Google数字营销布道师,畅销书Web Analytics2.0作者:怎么样用数据分析闭环引爆百亿美金企业订单3倍增长?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/VptssYpeOVP79NfM4w95NCic4EkSgQ0V2ZR7icPuQSPR6diaas4ibqyTJGcDIB8eTziccqW4wXwYtiagFsSC3YT2IDYg/0?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VptssYpeOVM2Y6sKezibmXk7jloicbImHywhY89zc2wzxV5gSaQvR8HbibqhtRa8lAE7ia0AEvemr0cKIiah03Bw1Uw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">原文作者</span></strong><span style="color: black;">:谷歌数字营销布道师 Avinash Kaushik</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">编译作者</span></strong><span style="color: black;">:吆喝科技创始人及 CEO 王晔</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>读了谷歌数字营销布道师 Avinash Kaushik (他<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是畅销书 Web Analytics 2.0 作者)写的:The Lean Analytics Cycle: Metrics > Hypothesis > Experiment > Act 一文,个人认为其中的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>论对<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>应用数据分析来<span style="color: black;">指点</span><span style="color: black;">商场</span>实践是非常有价值的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我是做技术出身,不太<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>重复造轮子,在对 Avinash Kaushik 这篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>的大部分编译的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>提出了我的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>个人看法和思考。限于篇幅<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,原文里的四个案例,<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>只摘了 Airbnb 的例子,感兴趣的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>文末有原文链接。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">数据驱动(Data Driven)的概念在国内有了很<span style="color: black;">长期</span>了,但真正实现数据驱动的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>却少之又少。要做好精细化运营,需要用好数据,用数据来驱动运营和<span style="color: black;">制品</span>增长,而其中的关键则在于实现数据分析闭(循)环。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>,什么是数据分析闭环?</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">数据分析闭环<span style="color: black;">便是</span>说把数据分析到验证的每一个<span style="color: black;">过程</span>有机的连接在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>,由此<span style="color: black;">指点</span>业务和实践,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>能对闭环进行迭代优化。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">数据分析闭环有四个<span style="color: black;">过程</span>:<strong style="color: blue;">指标--->假设---><span style="color: black;">实验</span>--->行动</strong>。无论你做的在线,离线,或是非线上的业务,都需要这个闭环来<span style="color: black;">指点</span>业务增长。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VptssYpeOVM2Y6sKezibmXk7jloicbImHyPhP03pZF11q8Zvia0euUBgq0P3cA6nC6fdUtzuR9iciaemsnBq20dtV3A/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">数据分析闭环</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">过分迷恋于数据收集和标准的指标报告或许不是好事,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人对这些很热衷有时候只是在跟风,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>数据和指标的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>和价值<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>年前就有人在强调。但这种现象是不正常的,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>把指标和数据用于<span style="color: black;">指点</span>实践,形成一个数据分析的闭环,<span style="color: black;">才可</span><span style="color: black;">表现</span>出数据的价值。<strong style="color: blue;">怎么<span style="color: black;">处理</span>这个问题,又<span style="color: black;">或</span>说怎么形成数据分析到应用的闭环?</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">《精益数据分析》这本书里<span style="color: black;">说到</span>了精益数据分析闭环这个概念,它的目的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>帮你创建一个可<span style="color: black;">连续</span>的方式来<span style="color: black;">选取</span>重要的指标,并把这些指标跟基本的业务问题<span style="color: black;">相关</span>起来,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>提出对问题<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>的假设,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>测试(当然<span style="color: black;">包含</span>A/B测试)验证假设并<span style="color: black;">最后</span>驱动业务增长。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">下面,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会从四个<span style="color: black;">过程</span>,<span style="color: black;">诠释</span>数据分析闭环的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>细节并用 Airbnb 的案例让<span style="color: black;">大众</span>更好的理解精益分析循环<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">指点</span>业务实践。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">精益数据分析模型</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">精益数据分析循环非常简单,它的4个<span style="color: black;">过程</span>清晰的解释了你该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>来用它<span style="color: black;">指点</span>业务。<span style="color: black;">首要</span>,要找出你想<span style="color: black;">提高</span>什么;<span style="color: black;">而后</span>创建并运行<span style="color: black;">实验</span>;最后衡量<span style="color: black;">实验</span>结果并决定采取什么行动。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个循环里结合了精益创业(精益创业<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>基于数据分析进行<span style="color: black;">连续</span>的迭代<span style="color: black;">提高</span>)的概念,它能帮你放大<span style="color: black;">已然</span>验证有效的想法,抛弃无效的想法,并<span style="color: black;">按照</span>数据反馈来<span style="color: black;">调节</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span>方向。