载了线上制造<span style="color: black;">专题</span>,线下引流的角色,猫爪杯这个时候,它发挥的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>可能不是<span style="color: black;">制品</span>功能本身,而是宣传。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/RRdQMWKHavhSxl~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725683583&x-signature=UzJ%2B4WkdLeo2kRShRVDNMS8eEAw%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">3. <span style="color: black;">制品</span>-<span style="color: black;">途径</span></h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>,<span style="color: black;">制品</span>还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>为<span style="color: black;">途径</span>做引流。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>:当年北京本生活网<span style="color: black;">经过</span>褚橙为网站引流,引流之后<span style="color: black;">同期</span>又带动了网站上其它高端<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>的<span style="color: black;">营销</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">京东当年的图书<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>降价,<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>打击了竞争对手当当网,还为自己引流。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">到底属于哪个P,是<span style="color: black;">制品</span>、<span style="color: black;">途径</span>、价格还是促销,完全取决于你的视角。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PS:剩下的组合呢?当然是各位<span style="color: black;">自动</span>组合及思考。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>客户体验—“4C”矩阵</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一样</span>,<span style="color: black;">做为</span>用户视角,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>将其中的“4C”重新进行组合和角色转换。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而后</span>,讲到客户体验时,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>多<span style="color: black;">方向</span>来思考问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>:<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>将其中的部分要素重新组合和重新定义角色。</strong></p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">1. 用户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>-成本</h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>明明充分满足了用户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>,却依然<span style="color: black;">没法</span>实现<span style="color: black;">营销</span>增长<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>反而给自己带来很差的口碑呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">其中一个重要的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>是:<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在满足了用户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>时,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>无形之中给用户带来了更高的成本。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>:你是卖汉堡包的,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>客户多买你一个汉堡包的成本<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>是多花几十元钱,还<span style="color: black;">包含</span>开车到你店所花的时间。吃肉带来的良心不安,可能还有<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>做顿像样的饭菜给<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>吃而受到的良心谴责。<span style="color: black;">这般</span>算来,你给客户带来的就<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>是以最便宜的价格卖给他最大的汉堡包<span style="color: black;">那样</span>简单了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>:在PC时代,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">持有</span>个人电脑的用户,当电脑<span style="color: black;">显现</span>问题的时候,就需要把电脑送到维修部,并等待<span style="color: black;">最少</span>2-3周的时间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而当年的戴尔,承诺到家或办公室上门维修电脑,大大降低了客户<span style="color: black;">持有</span>个人电脑的总成本,客户就<span style="color: black;">不消</span>先把跟电脑相连的电源等都拔下来,把电脑搬到维修的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>,干等几周<span style="color: black;">无</span>电脑用,再去取电脑,把电脑电源等都插上,<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>修好还是<span style="color: black;">不可</span>用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>:<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">熟练</span>的豆瓣网,在满足了用户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>的同时,还为用户大大降低了时间成本,用户<span style="color: black;">不消</span>再为了一个<span style="color: black;">无</span>看过的烂片,从路上到买电影票再到看完花费3-5个小时的时间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>满足了用户的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>时,还需要<span style="color: black;">持续</span>问自己,满足<span style="color: black;">需要</span>的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>是给用户带来了额外的附加成本还是减少了用户的成本呢?</p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">2. 用户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>-便利</h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>满足了用户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>时,<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>能<span style="color: black;">同期</span>给用户带来便利性呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">——答案<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是肯定的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>:可口可乐满足了用户的基本<span style="color: black;">需要</span>时,还<span style="color: black;">同期</span>给用户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了购买便利性。当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>想要买一瓶可口可乐时,在任何一家超市或无人售卖机都能买到,但<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>饮品却<span style="color: black;">没法</span>做到。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>:某健身馆,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在为用户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>健身<span style="color: black;">需要</span>时,还在城市各个角落<span style="color: black;">创立</span>了分店,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>用户只要在家门口3<span style="color: black;">千米</span>范围内就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>健身,而不必大老远的跑到5<span style="color: black;">千米</span>以外的健身馆。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>:混沌大学,在满足了用户学习的<span style="color: black;">需要</span><span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>为用户带来了便利性,用户足不出户,随时随地就能学习。</p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">3. 