哈佛商学院最受欢迎的营销课
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《哈佛最受欢迎的营销课》是一本以市场潮流为指引,跟随现代品牌发展方向,以及当今消费者消费心理和消费习惯,从而为<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>一种打造独特品牌<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的秘籍。本书从市场竞争中<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的问题出发,结合成功的品牌营销案例,为<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>一种<span style="color: black;">详细</span>而<span style="color: black;">实质</span>的操作<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本书分三个部分,<span style="color: black;">第1</span>部分是对当今市场竞争中不良现象的一种批判;第二部分是对现代市场竞争中<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的独特成功案例进行赞扬和学习;第三部分则是对市场竞争的一种反思和展望。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Part1 群氓的竞争(批判)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">坚趋同化的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>及应对</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">商场</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>,企业对抗趋同化的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>途径<span style="color: black;">便是</span>差异化。从理论上说,竞争越激烈,企业对差异化的诉求越<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span>。但事实恰好相反:企业越<span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>参与竞争,与其他企业的差异就越小。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">保持</span>多元思维,远离集体<span style="color: black;">心理</span>,是使企业化走向差异化,走向成功的最好方式。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">发展悖论</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">发展<span style="color: black;">能够</span>使事物变好,但最后<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会让事物变坏,这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>发展的悖论。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在谈论<span style="color: black;">制品</span>进化的时候,大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>商人的目的非常<span style="color: black;">知道</span>:<span style="color: black;">她们</span>只是<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>自己的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>变得更好。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>常用“<span style="color: black;">制品</span>升级”这个概念描述这一<span style="color: black;">目的</span>。<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,<span style="color: black;">制品</span>升级有两种途径:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/1972/1593057121~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725938927&x-signature=%2BNcOhf0vUtXSp4oDF%2BXtrWOulfI%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>几年,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>无休止、<span style="color: black;">持续</span>累加的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>升级,商界<span style="color: black;">已然</span>沦落到<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的境地:企业非常巧妙地把无<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的细微差异包装成真正的差异。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">制品</span>类别模糊的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>及应对</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">制品</span>模糊,即<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>类别趋向<span style="color: black;">类似</span>而使某一品牌特征模糊化。针对这种模糊化,本书作者扬米·穆恩<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>应该<span style="color: black;">作为</span>以下五种人之一,以应对<span style="color: black;">制品</span>模糊。这五种人分别是:<span style="color: black;">制品</span>类别专家、精明的投机主义者、实用主义者、不情愿消费者、品牌忠诚者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/1970/2059235522~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725938927&x-signature=a8IRCfEbZMv0NodzBRtuTG0k4BU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">品牌忠诚的<span style="color: black;">最后</span>崩溃</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">消费者坚信一种品牌能传达出其他品牌所传达不出的信息,这种信念正是源自消费者对<span style="color: black;">制品</span>差异的认真比较,消费者对<span style="color: black;">制品</span>极端热情和极端专一,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>热爱而消费,<span style="color: black;">此时</span>,品牌忠诚<span style="color: black;">亦</span>应运而生。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但随着<span style="color: black;">制品</span>类别的<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>成熟,类别内的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>变得越来越好,消费者<span style="color: black;">亦</span>随之<span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>实惠。<span style="color: black;">此时</span>候,人们就会纷纷放弃原先对某一品牌的忠诚,<span style="color: black;">作为</span>一个实用主义者。这种趋势深刻影响着商界,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>是如今商界面临的最大挑战!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Part2 不参与竞争 (庆祝)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在本书的第二部分,作者告诉<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>避免参与市场中的过度竞争,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>保持自己的品牌特征,不被商品的类别特征所埋没。要做到这一点,你<span style="color: black;">独一</span>要做的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>“创新”,保持自己的差异化,让消费者的眼球永远停留在你的品牌身上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">逆向品牌战略——“减法”创新</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这是一种特殊的创意品牌,打造这些品牌的企业故意对抗<span style="color: black;">制品</span>类别的升级趋势,而这种升级又是消费者所期望的。<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>行业内其他企业认为参与竞争所必须<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>服务,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>坚决不<span style="color: black;">供给</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">【谷歌案例】</strong>当雅虎等许多搜索网站在<span style="color: black;">供给</span>搜索引擎的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>又<span style="color: black;">供给</span>诸如游戏、<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>、购物、天气预报等服务的时候,谷歌仍然保持着“光秃秃”的主页——<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>一个搜索引擎的输入框。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">【宜家IKEA案例】</strong>当绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>家具<span style="color: black;">机构</span>在<span style="color: black;">营销</span>家具的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>又<span style="color: black;">供给</span>免费送货上门和免费安装服务时,宜家还是<span style="color: black;">保持</span>不<span style="color: black;">供给</span>这些服务,客户要自己包办取货以至最后安装的所有程序。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">超越行业品牌战略——变形创新</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">超越行业的品牌<span style="color: black;">便是</span>延伸最远距离的品牌。它站在统一体的另一端,诠释了<span style="color: black;">全部</span>差异化过程,刚好保持了足够的原有含义,避免了与<span style="color: black;">制品</span>类别完全脱离。