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">用下面的这张图来<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>精益创业循环:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VptssYpeOVM2Y6sKezibmXk7jloicbImHyXxj681xCcT8JGqJlV4tcupdh80neHeej8GAz1ia7sia4yBWhgLCo3oBA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">上图的流程看起来有点<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>把它简化为任何业务和<span style="color: black;">机构</span>都能用于其数据分析实践的四个关键<span style="color: black;">过程</span>:指标--->假设---><span style="color: black;">实验</span>--->行动</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">过程</span>1:找出优化指标</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个循环<span style="color: black;">不可</span>帮你<span style="color: black;">认识</span>你的业务,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这是你的工作。你需要<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>业务最重要的是什么,以及需要改进什么。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">是<span style="color: black;">提高</span>转化率?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">是<span style="color: black;">提高</span>访客注册数?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">是<span style="color: black;">加强</span>用户分享率?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">还是降低用户流失比例?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能简单到就像让<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>人去你的餐馆就餐。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">关键在于,它必须是你业务的核心指标。</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你不是业务负责人,只负责增长,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>你可能需要业务管理者(老板或业务总监)帮你确定这个指标。这是好事,<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着你跟业务是<span style="color: black;">相关</span>系的,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>这个循环<span style="color: black;">最后</span>成功,你会让团队离<span style="color: black;">目的</span>更进一步。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">确定要改善什么指标的另一种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是<span style="color: black;">按照</span>你的<span style="color: black;">商场</span>模式。</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>举柠檬水摊的例子,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>你的<span style="color: black;">商场</span>模式<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一张表格,<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>记录了柠檬和糖的价格,经过摊点的人数,多少人停下来买水喝,以及你收费多少。<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>有四件事对你的生意很关键,其中一件有待改善。这<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>你的业务非常重要的一个指标。只选一个指标出来,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>你要优化它。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个指标跟 KPI <span style="color: black;">关联</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是购买人数,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>指标是转化率。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是发送的邀请数,指标<span style="color: black;">便是</span>病毒性。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是离开的付<span style="color: black;">花费</span>户数量,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>流失率。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">商场</span>模式<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能告诉你指标应该是什么。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你需要每杯柠檬水卖5美元<span style="color: black;">才可</span>达到收支平衡,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>你的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>, KPI 的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">过程</span>2:提出假设</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这是发挥你创造性的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>你<span style="color: black;">能够</span>进行<span style="color: black;">各样</span>类型的<span style="color: black;">实验</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一次营销活动</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">应用的重新设计</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">定价的改变</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">把运输成本纳入价格</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">改变吸引用户的方式</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尝试<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的平台</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">改变按钮文字</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">A/B测试一个新功能</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">无论<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>,提出假设是需要灵感的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>,你<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>两种方式找到灵感。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>得不到数据,你<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做<span style="color: black;">各样</span>尝试。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尝试理解市场。做调查,或<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>别人怎么做,或查看客户反馈,<span style="color: black;">或</span>简单地拿起<span style="color: black;">tel</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从竞争对手那里偷师。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有人做的很好,<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>模仿。但切记不要为了<span style="color: black;">区别</span>而<span style="color: black;">区别</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">学习最佳实践。<span style="color: black;">认识</span>其他<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的增长方式,从增长黑客到内容营销,并从中找灵感。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能获取数据,搞清楚用户之间有什么<span style="color: black;">区别</span>点。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>说,你在想办法降低流失率,有些用户<span style="color: black;">一月</span>都不退出,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>之间有什么<span style="color: black;">一起</span>点?最忠诚的客户跟其他人有什么<span style="color: black;">区别</span>点?<span style="color: black;">她们</span>都来自同一个<span style="color: black;">地区</span>?