干货 |怎么初始做外贸出口？最完整的外贸流程图来了
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我是BuildMost，专注家居建材外贸<span style="color: black;">行业</span>。 今天给<span style="color: black;">大众</span>分享外贸的流程：</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">01</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">客户询盘</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>在客户下perchase Order之前，都会有<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的Order Inquiry给业务部，做<span style="color: black;">有些</span>细节上的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">02</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">报价</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">业务部<span style="color: black;">即时</span>回复客人<span style="color: black;">查找</span>，确定货物品名，型号，生产厂家，数量，交货期，付款方式，包装规格及柜型等，peroforma Invoice给客户做正式报价。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">03</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">得到订单</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">经过洽谈，收到客户正式的订单perchase Order。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">04</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下生产订单</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">得到客人的订单确认后，给工厂下订单，安排生产计划。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">05</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">业务审批</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">业务部收到订单后，<span style="color: black;">首要</span>做出业务审核表。按“出口合同审核表”的项目如实填写，尽可能将<span style="color: black;">各样</span>预计<span style="color: black;">花费</span>都列明。合同审批需附上客人订单传真件，与工厂的收购合同。审核表要由业务员签名，<span style="color: black;">分部</span>经理审批，再交管理部人员审核后<span style="color: black;">才可</span>执行。如金额<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的，或有预付款和佣金等条款的，要经<span style="color: black;">机构</span>总经理审批才行。合同审批之后，制成<span style="color: black;">营销</span>订单，交给<span style="color: black;">分部</span>进程员跟进。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">06</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下达生产<span style="color: black;">通告</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">业务部在确定交货期后，满足下列<span style="color: black;">状况</span>可下达生产<span style="color: black;">通告</span>,<span style="color: black;">通告</span>工厂按时生产：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-6.1：<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是L/C付款的客户，<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是在交货期前1个月确认L/C<span style="color: black;">已然</span>收到，收到L/C后应业务员和单证员分别审查信用证，<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>存在错误，交货期能否<span style="color: black;">保证</span>，及其他可能的问题，如有问题应立即请客人改证。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-6.2：<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是T/T付款的客户，要确认定金<span style="color: black;">已然</span>到账。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-6.3：<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是放帐客户，或<span style="color: black;">经过</span>银行D/A等方式收汇等，需经理确认。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">07</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">验货</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-7.1：在交货期前<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>，要<span style="color: black;">通告</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>验货员验货。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-7.2：<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>客人要自己或指定验货人员来验货的，要在交货期<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>前，约客户查货并将查货日期<span style="color: black;">通知</span>计划部。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-7.3：<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>客人指定由第三方验货<span style="color: black;">机构</span>或公正行等验货的，要在交货期两周前与验货<span style="color: black;">机构</span>联系，预约验货时间，<span style="color: black;">保证</span>在交货期前安排好时间。确定后将验货时间<span style="color: black;">通告</span>工厂。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">08</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">制备基本文件</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">工厂<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的装箱资料，制作出口合同，出口<span style="color: black;">商场</span>发票，装箱单等文件（应由业务跟单员制作，交给单证员）。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">09</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">商检</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是国家法定商检<span style="color: black;">制品</span>，在给工厂下订单时要说明商检<span style="color: black;">需求</span>，并<span style="color: black;">供给</span>出口合同，发票等商检所需资料。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>要告诉工厂将来<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的出口口岸，便于工厂办理商检。应在发货<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>之前拿到商检换证凭单/条。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">010</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">租船订仓</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-10.1．<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>跟客人签定的合同是FOB CHINA条款，<span style="color: black;">一般</span>客人会指定运输代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span>或船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>。应尽早与货代联系，<span style="color: black;">通知</span>发货意向，<span style="color: black;">认识</span>将要安排的出口口岸，船期等<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，Q确认工厂的交货能否早于开船期<span style="color: black;">最少</span><span style="color: black;">1星期</span>以前，以及船期能否达到客人<span style="color: black;">需求</span>的交货期。应在交货期两周之前向货运<span style="color: black;">机构</span>发出书面定仓<span style="color: black;">通告</span>（ING ORDER），<span style="color: black;">一般</span>在开船<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>前可拿到定仓纸。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-10.2．<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">是由于</span>卖方支付运费，应尽早向货运<span style="color: black;">机构</span>或船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>咨询船期，运价，开船口岸等。经比较，<span style="color: black;">选取</span>价格优惠，信誉好，船期合适的船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>，并告诉业务员通告给客人。如客人<span style="color: black;">区别</span>意时要另选客人认可的船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>。开船前两周书面定仓，程序同上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-10.3．<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>货物<span style="color: black;">不足</span>一个小柜，需走散货时，向货代<span style="color: black;">机构</span>定散货仓位。拿到入仓纸时，还要<span style="color: black;">认识</span>截关时间，入仓报关<span style="color: black;">需求</span>，等内容。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-10.4．向运输<span style="color: black;">机构</span>定仓时，<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要传真书面定仓纸，注明所定船期，柜型及数量，目的港等内容，以避免差错。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">011</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">安排拖柜</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-11.1．货物做好并验货<span style="color: black;">经过</span>后，委托拖车<span style="color: black;">机构</span>提柜，装柜。