6hz7vif 发表于 2024-6-22 04:26:17

医院检验报告单,这些知识你应该GET!


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">去医院,做了一堆<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>回来一看,啥都看不懂,看到数值不正常就</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在心里担心,是不是有啥问题,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>吃<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>、睡<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>,成天担心这担心那……</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今天,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就来普及一下<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>经常做的<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>体检的数据,高了,低了,阴性、阳性都是什么意思,给自己和家人收好了,别再担心咯~</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">血常规</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/dNXcETdOHAaib9TpujwC7TUQKCHJ1t5jUdiaP0drILSKF2ZpDyibhNpfx3ZY7q8YjzvFIburbvxaPC3PAqziadFBWw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/nkx18ibQgVwRuLTibNzGzZtRVowwMCUm1LKd7TMcRp1WCLbT4LtkaZiagMibcpiaZIgnia8WoJ0DufvND0vEBV5zWDBg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">血常规,俗<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“血象”,是临床上最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的一项血液<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。血常规中的许多指标都是病理改变常用的<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>指标,其中以白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白和血小板最具诊断参考价值。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">白细胞</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↓ &nbsp;偏低:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">说明身体抵抗力差,容易感冒、皮肤表面容易感<span style="color: black;">患病</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↑ &nbsp;偏高:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">说明身体可能有炎症,如扁桃体炎、肺炎、阑尾炎等,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>白细胞高得太多,则有可能跟血液病<span style="color: black;">相关</span>,应到医院血液科做进一步<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">红细胞</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↓ &nbsp;偏低:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">可能会贫血,典型的表现为上楼气喘吁吁,脸色蜡黄。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↑ &nbsp;偏高:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">会使得血液黏度增大,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>血液流通不畅。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">血小板</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↓ &nbsp;偏低:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">血小板减少或会存在再生<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>性贫血、放射性<span style="color: black;">损害</span>、急性白血病、上<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>道感染等症状或<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↑ &nbsp;偏高:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">血小板<span style="color: black;">增加</span>或会存在骨髓增生性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">医院的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>报告,这些知识你应该GET!</span></strong></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">白细胞</strong></span>:人体防御的卫士<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">白细胞是人体<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的防御细胞,对人体<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">守护</span>和防御功能。</strong>白细胞的正常参考值(4.0-10.0)×10^9个/L。<span style="color: black;">白细胞<span style="color: black;">按照</span>形态<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">中性粒细胞:</strong>在白细胞中所占百分率最高,达到(50%-70%),它能够吞噬和杀死细菌,防止细菌和有害物质侵入机体,是影响白细胞总数的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">淋巴细胞:</strong>与免疫<span style="color: black;">相关</span>,它是机体<span style="color: black;">守护</span>自己不受病原体侵袭的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>细胞,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>体液免疫和细胞免疫来发挥<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">单核细胞:</strong><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>很强的吞噬功能,能够从血液中清除死亡和不健康的细胞、废物和碎片以及杀死入侵的细菌。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">白细胞数量和功能<span style="color: black;">反常</span>多见于白细胞<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">病理性<span style="color: black;">增加</span>:</strong></span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>于急性感染、中毒或严重组织<span style="color: black;">损害</span>、白血病等。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">病理性减少:</strong></span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>于细菌或病毒感染、血液系统<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>(如低增生性白血病)以及免疫系统<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>等。</p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">红细胞</strong></span>:贫血的一个诊断标准<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">血红蛋白是红细胞的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">成份</span>,负责氧气的<span style="color: black;">传送</span>。它将氧气<span style="color: black;">传送</span>到各个组织,再将组织中的二氧化碳<span style="color: black;">传送</span>到肺脏后呼出体外,血液的颜色是红色的,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>与血红蛋白<span style="color: black;">相关</span>,故俗<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“血色素”。血红蛋白的正常参考值是:男性120--160g/L,女性110--150g/L,新生儿170---200g/L。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">临床上常用血红蛋白的指标<span style="color: black;">做为</span>贫血的一个诊断标准。</strong><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的贫血<span style="color: black;">包含</span>缺铁性贫血、维生素B12叶酸缺乏的营养性贫血、再生<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>性贫血以及溶血性贫血等。<strong style="color: blue;">不同的贫血有不同的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>要进一步<span style="color: black;">知道</span>诊断对症施治。</strong></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">血小板</strong></span>:能干的修补工<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">血小板的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>功能是止血和凝血、修补破损血管。血小板的正常参考值(100-300)*10^9/L。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">血小板若<span style="color: black;">小于</span>正常值:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">必要</span>加以<span style="color: black;">注意</span>,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它可能提示<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,如免疫性血小板减少症、脾功能亢进、再生<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>性贫血、急性白血病等。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">血小板若高于正常值:</span></strong>可能预示了原发性血小板<span style="color: black;">增加</span>症、<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可见于<span style="color: black;">各样</span>慢性感染或肿瘤等<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。