癌症病人接种疫苗大有讲究，这些注意事项必定要看
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>患病的特殊性，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人可能都会有<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的疑问，肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>到底能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>打流感疫苗？能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>打乙肝疫苗?</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实，与<span style="color: black;">通常</span>健康人相比，肿瘤病患<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>本身<span style="color: black;">或</span>接受手术，化疗，放疗，免疫治疗等，免疫力低下，容易并发流感，肺炎等感染性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>有人因感染而丧命。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">既然肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>这么容易感染流感和肺炎，那<span style="color: black;">可否</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>和普通人<span style="color: black;">同样</span>，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>接种流感、肺炎等疫苗来实现预防？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">答案是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>接种的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">发布</span>在Medical Oncology 的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>：在接种流感疫苗后，有72%的肿瘤病患<span style="color: black;">能够</span>得到流感的免疫力，在<span style="color: black;">通常</span>人身上则是有87%的<span style="color: black;">守护</span>力；<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>血液肿瘤（如淋巴癌，血癌等），其他癌症接受流感疫苗接种，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>得到81%的<span style="color: black;">守护</span>力，与<span style="color: black;">通常</span>人比较，两者在统计学上是<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span>差异的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">既然肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>接种流感疫苗的，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>，应该什么时候接种流感疫苗会比较好？</p><span style="color: black;">因为</span>接种疫苗后，绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人会产生发烧等反应，为了不和手术<span style="color: black;">或</span>化疗，免疫等的治疗反应<span style="color: black;">或</span>并发症混淆，<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免在化疗和免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>进行。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>在化疗后马上接种流感疫苗，万一产生发烧，有可能不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>到底是什么<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>发烧的，让事情变得更加扑朔迷离。癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应每年接种2针次三价灭活流感疫苗，间隔2~4周<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>家属以及癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>密切接触者<span style="color: black;">亦</span>应该接种流感疫苗以预防流感。<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>接种疫苗后，绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人会产生发烧等反应，为了不和手术<span style="color: black;">或</span>化疗，免疫等的治疗反应<span style="color: black;">或</span>并发症混淆，<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免在化疗和免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>进行。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>在化疗后马上接种流感疫苗，万一产生发烧，有可能不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>到底是什么<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>发烧的，让事情变得更加扑朔迷离。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其次，癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应每年接种2针次三价灭活流感疫苗，间隔2~4周<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>家属以及癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>密切接触者<span style="color: black;">亦</span>应该接种流感疫苗以预防流感。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺炎疫苗，成年人癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应接种1针次PPSV23，并<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免在化疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>接种</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症儿童应间隔4周接种2针次PCV7，理想的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>是在化疗前或完成化疗3个月后接种肺炎球菌疫苗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺炎疫苗，成年人癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应接种1针次PPSV23，并<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免在化疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>接种；癌症儿童应间隔4周接种2针次PCV7，理想的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>是在化疗前或完成化疗3个月后接种肺炎球菌疫苗。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">流感，肺炎以及破伤风，乙肝疫苗对肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>是安全的，但适龄疫苗<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>在化疗<span style="color: black;">起始</span>两星期前接种完成，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>化疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>接种疫苗，可能<span style="color: black;">没</span>法产生足够免疫力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其次，化疗<span style="color: black;">或</span>放疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>，若是低剂量化疗，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>和主治<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>讨论<span style="color: black;">可否</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>接种疫苗，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>接种的话，<span style="color: black;">最少</span>六个月后方可重新接种。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>：2016年美国CDC<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>了一份成年人和儿童<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>免疫接种程序，<span style="color: black;">触及</span>到了<span style="color: black;">包含</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在内的免疫功能低下人群。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">该程序中<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接种流感疫苗、肺炎球菌疫苗等灭活疫苗，而水痘带状疱疹疫苗和麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹疫苗等减毒活疫苗则不<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>接种。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">小科普</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">灭活疫苗：<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">理学</span>或化学的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>将<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>感染性的完整的病原体杀死，使其失去致病的能力，<span style="color: black;">保存</span>抗原性，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>将这些死去的病原体或病原体的片段制成疫苗。灭活疫苗稳定性好安全性<span style="color: black;">亦</span>高，但效果<span style="color: black;">亦</span>弱，<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>接种多次，且<span style="color: black;">花费</span>较高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">减毒疫苗：将病原体经过处理后，病原体毒性减弱，但仍保免疫原性，将其接种到身<span style="color: black;">身体</span>可继续生长繁殖，刺激机体的免疫反应的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>却不会<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。减毒疫苗效果好，<span style="color: black;">常常</span>只<span style="color: black;">必须</span>接种一次就能产生足够的<span style="color: black;">针对</span>该病原体的抵抗力，但<span style="color: black;">因为</span>是活疫苗，免疫力低的群体<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">小心</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，就算同为灭活疫苗，在肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>和健康成人之间的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>剂量<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有不同，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>有一项关于癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接种乙型肝炎疫苗的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>是<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Sodhi等人为967名年龄在5月龄到85岁之间的未感染乙肝病毒且准备接受化疗的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接种乙肝疫苗，结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>：按常规接种乙肝疫苗的程序接种的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>与接种双倍剂量乙肝疫苗的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>相比，后者的血清<span style="color: black;">守护</span>率更高（49% vs 75.9%）。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">先沟通，后决定</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>以上<span style="color: black;">意见</span>多为国外开展的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>疫苗接种<span style="color: black;">实验</span>和接种<span style="color: black;">意见</span>，国内少有<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>和<span style="color: black;">病人</span>存在“可<span style="color: black;">经过</span>接种疫苗预防流感和肺炎”的认识，<span style="color: black;">关联</span>临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>极少。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>想要<span style="color: black;">经过</span>疫苗预防流感和肺炎，为了<span style="color: black;">保准</span>安全，还是<span style="color: black;">意见</span>先与主治<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>进行沟通后再做决定。</p>
期待与你深入交流，共探知识的无穷魅力。 “NB”（牛×的缩写，表示叹为观止） “NB”（牛×的缩写，表示叹为观止） 我们有着相似的经历，你的感受我深有体会。
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