用户便利-<span style="color: black;">需要</span></h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>满足了用户便利性时,<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>还能<span style="color: black;">同期</span>给用户带来新的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">——答案<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是肯定的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>,7-11便利店<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>做的:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在便利店最为密集的东京,便利店数量超过5700家,平均每10万人就<span style="color: black;">持有</span>49家便利店。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">便利店在日本<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的服务,从最<span style="color: black;">起始</span>的24小时营业,到支付水电煤、<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>是保险、税金等各类非公共事业费,以及开设ATM机,收发快递,到<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的送货上门,日本便利店把“便利”几乎做到了极致。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7-11便利店除了为用户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了便利的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,还为用户<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>新的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>,堪<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>线下支付宝。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">到底属于哪个C,是用户<span style="color: black;">需要</span>、成本、便利还是沟通,完全取决于你的视角。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PS:当然,还有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>组合,但相信<span style="color: black;">大众</span>肯定会做的更好。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>战略组合—4P与4C矩阵</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一样</span>,4P与4C本来<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>进行组合和<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>:<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>将其中的部分要素重新组合和重新定义角色。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">就能得到以下的思考:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“企业端的4P每一个P为用户端的每一个C<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了<span style="color: black;">那些</span>价值呢?”</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/RRdQMWVAn6Q0cK~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725683583&x-signature=Rq6Opp7F0bF%2BKODzNeuPPu64Ee8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>满足了用户的什么<span style="color: black;">需要</span>?<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>成本<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>为用户降低了成本呢?<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>投放的<span style="color: black;">途径</span>,<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>为用户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了购买便利性呢?我的成本<span style="color: black;">加强</span>后,<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>为用户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了更好的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>我的成本<span style="color: black;">加强</span>后,<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>为用户降低了成本……<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">两两组合,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>组合出多少种新的思考方式呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">最后,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>还需要<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>的是:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">企业端的<span style="color: black;">一起</span>组合出的4P是为用户视角的4C是<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了某一个C还是<span style="color: black;">所有</span>的4个C的价值呢?</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/RRdQMWg1k81YoX~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725683583&x-signature=HAEMLGjPm1wctGpC%2FDQmyMbxLTE%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对任何一个P的投资其实都会影响到所有的C,这就反驳了<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">败兴</span>人们对4P组<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>论的一大批评意见——那<span style="color: black;">便是</span>4P组合是自相矛盾的,一边说组合,一边却将4P一个个割裂开来讨论,<span style="color: black;">无</span>整合统<span style="color: black;">1、</span>融会贯通。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>讨论4P或是4C时,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>先别管<span style="color: black;">到底</span>是4P或是4C重要,而是重新思考看一下4P。一个一个思考一下,<span style="color: black;">那些</span>方面<span style="color: black;">能够</span>进行<span style="color: black;">那些</span>改进,以<span style="color: black;">提高</span>4C,从而<span style="color: black;">提高</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>的业绩。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>矩阵图来<span style="color: black;">指点</span>市场营销组合的决策。一旦你脱离了这些问题的<span style="color: black;">捆绑</span>,开拓思路,就会才思泉涌,想出<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题的妙策。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>许这是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>,当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不看问题,只寻求<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>时,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就摆脱了思维定势的<span style="color: black;">捆绑</span>,更有创造性了,别人<span style="color: black;">无</span>想到的<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>能够想到。说到底,艺术创造<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>问题的<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>一首伟大的新歌,<span style="color: black;">无</span>谱写<span style="color: black;">面世</span>前,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>人有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要听这首歌的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>,即并<span style="color: black;">无</span>问题的存在,这首歌是<span style="color: black;">处理</span>了一个并不存在的问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">企业<span style="color: black;">通常</span>只把<span style="color: black;">开发</span>和发明新<span style="color: black;">制品</span>、新工艺联系在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>,而不是发明新市场和新市场营销<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。以上的4P-4C理论给<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了一个思考市场营销<span style="color: black;">开发</span>的好框架。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">作者:逃虚子,公众号:逃虚子(ID:taoxuzi23)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本文由 @逃虚子 原创发布于人人都是<span style="color: black;">制品</span>经理。未经许可,禁止转载</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">题图来自Unsplash,基于CC0协议</p>
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