它是<span style="color: black;">制品</span>类别中的反对派,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是越界者。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,它既<span style="color: black;">能够</span>属于一种类别,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>属于另一个类别。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">【案例】</strong>1999年,索尼<span style="color: black;">机构</span>研制的AIBO投入市场(一款<span style="color: black;">设备</span>狗,由土井利忠博士所带领的工程师团队<span style="color: black;">开发</span>)。AIBO到底是“<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人”还是“宠物”?AIBO有着先进<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人身上令人<span style="color: black;">没法</span>忍受的缺点,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">归类</span>名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>在<span style="color: black;">此时</span>发挥了<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>AIBO的市场定位是“宠物”而非“<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人”,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>用户<span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>了很大转变:尽管看到AIBO有<span style="color: black;">各样</span>缺点,但从<span style="color: black;">她们</span>看到AIBO的那一刻起,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>就压抑了自己<span style="color: black;">按照</span>原有<span style="color: black;">制品</span>类别(<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人)作出判断的本能,而<span style="color: black;">准许</span><span style="color: black;">另一</span>一种形象(宠物)进入大脑。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">敌意品牌战略——分化创新</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">所说</span>的敌意品牌<span style="color: black;">便是</span>爱玩“欲擒故纵”策略的品牌。它们<span style="color: black;">无</span>在门口铺上<span style="color: black;">一起</span>“欢迎光临”的垫子,而是夹道鞭打消费者。这就<span style="color: black;">好似</span>品牌拿出一本营销书籍,在每句话上都添上否定词。在这一点上,敌意品牌并<span style="color: black;">无</span>进行传统<span style="color: black;">道理</span>上的营销,而是反营销。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">【案例·<span style="color: black;">安适</span>猿(BAPE)】</strong>描述<span style="color: black;">安适</span>猿的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,但最好的<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>尽可能地<span style="color: black;">卑鄙</span>:<span style="color: black;">安适</span>猿<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个令人讨厌的品牌。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>:<span style="color: black;">安适</span>猿每一款服装都是限量版,并且<span style="color: black;">安适</span>猿的店面都坐落在偏僻的小巷里,似乎故意不想让人找到。<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>连<span style="color: black;">安适</span>猿的网站都不友好,必须下载可执行文件后<span style="color: black;">才可</span>登录。虽然这个品牌看起来很好斗,但几乎所有的日本<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人都听说过这个品牌,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>都以<span style="color: black;">持有</span>一件<span style="color: black;">安适</span>猿的衣服为荣。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">差异化</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尝试为“差异化”下定义,就像是尝试为“对立面”下定义<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>缺少语境,就不会有实质内容。确定差异化的最好<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>去寻找它。实现差异化的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>种,反叛方式和创新方式有多少种,实现差异化的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>就有多少种。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">【案例】</strong>在世界著名企业中,苹果堪<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>是品牌差异化当之无愧的大师,它是将三种战略运用得淋漓尽致的经典。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/1969/2324669985~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725938927&x-signature=8MiFWxnY4zbbq3qTzHY2lOBFzt4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">◎苹果是一个逆向战略品牌大师。<span style="color: black;">始终</span>抵制其他科技类品牌<span style="color: black;">持有</span>的功能。直到如今,Mac电脑的用户还必须接受不带双键的鼠标,而iPhone用户则必须接受<span style="color: black;">不可</span>拆卸的电池。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">◎苹果还是一个超越行业的品牌大师,它<span style="color: black;">持续</span>推出超越<span style="color: black;">制品</span>类别界限的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。它所推出的iPhone横超多个<span style="color: black;">制品</span>类别,重新定义了智能手机:iPhone<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个手机、iPod播放器和浏览器的结合体,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>脱离了其所属的类别。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">◎苹果<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>一个敌意品牌大师。苹果<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的定价都很高、它的高度保密文化、不<span style="color: black;">回复</span>策略、“要么<span style="color: black;">选取</span>,要么放弃”的高姿态仿佛<span style="color: black;">表示</span>出对消费者的轻视,但尽管如此,苹果依然保持着迷人的魅力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如今的商界,一致性<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>通用标准,这并不是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>企业追求一致而形成的,而是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它们追求竞争而<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的。而创意品牌不会参与竞争,这是最重要的一点。它们对“区分”的兴趣远远大于对“比较”的兴趣。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,无论是吸引了<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>,还是惹怒了<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>都会重新关注这些品牌。当“相同”泛滥成灾时,只要一点点<span style="color: black;">区别</span>就能够重新唤起人们的感觉。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Part3 人性化(反思)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">太多的竞争信息使<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对竞争对手投注了<span style="color: black;">太多</span>的精力,以至于<span style="color: black;">没法</span>集中<span style="color: black;">重视</span>力,就像强迫症会让<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">没法</span>集中<span style="color: black;">重视</span>力<span style="color: black;">同样</span>。它所带来的动力<span style="color: black;">促进</span>企业对竞争对手的效仿(<span style="color: black;">状况</span>好的话,是战胜)变<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>一种自然的反射<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。到最后,企业间的差异变得越来越小,集体变得平庸。本书列出的<span style="color: black;">将来</span>品牌的三大<span style="color: black;">一起</span>点,值得<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>反思。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/1972/1593143116~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1725938927&x-signature=dces44FXr8TFvFy1JuczOsUXxW4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
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