专访北大肿瘤医院院长助理宋玉琴:破解基药断供之谜
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">文 | 吴妮</p>编辑 | 杨中旭
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">进入2022年,新版基本<span style="color: black;">药品</span>目录修订在即。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此时,距离1982年中国<span style="color: black;">第1</span>版基药目录<span style="color: black;">已然</span>整整过去了40年。随着国力的<span style="color: black;">加强</span>和居民生活水平的攀升,基本<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的含义<span style="color: black;">亦</span>从最初的basic(基本)向essential(必需)迈进。曾几何时,赤脚<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>肩上药箱里的十几二十种basic<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,是<span style="color: black;">保证</span>发展中国家民众用药需求的底线;到了2018年基药目录修订时,已有12种临床急需的抗肿瘤新药被纳入,essential味道渐浓。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有传闻<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,相比于2018年的685种,新版基药目录将大幅扩容至千种。时针<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>拨回到新医改元年2009年,基药目录还<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>307种。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为更好<span style="color: black;">保证</span>民众基本用药需求,2019年10月,国务院办公厅<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>了“986政策”,即逐步实现政府办基层医疗卫生<span style="color: black;">公司</span>、二级公立医院、三级公立医院基本<span style="color: black;">药品</span>配备品种数量占比原则上分别不<span style="color: black;">小于</span>90%、80%、60%;还提出推动各级医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>形成以基本<span style="color: black;">药品</span>为主导的“1+X”(“1”为国家基本<span style="color: black;">药品</span>目录、“X”为非基本<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,由各地<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span>确定)用药模式,优化和规范用药结构。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>,全国各级医院的基药配备占比与<span style="color: black;">目的</span>之间尚存在差距。据2019年全国抽样调查,基层医疗卫生<span style="color: black;">公司</span>和<span style="color: black;">2、</span>三级公立医院基药<span style="color: black;">运用</span>品种占比分别为59%、45%、39%,未达到占比<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">曾有顶级三甲医院药剂科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>公开质疑,该院常备<span style="color: black;">药品</span>2000种,即使685种基药<span style="color: black;">所有</span>备齐,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>仅占<span style="color: black;">所有</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>的34%,距离达标还差26个百分点。由是,基药目录大幅扩容箭在弦上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">和发达国家基药目录/<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>目录合二为一不同,在发展中国家,<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>目录涵盖从低到高的需求,而基药目录则负责守住底线。新版基药目录修订之际,遵循何种标准,<span style="color: black;">作为</span>业内焦点。原国家食药监总局一位领导告诉《财健道》,基药目录抉择,有两条标准:<span style="color: black;">1、</span>临床上,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>说了算;<span style="color: black;">2、</span>供应上,遵循<span style="color: black;">药品</span>经济学原则,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是要<span style="color: black;">保准</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">恰当</span>利润,避免低价断供。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">基药断供,<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着“有了上顿没下顿”的恐慌,和治疗中断、手术停摆、家庭破产的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">更不幸的是,基药是断供的“重灾区”。《财健道》梳理<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,近5年内,全国各地<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的基药断供或短缺事件多达上百起,受到<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>的广泛关注。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">全国“两会”<span style="color: black;">时期</span>,北京大学肿瘤医院院长助理、淋巴肿瘤内科副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>宋玉琴教授接受了《财健道》的独家专访,以临床一线的行业视角,详解了这一民生<span style="color: black;">困难</span>。宋玉琴<span style="color: black;">做为</span>PI(学术带头人)<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">一起</span>PI,牵头70余项国内淋巴瘤<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>其所在中心承担的新药临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,占中国淋巴瘤注册临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的2/3,其中60%为I/II期新药临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这一切要从基药的基本<span style="color: black;">规律</span>说起。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">01</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>应<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>看待基药?</p>basic还是essential
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《财健道》:<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>理解基本<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的“基本”二字?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宋玉琴:我所理解的“基本”指的是essential(必需)而不是basic(基本)。essential<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着基药目录中的每一款药都不可或缺,即使有替代品,疗效和性价比<span style="color: black;">亦</span>比不上原<span style="color: black;">药物</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以阿糖胞苷为例,这是一种用于治疗多种成人、儿童白血病和其他脑膜恶性肿瘤的常用基药。它能够透过血脑屏障,在治疗这些<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>中是诱导化疗的核心<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。哪怕是<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>血液肿瘤<span style="color: black;">行业</span>最前沿的CAR-T疗法等,都<span style="color: black;">没</span>法替代阿糖胞苷的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《财健道》:随着医疗水平的<span style="color: black;">加强</span>,essential的范围是否会与时俱进地更新变化?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宋玉琴:我期待有更加<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的<span style="color: black;">调节</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>传统<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,在当年缺医少药的时候能够用到,后来有了疗效更好的替代品时,临床<span style="color: black;">已然</span>不太<span style="color: black;">必须</span>了。这些药应该从基药目录中淘汰。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>创新药<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>某个<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>不可替代的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>,<span style="color: black;">或</span>能<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>治愈率,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>大幅降价、减少<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的经济<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>。