被追捧的思维模型到底应该怎么用?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icX2xXgZQYEpEDaHUEbiaG0QEib1DoA8FJibaSOLInXbCJKGakLAiccaqoliaic7nJH5kEMOmLlffP9BicUNAd8eiaJFtyg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icX2xXgZQYEpEDaHUEbiaG0QEib1DoA8FJibVicSuw8tz6GWiaE3icD0JKqVEYukh1bKjmeNf9h9N7j5ho4sAnbIJ0nwA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/Y3Ia42oea1hsT3HeorLCYv7mXlKKwia7RSoPoP1kNCb0VDt2pco6jS2YiaZ7adTibbyGX11icUI6Sl0foDFr52ic4Tw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">作者:艾菲</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:艾菲的理想(ID:xiaoyaolsh)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在面试团队成员时,我常会问一个问题:“请用SWOT法来分析你自己。”(SWOT分析法是一个比较<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的思维模型,其中S<span style="color: black;">表率</span>着strengths<span style="color: black;">优良</span>、W<span style="color: black;">表率</span>着weaknesses劣势、O<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的是opportunities机会、而T则<span style="color: black;">表率</span>了threats威胁。)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这题不算太难,但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>一个人不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>这个思维模型,或只知思维模型而不知<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>运用到自己身上,这个题目都是答不出的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而在回答过这道面试题的人中,我<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人都是卡在了<strong style="color: blue;">“不知<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>运用到自己身上”</strong>这个环节。 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">思维模型到底是什么?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">想要</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span>“<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>用”的问题,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>,需要<span style="color: black;">认识</span>思维模型说得到底是什么。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">关于思维模型,查理芒格是这么说的:</span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">“思维模型会给你<span style="color: black;">供给</span>一种视角或思维框架,从而决定你观察事物和看待世界的视角。顶级的思维模型能<span style="color: black;">加强</span>你成功的可能性,并帮你避免失败。” </span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从这段话中,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>看出,<strong style="color: blue;">思维模型的本质是视角、是思维框架,而它的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>则是要帮<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>避免失败、<span style="color: black;">加强</span>成功几率。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当初为了找到它的确切定义,我翻了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>书,但却未能找到。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">后来,我想<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许<span style="color: black;">能够</span>先从“模型”一词入手探究一番。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">查理·芒格虽未给思维模型下过准确定义,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,他却给“模型”下过一个定义,即任何能<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>你更好理解现实世界的人造框架,都是模型。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这话听来<span style="color: black;">非常</span>抽象,模型说得到底是什么呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我来举例说明:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">美国航空<span style="color: black;">机构</span>每年要接待几百万乘客,创造数千亿美元的价值。但在2012年,飞机票价平均178美元,每次飞行航空<span style="color: black;">机构</span>只能从每位乘客身上赚到37美分。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">而谷歌,创造的价值相对少,但却从中赢利<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">谷歌2012年只创造了500亿美元的价值(航空<span style="color: black;">机构</span>创造了1600亿美元),却从中获利21%。这个利润率是航空业的100倍多。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">谷歌的巨额利润使它的市值是所有美国航空<span style="color: black;">机构</span>市值之和的3倍多。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>会<span style="color: black;">这般</span>?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">这个看似非常<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的现象,经济学家只用两个简单模型就给出<span style="color: black;">认识</span>释:一个是完全竞争,一个是垄断。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">完全竞争,说的是在这个市场中的<span style="color: black;">每一个</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>并不存在差异,卖的都是同质<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这些<span style="color: black;">机构</span>都<span style="color: black;">无</span>市场<span style="color: black;">安排</span>力,其<span style="color: black;">制品</span>价格必须由市场来定。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">相反,垄断说的是垄断<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">持有</span>自己的市场,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">自动</span>定价。<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>了竞争,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>垄断<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>自由决定供给量和价格,以实现利益的最大化。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">航空<span style="color: black;">机构</span>所处市场是完全竞争市场,而谷歌所处市场是垄断市场,正<span style="color: black;">由于</span>此,二者利润率相差甚远。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>运用“模型”,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>查理·芒格所说的“人造框架”,将看起来纷繁<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的事物简单化、抽象化的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>模型的定义,让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>再来<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>到底什么是思维模型?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>之前的探索,我给它下了一个定义:<strong style="color: blue;">思维模型是对信息的压缩,是<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>人们理解事物、<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题的人造框架。