<span style="color: black;">她们</span>都买<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的东西?诸如此类。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">无论哪种方式,这个假设都来自于用户,问<span style="color: black;">她们</span>问题,或<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">假设这个词有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>的解释,个人觉得维基百科给的定义最贴切:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">人们把问题的<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为假设,<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“有<span style="color: black;">按照</span>的猜测”,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">是由于</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>证据得出的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对采取什么动作<span style="color: black;">才可</span>改善 KPI 所做出的有<span style="color: black;">按照</span>的猜测是基于<span style="color: black;">过程</span>1得到的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">过程</span>3:创建<span style="color: black;">实验</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一旦有了假设,你需要先回答3个问题再进入<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">过程</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>:<span style="color: black;">目的</span>受众是谁?</span></strong><span style="color: black;">事情的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>都是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>有人做了什么。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>你期望做什么呢?受众是所有人,还是用户中的一部分?<span style="color: black;">她们</span>是正确的受众吗?你能触达<span style="color: black;">她们</span>吗?直到你<span style="color: black;">知道</span>了你是要试图改变<span style="color: black;">那些</span>人的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>去吸引<span style="color: black;">她们</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">其次:你想让<span style="color: black;">她们</span>做什么?</span></strong><span style="color: black;">你<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>做的事情足够清晰<span style="color: black;">知道</span>吗?<span style="color: black;">她们</span>能很<span style="color: black;">容易</span>的,或是以自己的方式做吗?<span style="color: black;">她们</span>中有多少人今天做了这项操作?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第三:<span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>要这么做?</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>有价值的,并且充分信任你,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>才会做你<span style="color: black;">需求</span>做的事。你正确地激励<span style="color: black;">她们</span>了吗?当前的哪一项请求最有效?<span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>愿意为你的竞争对手做这件事?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">看起来 who 、what 和 why 这三个问题不难回答,但事实并非如此。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这需要你对客户有很深入的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>。在精益创业里,这叫做客户<span style="color: black;">研发</span>。创建<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的<span style="color: black;">过程</span>看起来就像是<span style="color: black;">这般</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">弄清楚什么人因<span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>做什么事,<span style="color: black;">才可</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>你定义的<span style="color: black;">目的</span> KPI 。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">这是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>采取行动的目的,用<span style="color: black;">可靠</span>的假设来创建<span style="color: black;">可靠</span>的<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。这种方式<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能让<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人理解<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的目的和<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一旦创建了<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,并设置数据分析来<span style="color: black;">按照</span>当前的基准和你设定的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>来衡量 KPI ,接下来<span style="color: black;">便是</span>运行<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">过程</span>4.衡量和决定要做什么</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">到这一步,就能<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>你的<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>成功。<span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>有了下面的几个<span style="color: black;">选取</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>试验成功,碉堡了。庆祝一番,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>继续找下一个最重要的指标,继续下一个 who , what ,why 周期。毕竟,生命不息,优化不止<span style="color: black;">吗</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">实验</span>失败,则需要重新审视<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的假设。<span style="color: black;">而后</span>把从失败的<span style="color: black;">实验</span>里学到的经验用于定义新的 who ,what , why 。即使是失败的<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能从中得到教训,就不算是浪费机会。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">实验</span>有一点结果,但不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>,<span style="color: black;">此时</span>候就应该尝试另一个<span style="color: black;">实验</span>了。一<span style="color: black;">起始</span>提出的假设依然有效,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>你<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>这次<span style="color: black;">实验</span>对接下来的<span style="color: black;">实验</span>进行优化,再试一次。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>流程之美,we’re being smart, fast, and iterative!制定<span style="color: black;">谨慎</span>的计划,衡量其结果,并围绕更接近<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>。识别,假设,测试,反应,以及重复。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">下面是一个<span style="color: black;">详细</span>的案例,来加深对精益数据分析循环的理解。