我不反对这类创新药调入基药目录。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">利妥昔单抗是一个例子。治疗侵袭性B细胞淋巴瘤的常用化疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>是CHOP<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,治愈率达40%。而利妥昔单抗+CHOP联合<span style="color: black;">方法</span>能将整体治愈率<span style="color: black;">加强</span>到55%-60%。2017年,利妥昔单抗进入<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>目录,价格从50ml/瓶16041元降到50ml/瓶8298元。利妥昔单抗的疗效和可及性,让我觉得它被调入2018版国家基药目录是<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《财健道》:在<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>发达经济体,<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>基本覆盖绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>临床用药,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">再也不</span>额外制定基药目录。<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>覆盖能力有限的发展中国家,除了<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>目录,还有一份强调安全性和可及性的基药目录。您<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>看待中国的基药目录和<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>目录之间的关系?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宋玉琴:基药目录和<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>目录有重合的部分,但不是完全相同的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>要<span style="color: black;">知道</span>纳入<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>目录的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,<span style="color: black;">第1</span>,该<span style="color: black;">药物</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>验证一个或多个适应症;第二,价格<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>,符合国家的支付能力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这般</span>的话,<span style="color: black;">有些</span>基药不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>能进<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>目录。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>治疗复发难治淋巴瘤的吉西他滨,安全性高,疗效好,可惜<span style="color: black;">无</span>适应症。但反过来想,吉西他滨不<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>进<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>目录,它的价格低,老<span style="color: black;">大众</span>自己就付得起。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>药,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>纳入<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>目录,但不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要纳入基药目录。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>适应症为复发难治霍奇金淋巴瘤的几款PD-1单抗。全国每年新增的霍奇金淋巴瘤病例约为7000例,发展为复发难治<span style="color: black;">必须</span>用PD-1单抗的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>占<span style="color: black;">少许</span>。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>少,带给国家<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>的<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>小,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>将这些PD-1单抗纳入<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>目录。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《财健道》:既然基药(目录)<span style="color: black;">道理</span>重大,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">是否</span>应该给予基药供应<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的<span style="color: black;">注意</span>?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宋玉琴:<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>将基药视作和粮油菜肉蛋奶<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的民生商品。粮油菜肉蛋奶<span style="color: black;">必须</span>供应充足、价格总体稳定,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>人民群众基本生活。基药<span style="color: black;">亦</span>需如此,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>筑起人民群众的生命<span style="color: black;">保证</span>线。<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>单纯依赖从海外进口基药,否则只要海外供应中断,国内社会的不稳定性就会陡然<span style="color: black;">提升</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">02</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">保证</span>基药供应的核心:</p>价格,价格,还是价格
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《财健道》:<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>梳理<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,近5年内,全国各地<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的基药断供或短缺事件多达上百起。您认为基药断供频发的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是什么?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宋玉琴:<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是基药价格低。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">基药价格低,药企的利润空间被压缩,生产积极性大受影响,断供就<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>可能<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>把板子拍在药企身上,未免头痛医头,脚痛医脚。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">实行<span style="color: black;">药物</span>“零加成”后,<span style="color: black;">没</span>论<span style="color: black;">药物</span>定价高低,公立医院都<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">药物</span>的加成利润。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>基本用药用量小,品种多,会占医院库存和管理成本,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>还有损耗,医院在采购上的积极性可能就不高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">长此以往,医院对基药需求量减少,基药的销量随之降低。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,一款基药,药企在每年供应20万只的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,利润适中;<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>销量锐减至5万只,药企<span style="color: black;">没</span>法摊薄成本,利润成倍下滑,会转而把生产线投入到其他利润高的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>上。于是,基药断供接连<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《财健道》:<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">调节</span>对医院的激励机制,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>让基药的价格<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">优良</span>呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宋玉琴:DRG付费模式能够起到纠偏的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。在DRG付费模式下,超过支付标准的<span style="color: black;">花费</span><span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span><span style="color: black;">分部</span>不予支付,<span style="color: black;">小于</span>支付标准的结余部分则留给医院。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>像治疗霍奇金淋巴瘤常用的ABVD<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,一个周期花费5000元<span style="color: black;">上下</span>,能治好80%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。