拖车<span style="color: black;">机构</span>应<span style="color: black;">选取</span>安全<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>，价格<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>签定协议<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>合作，以<span style="color: black;">保证</span>安全及准时。要给拖车<span style="color: black;">机构</span>传真以下资料：定仓确认书/放柜纸，船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>，定仓号，拖柜<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>书，注明装柜时间，柜型及数量，装柜<span style="color: black;">位置</span>，报关行，及装船口岸等。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有验货<span style="color: black;">机构</span>看装柜，要专门声明，<span style="color: black;">不可</span>晚到。并<span style="color: black;">需求</span>回传一份上柜资料，列明柜号、车牌号、司机及联系<span style="color: black;">tel</span>等</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-11.2．传真一份装车资料给工厂，列明上柜时间、柜型、订仓号、订单号、车牌号以及司机联系<span style="color: black;">tel</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-11.3．<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工厂在货柜离开工厂后尽快传真一份装货<span style="color: black;">通告</span>给业务部，列明货柜离厂时间、<span style="color: black;">实质</span>装货数量等，并记装箱号码和封条号码<span style="color: black;">做为</span>提单的资料。<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工厂装柜后<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要记住上封条。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">012</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">拜托</span>报关</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在拖柜<span style="color: black;">同期</span>将报关所需资料交给合作报关行，<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>出口报关及做商检通关换单。<span style="color: black;">一般</span>要给报关留出两天时间（船截关前）。<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>报关时，应<span style="color: black;">供给</span>一份装柜资料，内容<span style="color: black;">包含</span>所装货物及数量，口岸，船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>，定仓号，柜号，船开截关时间，拖车<span style="color: black;">机构</span>，柜型及数量，本<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的联系人和<span style="color: black;">tel</span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">013</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">得到</span>运输文件</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-13.1．最迟在开船后两天内，要将提单补料内容传真给船运<span style="color: black;">机构</span>或货运代理。补料要<span style="color: black;">根据</span>L/C或客人的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>来做，并给出正确的货物数量，以及<span style="color: black;">有些</span>特殊<span style="color: black;">需求</span>等，<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>随同提单出的船证明等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-13.2．督促船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>尽快出提单样板及运费帐单。仔细核对样本无误后，向船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>书面确认提单内容。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>提单需客人确认的，要先传真提单样板给客人，得到确认后再<span style="color: black;">需求</span>船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>出正本。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-13.3．<span style="color: black;">即时</span>支付运杂费，付款后<span style="color: black;">通告</span>船<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>取得提单等运输文件。支付运费应做登记。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">014</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">准备其他文件</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-14.1．<span style="color: black;">商场</span>发票：L/C<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>的文件中，对<span style="color: black;">商场</span>发票<span style="color: black;">需求</span>最严格。发票的日期要确定在开证日之后，交货期之前。发票中的货物描述要与L/C上的完全相同，小写和大写金额都要正确无误。L/C上对发票的条款应<span style="color: black;">表示</span>出来，要<span style="color: black;">表示</span>唛头。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>发票需办理对方大使馆认证，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>要提前20天办理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-14.2．FORMA原产地证书：FORM A原产地证要在发货之前到检验检疫局申办。需<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是运输日期要在L/C的交货期和开船日之前，在发票日期之后。未能在发货之前办理的，要办理后发证书，需<span style="color: black;">供给</span>报关单，提单等文件。经香港转运的货物，FORM A证书<span style="color: black;">一般</span>要到香港的中国商检<span style="color: black;">机构</span>办理加签，证明未在港对货物进行再加工。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-14.3．<span style="color: black;">通常</span>原产地证：<span style="color: black;">通常</span>原产地证可在中国贸易促进会办理，<span style="color: black;">需求</span>低<span style="color: black;">有些</span>。可在发货之后不太长的时间内补办。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>原产地证书要办理大使馆加签，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>和发票<span style="color: black;">同样</span>要提前20天办理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-14.4．装运<span style="color: black;">通告</span>：<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是<span style="color: black;">需求</span>在开船后几天之内，要<span style="color: black;">通告</span>客人发货的细节，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>船名，航班次，开船日，预计抵港日，货物及数量，金额，包装件数，唛头，目的港代理人等。有时L/C<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>发送证明，如传真报告书，发函底单等，<span style="color: black;">重视</span>按客人<span style="color: black;">需求</span>的时间内办理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-14.5．装箱单：装箱单应清楚地<span style="color: black;">显示</span>货物装箱<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。要<span style="color: black;">表示</span>每箱内装的数量，每箱的毛重，净重，外箱尺寸。按外箱尺寸计算出来的总体积要与标明的总体积相符。要<span style="color: black;">表示</span>唛头和箱号，以便于客人<span style="color: black;">查询</span>。装箱单的重量，体积要与提单相符。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">015</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">交单</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-15.1．采用L/C收汇的，应在规定的交单时间内，备齐<span style="color: black;">所有</span>单证，并严格审单，<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>错误，才交银行议付。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-15.2．采用T/T收汇的，在取得提单后马上传真提单给客人付款，确认收到余款后再将提单正本及其他文件寄给客人。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-15.3．<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>T/T收汇的，<span style="color: black;">需求</span>收全款<span style="color: black;">才可</span>做柜的，要等收款后再安排拖柜。拿到提单后可立即寄正本提单给客人。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">016</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">业务登记</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">每单出口业务在完成后要<span style="color: black;">即时</span>做登记，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>电脑登记及书面登记，便于以后<span style="color: black;">查找</span>，统计等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">017</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">文件存档</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">所有的文件、L/C和议付文件必须留存一整套以备查用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">018</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>变动</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">单证员平时应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>收集运价变动，船期，航线，等信息，为业务员报价<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>。</p>
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