</p><span style="color: black;">对指标偏离正常值的<span style="color: black;">诠释</span></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">应该<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,所有的这些指标与正常值稍有偏离属于正常现象,如受<span style="color: black;">心情</span>、环境的影响;剧烈运动、饱餐,或<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>某些<span style="color: black;">药品</span>后细胞都会有轻度的变化。<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">只要复查后指标恢复正常<span style="color: black;">就可</span>,但<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>掉以轻心,有问题<span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>复查。</strong></span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>会<span style="color: black;">按照</span>病人的性别、年龄、临床的症状以及体征等<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,结合其他指标进行分析和诊断。</span></p><span style="color: black;">什么<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下应该到血液科<span style="color: black;">检测</span></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.</span><span style="color: black;">面色苍白、头昏、乏力、心悸,皮肤黏膜淤斑淤点、黄染等。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.<span style="color: black;">血液<span style="color: black;">检测</span>白细胞、<span style="color: black;">红细胞、血红蛋白和血小板</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">升高</span>或降低</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3.颌下、颈部、腋下、腹股沟淋巴结肿大,<span style="color: black;">肝脾肿大等</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4.<span style="color: black;">其他如</span><span style="color: black;">不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的发热,或不思<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>,日渐消瘦等</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/dNXcETdOHAaib9TpujwC7TUQKCHJ1t5jUibBaqmuJld0b7StKlGGL5ZMQ1IlueMrskgvKF8lwjVBbTNU7DcuVYAg/640?tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">总胆固醇</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↓ &nbsp;偏低:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">或会存在甲亢;严重肝脏<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>;贫血、营养不良等。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↑ &nbsp;偏高:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">会<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>动脉粥样硬化<span style="color: black;">引起</span>心脑血管<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>;<span style="color: black;">各样</span>高脂血症、胆汁淤积性黄疸、甲减、类脂性肾病、糖尿病等;<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>吸烟、饮酒、精神紧张。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">低密度脂蛋白胆固醇</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↓ &nbsp;偏低:</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">没</span>β-脂蛋白血症、甲亢、吸收不良、肝硬化等。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↑ &nbsp;偏高:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">低密度脂蛋白胆固醇能够进人动脉壁细胞,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平过高能致动脉粥样硬化,使个体<span style="color: black;">处在</span>易患冠心病的危险;遗传性高脂蛋白血症、甲减、肾病<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>、<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>等。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">高密度脂蛋白胆固醇</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↓ &nbsp;偏低:</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>于动脉粥样硬化、急性感染、糖尿病、肾病<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>、应用雄激素等。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↑ 偏高:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">限制动脉粥样硬化的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>发展,起到抗动脉粥样硬化<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">甘油三酯</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↓ &nbsp;偏低:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">低β-脂蛋白血症或<span style="color: black;">没</span>低β-脂蛋白血症;严重肝病、吸收不良、甲亢、肾上腺皮质功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>等。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↑ 偏高:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">冠心病;原发性高血脂症、动脉粥样硬化症、<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>症、糖尿病、痛风、甲状旁腺功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>、肾病综合症等。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">肾功能</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">血尿酸</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↓ &nbsp;偏低:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">见于恶性贫血、Fanconi<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>等。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↑ &nbsp;偏高:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">肾小球滤过功能<span style="color: black;">损害</span>;<span style="color: black;">身体</span>尿酸生成<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">增加</span>,原发性痛风、多种血液病、恶性肿瘤、慢性铅中毒、<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>禁食等。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">血肌酐</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↓ &nbsp;偏低:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">老年人、消瘦者血肌酐会偏低,一旦<span style="color: black;">提升</span>,要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>肾功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>可能。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↑ &nbsp;偏高:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">见于<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的肾小球滤过功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尿素氮</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↓ &nbsp;偏低:</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>见于肾功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>、严重的肝脏<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>病人。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">↑ &nbsp;偏高:</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(1)肾功能不全、急性肾小球肾炎、肾盂肾炎、肾衰竭,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>其尿素<span style="color: black;">上升</span>与病情成正比。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(2)肾前<span style="color: black;">原因</span>如水肿,脱水,循环功能不全,心功能不全,休克等。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(3)肾后<span style="color: black;">原因</span>如尿路结石,前列腺肿瘤或肥大等<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的尿少;尿滞留。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(4)<span style="color: black;">身体</span>蛋白质分解旺盛,如上消化道<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、甲亢等。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(5)生理性<span style="color: black;">升高</span>见于高蛋白<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">肝功能</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/GOknJ7FibIEDDXSibXG8fuEcVaeN5MiceaK7Bc2PPVyVpRbo0qL3VQNZsibvzNzJeKjULtdHtqXhtSK7zviaa5picxpA/640?tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">丙氨酸氨基转移酶</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">↓ &nbsp;偏低:-</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↑ &nbsp;偏高:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">多见于肝胆<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>如病毒性肝炎、肝癌、肝硬化活动期、中毒性肝炎、脂肪肝,胆结石,胆管炎,胆囊炎;心血管<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>如心肌梗死、心肌炎、心功能不全时的肝淤血、脑<span style="color: black;">流血</span>等;骨骼肌病如多发性肌炎、肌营养不良等。