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">案例:Airbnb</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Airbnb 是美国一家非常受欢迎的共享经济<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>闲时房屋租赁,<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>创造性的方式来实现增长,明智和数据驱动是它的代名词。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">过程</span>1:找出优化指标</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Airbnb 想优化的指标是房屋租赁天数,这对它们<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>比单纯衡量收入更重要:<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>房东出租房子的时间越久,<span style="color: black;">那样</span> Airbnb 的业务<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会变得更好。为了成就房东, Airbnb <span style="color: black;">经过</span>列出热门租住房源,来<span style="color: black;">保准</span>留存。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Airbnb <span style="color: black;">晓得</span>,要取得成功,需要大幅<span style="color: black;">加强</span>每家物业的租住率。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一个关键指标:“房屋租赁天数”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">KPI :房屋预定</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">目的</span>:不明</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当前水平:不明</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">过程</span>2:提出假设</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span> Airbnb 是怎么提出这个假设的,但<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>它能得到热门租住的房屋列表。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">可能<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>到这些热门租住房屋的照片看起来更专业。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">可能<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>到房客的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>投诉是房子的照片和<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">可能<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>人们在看了照片之后就放弃了列表。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">可能<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>分析了<span style="color: black;">照片</span>的元数据,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>房屋租赁跟昂贵的相机型号之间有很强的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">反正<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>得出了<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的假设:<span style="color: black;">照片</span>越好看,房子租的越好。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">过程</span>3:创建<span style="color: black;">实验</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有了这个假设,接下来<span style="color: black;">便是</span>创建<span style="color: black;">实验</span>了。<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,有一个清晰的假设能让创建<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">更易</span>。 Airbnb 的 who ,what ,why 如下:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">谁是<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>受众?在 Airbnb 上查看列表的游客。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">想让他们做什么?租房子更频繁。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">游客<span style="color: black;">为何</span>会<span style="color: black;">这般</span>做?<span style="color: black;">由于</span>照片看起来更专业,并且让房子看起来更美观。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>,这个<span style="color: black;">实验</span>就变<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">确定游客们<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>会<span style="color: black;">由于</span>更专业的照片列表更频繁地预定房子,并把房屋预定<span style="color: black;">提高</span> X%。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下, Airbnb 真的不需要任何当前数据,这就像对午餐的一次随机评论引出的假设。但即使假设不是<span style="color: black;">创立</span>在硬性数据中,<span style="color: black;">实验</span>设计<span style="color: black;">亦</span>必须<span style="color: black;">创立</span>在硬性数据上。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为了运行<span style="color: black;">实验</span>, Airbnb 创建了精益创业里的最小可行化<span style="color: black;">制品</span>(MVP)。就像魔法师:大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>辛苦的工作都是在幕后做的,但观众认为<span style="color: black;">她们</span>看到的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>真相。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Airbnb 不确定<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有效,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>团队不打算雇佣全职的摄像师或给应用添加一个新功能。但<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>必须对<span style="color: black;">实质</span>功能进行真实测试。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这给<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>一个很好的经验,你不需要建造一个宏伟的闪亮城堡,你不需要万事俱备才<span style="color: black;">起始</span>测试。你<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>小的,精益的,低成本的测试,只对客户测试你想测试的部分,来验证(或反驳)你的假设。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Airbnb 的<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">包括</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>看起来像是一个真实功能的东西,但其实只需要摄影师就能<span style="color: black;">处理</span>。在<span style="color: black;">实验</span>过程中,摄影师为房屋拍照,<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">测绘</span> KPI ,再把有摄影师拍照和没摄影师拍照的房屋进行对比。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VptssYpeOVM2Y6sKezibmXk7jloicbImHy2MZ0B0TyjlL9LUdJrZP6kF1uOWmQic9icKYwd7KNBelIkWlK0k1OMSPw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">过程</span>4.衡量表现</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在这个案例里, Airbnb 衡量了有专业摄影师拍摄的房屋以及屋主自己拍照的房屋的预定量。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>结果<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>?有专业摄影师拍照的房屋平均预订率翻了2-3倍。