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">说白了,思维模型<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一种人造思维框架,当你头脑中存在了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>的框架,遇到<span style="color: black;">区别</span>问题时你就<span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">到底</span>该用哪个框架或哪几个框架去进行理解、分析和<span style="color: black;">处理</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这就像是:<strong style="color: blue;">在你的头脑中,存放了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>的工具箱,遇到问题A,你拿出与之相应的工具箱A1;遇到问题B,你拿出与之相应的工具箱B1</strong>……于是,你就能驾轻就熟的<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>工作和生活中的问题。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>:刚工作时,我曾接到过<span style="color: black;">这般</span>一个工作任务 - 给一个<span style="color: black;">制品</span>做定位。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我之前从未做过市场营销工作,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>头脑中缺乏<span style="color: black;">关联</span>思维模型,于是就按自己理解做了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>工作,但<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>没能提交一个<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>清晰<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>定位。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">后来,在我学习了<span style="color: black;">关联</span>知识及<span style="color: black;">办法</span>后,我<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>假如我的头脑中事先存放了一个名叫STP的思维模型,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>细分市场(Segmentation)、<span style="color: black;">目的</span>客户(Targeting)和定位(Positioning)的思维模型,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>当时的我就能按这个思维模型所描述的路径对<span style="color: black;">制品</span>定位做出思考,并给出相对满意的答案。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">实质</span>上,这个STP思维模型<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个<span style="color: black;">能够</span>存放在头脑中,以供随时取出来<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的工具箱。当你有了这种存储后,就会<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>何时<span style="color: black;">能够</span>拿出来用,但假如你缺乏这种存储,就会在接到任务时手忙脚乱,事倍功半。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>思维模型的力量。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6Nh9icod0XAg40GVjveYMch9qhf24fVkJjRqLVkGgHyzqq3aqepIcpuk2jWMa5ibUcp9Oybib9udl87uyQ7JJWmPw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">我<span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>思维模型,</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">但却不会用</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>这些年,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对知识的获取变得前所未有的容易,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人都<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>有思维模型这回事,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>学了<span style="color: black;">有些</span>思维模型。但与此<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>却<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,这些东西似乎没能在真实生活中发挥出比<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>?<span style="color: black;">原由</span>有二。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">1、</span>停留在“我<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>了”的浅表层。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">观察一下<span style="color: black;">周边</span>,你会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人的学习状态都是停留在“浅表层”,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>停留在“我<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>......了”这个层面。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">于是,虽然<span style="color: black;">每日</span>看<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>东西,但最后却是“酒肉穿肠过,佛祖心中不留”,看是都看过了,但啥<span style="color: black;">亦</span>没能留下。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">假如你想让学到的知识、<span style="color: black;">办法</span>、思维在生活工作中发挥真正的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,那最重要的一点<span style="color: black;">便是</span>你得真的去用,要让理论与实践联结起来,要让它们去帮你<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span>问题。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">讲个我自己<span style="color: black;">实质</span>运用的例子。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不知你有<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,有些人在下馆子吃饭、买衣服鞋子上花钱毫不手软,但在学习和自我成长的投资上却几乎<span style="color: black;">无</span>,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>极少买书,就算买<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会思虑再三。有些人则完全相反,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>将自己大部分收入都投在了学习和自我成长上,相反,在买衣服鞋子方面却很吝啬。还有人,对<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>非常大方,请<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>吃饭、唱歌,给<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>买礼物,但却在给自己买东西时思前想后。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这是<span style="color: black;">为何</span>?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">能够解释这些<span style="color: black;">区别</span>消费现象的关键<span style="color: black;">便是</span>“心理账户”这个思维模型。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">心理账户的意思是,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会把钱分门别类地放在<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的心理账户中。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>钱这个东西,在<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>心里并不是统一存放的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>:生活必要的开支账户、购买衣鞋包包账户、<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>教育账户、享乐休闲账户等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这些账户看似都<span style="color: black;">处在</span>你的大账户下,但其实各子账户是独立存在的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不少人都<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>这个“心理账户”的思维模型,但有运用在自己身上吗?