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">谷草转氨酶</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↓ &nbsp;偏低:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">-</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↑ &nbsp;偏高:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">急性肝炎、<span style="color: black;">药品</span>中毒性肝坏死,肝癌,肝硬化,慢性肝炎,心肌炎,胸膜炎,肾炎及肺炎;进行性肌营养不良,皮肌炎,脐压性肌肉<span style="color: black;">损害</span>时<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">碱性磷酸酶</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↓ &nbsp;偏低:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">重症慢性肾炎、儿童甲状腺机能不全、贫血等。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">↑ &nbsp;偏高:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">骨骼<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>如佝偻病、软骨病、骨恶性肿瘤、恶性肿瘤骨转移等;肝胆<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>如肝外胆道阻塞、肝癌、肝硬化、毛细胆管性肝炎等;公众号脉脉养生只做最新最专业的养生知识。其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>如甲状旁腺机能亢进。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">尿常规</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尿蛋白</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">阴性:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">正常</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">阳性:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">或因精神紧张、剧烈运动、妊娠期等<span style="color: black;">导致</span>,<span style="color: black;">另外</span>急慢性肾小球肾炎、肾盂肾炎等<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">表示</span>尿蛋白阳性。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尿白细胞</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">阴性:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">正常</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">阳性:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">泌尿生殖系统炎症、膀胱炎、尿道炎、前列腺炎;肾盂炎、肾盂肾炎、肾结核;淋病及泌尿生殖系统肿瘤。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尿糖</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">阴性:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">正常</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">阳性:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">糖尿病、肾性糖尿、颅内高压、甲亢、垂体前叶功能亢进及嗜铬细胞瘤等。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尿酮体</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">阴性:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">正常</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">阳性:</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(1)生理性:过度饥饿、分娩后、<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>多量脂肪。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(2)病理性:糖尿病酸中毒、妊娠等。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">肿瘤标志物检测</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">甲胎蛋白AFP</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">原发性肝癌的最灵敏、最特异的肿瘤标志,女性妊娠期<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">癌胚抗原CEA</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">胃肠道肿瘤、胰腺恶性肿瘤,肺癌等,<span style="color: black;">另外</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会存在结肠炎、胰腺炎、肝脏q<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、肺气肿等。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">CA15-3</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在乳腺癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌和胃肠道癌中指标均有<span style="color: black;">上升</span>,可<span style="color: black;">做为</span>监测乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>术后复发的最佳指标。在其它乳腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>和部分孕妇<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">CA19-9</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>该项指标较高。手术切除肿瘤后,CA19-9浓度会下降,如再<span style="color: black;">提升</span>,则可<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>复发。结直肠癌、胆囊癌、胆管癌、肝癌和胃癌的阳性率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会很高,若<span style="color: black;">同期</span>检测CEA和AFP可进一步<span style="color: black;">加强</span>阳性检测率。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">CA125</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">是上皮性卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌的标志物。胰腺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌和子宫内膜炎,急性胰腺炎、腹膜炎、肝炎、肝硬化腹水<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可使CA-125<span style="color: black;">上升</span>,CA-125<span style="color: black;">上升</span>还与肿瘤复发<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">PSA</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">前列腺癌的特异性标志物。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">乙肝5项</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">阳性即“大三阳”,多见于急性或慢性乙肝,病毒复制快,有传染性。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">HBsAg、HBeAb、HBcAb</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">阳性即“小三阳”,多见于急性乙肝趋向恢复、<span style="color: black;">没</span>症状HBV(乙肝病毒)携带者,病毒复制相对较慢,传染性相对较小。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">HBsAg、HBcAb</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">阳性见于<span style="color: black;">没</span>症状HBV(乙肝病毒)携带、急性HBV感染。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">HBsAb、HBeAb、HBcAb</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">阳性<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>感染后恢复,已<span style="color: black;">得到</span>免疫力。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">HBeAb、HBcAb</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">阳性<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>有既往感染史、急性HBV感染恢复期</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">HBsAb</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">阳性<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>接受过被动或主动免疫,对HBV(乙肝病毒)有免疫力。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">HBcAb</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">阳性<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>急性HBV(乙肝病毒)感染核心窗口期(尚未发病但可传染)。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:</span><span style="color: black;">复旦大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>华山医院</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/nkx18ibQgVwSTtDCM7eQqrYhPRibblUCs53V5aibaHB3qiaa0iab1l6KmFUQ1aAm3TVYlVMCfRicfmMuSp9BYoHk9CWg/0?wx_fmt=gif&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/nkx18ibQgVwRWX6rRze9q4CR5ZCLH2tTODDviamDPRNR8WQVOukVlGHG9EkAHNY8bicmqUAToqCaQCpSQOXl40zPA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>




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