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">记住原始数据不是<span style="color: black;">独一</span>重要的部分,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>需要衡量统计<span style="color: black;">明显</span>。 Airbnb 的<span style="color: black;">实验</span>数据足够证明结果的可行度。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">—— Avinash</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">到2011年,<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>有了20名全职摄影师。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VptssYpeOVM2Y6sKezibmXk7jloicbImHyOsNIlQic83aTjwPiaq12s18dErl6PGePjvjTISkbTq8MoArbibT0njGVg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这张图非常令人印象深刻,对吧? Airbnb 的业务和<span style="color: black;">商场</span>模式做了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>对的事情,但精益过程和A/B测试是<span style="color: black;">加强</span>预订率的关键<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,显然,<span style="color: black;">实验</span>是成功的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">从 Airbnb 的案例中<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>学到什么?</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">精益数据分析循环是快速推动变革非常核心的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。精益数据分析循环和精益模式是一个整体,<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>用于处理不确定事件,但<span style="color: black;">她们</span>不是随机的。<span style="color: black;">第1</span>步里很大的考量是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>确定 KPI (<span style="color: black;">包括</span>“一个关键指标”),这将<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">实验</span>的指引。第二步里有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>,以<span style="color: black;">保证</span>能做出最佳假设,<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>深入清晰地定义 who , what , why 来弄清楚<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>进行<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。最后,衡量<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>成功。<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>内化吸收,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>成功。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">关于数分析闭环的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>思考</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">要让数据闭环的价值充分<span style="color: black;">表现</span>出来,企业必须具备两个核心<span style="color: black;">要求</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1.创造和<span style="color: black;">运用</span>数据的人,需要具备用数据来分析和决策的能力,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是能够把<span style="color: black;">详细</span>数据对应的业务<span style="color: black;">道理</span>理解清楚,这些人硅谷互联网圈<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>之为“增长黑客”。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">举例<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span> Airbnb 的一个A/B测试的<span style="color: black;">实验</span>结果是房屋详情浏览下降而订房率<span style="color: black;">提升</span>,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>说明什么问题?应该采取什么行动?是不是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>在<span style="color: black;">实验</span>里房屋展示列表改进了,让用户<span style="color: black;">能够</span>更加快速的<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>自己想要的房屋(从而减少浏览房屋的次数而<span style="color: black;">加强</span>下单的可能)?另一个相反的可能,<span style="color: black;">实验</span>里房屋列表展示有问题,让用户能点的房屋变少了,下单的<span style="color: black;">增多</span>仅仅是<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">实验</span>里<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了促销奖励?增长黑客需要对数据进行<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的判断,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>做出相应的决策(显然,<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的判断<span style="color: black;">常常</span>带来<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的决策)。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">实验</span>结果的分析不明朗,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>可能还需要重新设计<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>减少<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的变量,<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的<span style="color: black;">实验</span>版本。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>,<span style="color: black;">选取</span>合适的关键KPI<span style="color: black;">做为</span>核心优化指标(订单量),<span style="color: black;">实验</span>数据会更加容易分析。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2.产生数据的工具,需要<span style="color: black;">保准</span>数据的准确和可信,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是A/B测试的统计结果必须足够收敛。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">假如数据统计的结果是 B 版本比 A 版本<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了10%的下单,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>“误差”达到了50%,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>这个<span style="color: black;">实验</span>数据的可参考价值就几乎不存在了,<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>优化<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>用。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">在关键性的企业决策工作中,人的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>依然大于<span style="color: black;">设备</span>,<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>人<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>经验和思考<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>判断数据的可信性,从而避免让错误的数据带来错误的决策。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">原文链接:</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">http://www.kaushik.net/avinash/lean-analytics-cycle-metrics-hypothesis-experiment-act/</span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
你的话语如春风拂面,温暖了我的心房,真的很感谢。 在遇到你之前,我对人世间是否有真正的圣人是怀疑的。
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