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">据我所知,大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人都<span style="color: black;">无</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但我用了,我是<span style="color: black;">这般</span>用的:我给自己<span style="color: black;">创立</span>了一个名叫“自我成长与学习”的心理账户,每年年初会做一个大致预算,差不多30%的预算会放到这个心理账户中。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,我会在我的“衣服鞋子包包”心理账户中放比较少的份额,每两个月会来<span style="color: black;">评定</span>一次,看自己在花钱方面<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>在按这个比例进行,还是说我的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>与我的预算编制南辕北辙。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会忍不住买衣服,但<span style="color: black;">由于</span>我会<span style="color: black;">连续</span>核对预算与<span style="color: black;">实质</span>开支,慢慢的,这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>就消失了。<span style="color: black;">这般</span>,我就<span style="color: black;">保准</span>了我的金钱消费与我的人生愿景和<span style="color: black;">目的</span>是一致的。而这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是后来我写出“<strong style="color: blue;">你的时间和金钱流向<span style="color: black;">哪里</span>,你的人生就走向<span style="color: black;">哪里</span>。</strong>”这句话和<span style="color: black;">文案</span>的真实体会与<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">(《</span><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">你的金钱和时间流向<span style="color: black;">哪里</span>,你的人生就走向<span style="color: black;">哪里</span></span></a><span style="color: black;">》)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>,借用这个思维模型,我还能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>一个人的金钱时间分配比例来观察他的价值观是什么、他的人生愿景是什么。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>一个人嘴上虽然说着我很爱学习,很想成长,想要实现一个什么理想,但<span style="color: black;">实质</span>却将与此<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的心理账户压缩到很少,那我就<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>他只<span style="color: black;">不外</span>是说说<span style="color: black;">罢了</span>,他想要的必定很难实现。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,一个并不<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的“心理账户”思维模型,假如你不仅<span style="color: black;">认识</span>它,还能真正运用它,那你<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>能够活出你想要的人生,还能对<span style="color: black;">周边</span>人产生深刻洞察与判断。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你恰好是名创业者,或是品牌运营、<span style="color: black;">营销</span>人员,还能运用这个思维模型进行更好的推广和<span style="color: black;">营销</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">2、</span>没能看透本质</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>时候,运用思维模型最重要的<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>不是别的,而是你没能理解它的本质,从而你就<span style="color: black;">没法</span>“挪动”它,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>非要“硬挪”,最后<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是“得了形,失了神”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,看透<span style="color: black;">区别</span>思维模型的本质,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>运用它们至关重要。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说,看透本质是“有效挪动”思维模型的重要前提。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>又该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>看透思维模型的本质,从而对它们进行“有效挪动”呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">读大学时,我看了一本对我影响很大的书,叫《竞争战略》,作者是“竞争战略之父”迈克尔·波特。在这本书中,波特教授为商界人士<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了三种卓有成效的竞争战略,它们是总成本领先战略、差异化战略和专一化战略。这些战略的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>是使企业的经营在产业竞争中高人一筹。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在他的竞争战略面世之前,大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>企业家都认为,企业<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">同期</span>追逐好几个基本目标。<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span>越多就<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着越可能成功。然而,波特教授却告诉<span style="color: black;">大众</span>,达到这种效果的可能性是很小的。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>贯彻任何一种战略,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>都需要全力以赴,并且需有相应的组织安排。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>企业的基本<span style="color: black;">目的</span>不止一个,资源就会被分散,从而影响<span style="color: black;">最后</span>结果。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">看完这本书后,我<span style="color: black;">起始</span>思考一个问题:<strong style="color: blue;">人和企业<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">处在</span>激烈竞争中,需要在竞争中脱颖而出。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>,<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>能将竞争战略用到自己身上呢?</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>,我深入<span style="color: black;">科研</span>了这三种竞争战略的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>内容与<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>:总成本领先战略<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>企业强调以低单位成本为用户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>低价格的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,这是一种先发制人的战略,它<span style="color: black;">需求</span>企业有<span style="color: black;">连续</span>的资本投入和融资能力,生产技能在该行业<span style="color: black;">处在</span>领先地位;专一化战略<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>主攻某一特殊的客户群、某一<span style="color: black;">制品</span>线的细分市场或某一地区的市场;差异化战略则指企业力求在用户广泛<span style="color: black;">注重</span>的某些方面做到在行业内独树一帜,它<span style="color: black;">选取</span>许多用户<span style="color: black;">注重</span>的一种或多种特质,并赋予其独特的地位,以满足用户<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>这些定义,我<span style="color: black;">首要</span>排除了总成本领先战略,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>在专一化战略和差异化战略之间做<span style="color: black;">选取</span>了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其中,专一化战略<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>两种形式:一个是企业在<span style="color: black;">目的</span>细分市场中寻求成本<span style="color: black;">优良</span>的成本集中,相当于总成本领先战略与专一化战略的交集;另一个是企业在<span style="color: black;">目的</span>细分市场中寻求差异化的差异集中,相当于专一化战略与差异化战略的交集,即先找到一个<span style="color: black;">目的</span>细分市场,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>再在这个市场上寻求差异化。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">能够</span>说,专一化战略是以总成本领先战略和差异化战略为<span style="color: black;">基本</span>的竞争战略,在特殊市场中形成成本<span style="color: black;">优良</span>或差异化<span style="color: black;">优良</span>。<span style="color: black;">而后</span>我<span style="color: black;">认识</span>到,以差异化战略为<span style="color: black;">基本</span>的专一化战略<span style="color: black;">便是</span>最适合我的战略。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">于是,在硕士毕业找工作<span style="color: black;">时期</span>,我就将这个战略用在了自己的面试策略中。那时,我非常<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>在毕业时能够进入世界500强外企工作,尤其<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>管理培训生职位(Management Trainee)。于是,我就将它确定为面试找工作时的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>细分市场,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>专一化战略的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>方向所在。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">而后</span>,我<span style="color: black;">科研</span>了管理培训生岗位的招聘<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>这些企业的招聘<span style="color: black;">需求</span>比较一致,不会<span style="color: black;">由于</span>行业<span style="color: black;">区别</span>而有很大区别。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>管理培训生这个职位,它们都<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>能招到综合能力强且<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>很大的人。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">接下来,针对管理培训生岗位的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>招聘<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,我做了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>准备,从英语表达能力到数据分析能力,从团队合作技巧到演讲能力。<strong style="color: blue;">其中最重要的一点是,我认真思考了自己在这个细分市场上的“差异” - 与其他名校毕业生相比,我到底都有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>竞争<span style="color: black;">优良</span>?</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过思考,我将自己的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>归结<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>三点。<span style="color: black;">而后</span>,在面试做自我介绍时,我将早已总结好的三大<span style="color: black;">优良</span>娓娓道来,与岗位<span style="color: black;">需要</span>一一匹配,还会在介绍完<span style="color: black;">每一个</span><span style="color: black;">优良</span>后讲一个真实故事,以说明自己与这个岗位的契合度。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">就<span style="color: black;">这般</span>,我从上海<span style="color: black;">许多</span>应届毕业生中脱颖而出,如愿进入世界500强外企,<span style="color: black;">作为</span>了一名管理培训生。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从表面上看,迈克尔·波特的竞争战略与我的面试策略是完全<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的两件事,但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>去思考这两件事的本质,就会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>它们是<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">竞争战略的本质说的是:<strong style="color: blue;">在面临激烈的竞争且资源有限时,要想脱颖而出就得采取<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的竞争战略,而<span style="color: black;">不可</span>在<span style="color: black;">区别</span>战略间徘徊。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">之后,我将竞争战略的本质与我面试所遇到的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>和想要实现的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>相比较后<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,二者<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>“表面<span style="color: black;">区别</span>、本质<span style="color: black;">类似</span>”的特点。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">于是,我就将竞争战略这一思维模型的<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>迁移了过来:<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>非常清晰的细分市场,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>在这个市场上寻求差异化,以形成差异化的竞争优势。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>我对思维模型的迁移运用,这正是一次非常有效的“挪动”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>思维模型都是关于<span style="color: black;">商场</span>、经济学、心理学或工程学的,平时看起来,它们与<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>相隔甚远,但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你能看透它们的本质,从而做出“应用级”层面的“挪动”<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>生活工作中的问题就能立刻迎刃而解,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>做到查理·芒格说的:<strong style="color: blue;">“只要80-90个思维模型,就能<span style="color: black;">处理</span>生活中90%的问题。”</strong></span></p><strong style="color: blue;">最后的话</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>,<span style="color: black;">每日</span>都浸泡在海量的信息与知识中,却遗忘了更为重要的东西,那<span style="color: black;">便是</span>“思考”与“实践”。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>习惯了“学习<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>”,却不懂得“思考更深”;<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>习惯了“学习知识和<span style="color: black;">办法</span>”,却不懂得“思考<span style="color: black;">背面</span>的东西”;<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">始终</span>在做“量的<span style="color: black;">累积</span>”,但却没能进入到“质的改变”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我想,这<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人<span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>,却进步不大的重要<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">作者艾菲介绍:“只做影响你<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span>的课程”的蓬勃学院创始人&CEO、深度思考力畅销书《直击本质》作者、多家企业创始人&CEO的个人成长教练、Gallup<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>认证<span style="color: black;">优良</span>教练、国际教练协会(ICF)认证专业教练、前美国财富500强<span style="color: black;">机构</span>大中华区市场部负责人,20万读者公众号“艾菲的理想”创始人兼主笔。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">- END -</strong>
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