在DRG付费模式下,治疗霍奇金淋巴瘤的支付标准略高于5000元,<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">小于</span>其他高价等效<span style="color: black;">药物</span>的价格。此时,基药的低价<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">优良</span>。医院想要盈利,最好的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>是采用ABVD<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。医院对基药需求量<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,<span style="color: black;">药店</span>成本、药企销量的问题都迎刃而解了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">值得关注的是,<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>支付标准的<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>性很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>,<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>临床<span style="color: black;">实质</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>而定,给医院留出<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的利润空间,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>达到正向激励的目的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《财健道》:基药价格过低,<span style="color: black;">可否</span>会影响到<span style="color: black;">药物</span>质量?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宋玉琴:当然会。很久之前,有一家药厂为了节省成本、<span style="color: black;">加强</span>利用率,把两种基药放在同一条生产线生产。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>生产设备<span style="color: black;">无</span>清洗干净,第二种基药混杂了<span style="color: black;">第1</span>种基药的<span style="color: black;">成份</span>,<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>第二种基药的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>严重不良反应。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">面对这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,<span style="color: black;">处罚</span>是肯定要的,但我觉得<span style="color: black;">无</span>人<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>被<span style="color: black;">处罚</span>。治本之策,是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>为<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>保底利润的方式,减少类似悲剧的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《财健道》:<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>以此为起点,构建一个正向的循环?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宋玉琴:在价格上,要<span style="color: black;">准许</span>基药在<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>范围内涨价。我记得长春新碱(用于治疗急性白血病和恶性淋巴瘤,小细胞肺癌及乳腺癌)在<span style="color: black;">数年</span>前仅售15元/支,留给<span style="color: black;">公司</span>的利润空间太小,于是<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次断供。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">导致</span>社会的广泛关注后,药企决定恢复供应长春新碱,并将价格涨到50多元/支。2018年,长春新碱二度断供,再次恢复供应时价格是195元/支。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>长春新碱<span style="color: black;">始终</span>供应稳定,<span style="color: black;">最少</span>反映了<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的定价有<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">恰当</span>性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还要<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>的基药销量。我看好各级医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>分级<span style="color: black;">运用</span>基药的办法。<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,先对各级医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>的诊疗能力进行<span style="color: black;">评定</span>,再划定各级医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>应当配备的基药范围和比例,并<span style="color: black;">需求</span>它们<span style="color: black;">根据</span>各自的诊治范围和诊疗规范进行采购。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>,二级以下医院不具备开展恶性肿瘤治疗的能力。为了<span style="color: black;">保证</span>用药规范<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>,二级以下医院应配齐诊疗能力范围内的基药,而<span style="color: black;">没</span>需采购抗肿瘤类基药。具备更高肿瘤诊疗能力的医院,应该<span style="color: black;">根据</span>诊疗规范,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>抗肿瘤类基药,其他诊疗能力范围内的基药<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>缺席。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">药店</span>将基药采购回来后,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>自然会<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>能够<span style="color: black;">持续</span>规范临床<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>用药<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。当一个基<span style="color: black;">药物</span>种的全国销量有了<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">保证</span>,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>采购量相对稳定,生产厂家就能有看得见的利润,能够<span style="color: black;">保证</span>生产安全、调动生产积极性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《财健道》:今年,国家基药目录进入三年一次的<span style="color: black;">调节</span>期。人们期待的不仅是基药目录的<span style="color: black;">调节</span>,还有基药断供问题的<span style="color: black;">处理</span>。您觉得基药<span style="color: black;">关联</span>方的理想状态是什么样的?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宋玉琴:理想状态是各方都能有<span style="color: black;">存活</span>发展的空间,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>形成一种可<span style="color: black;">连续</span>的<span style="color: black;">保证</span>供应基药的模式。单纯打压任何一方,都不可<span style="color: black;">连续</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">面对关乎国计民生的基药,行业还需自律,持久地守住和实现基药的功能定位,即“<span style="color: black;">明显</span>基本、防治必需、<span style="color: black;">保证</span>供应、优先<span style="color: black;">运用</span>、<span style="color: black;">保准</span>质量、降低<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>”。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人<span style="color: black;">皆想</span>利润最大化,最后受苦的是<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>是谁?<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>所有人。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(作者系《财经》<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">- END -</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考文献</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【1】新纳儿童<span style="color: black;">药物</span>、禁入五类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>2021版基药目录征求意见,瞿依贤,2021</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【2】救命药<span style="color: black;">低价</span>药<span style="color: black;">为么</span>“快闪”断供,帅才 董小红,2019</p>【3】<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>数据告诉你:<span style="color: black;">药物</span>零加成,<span style="color: black;">处理</span>以药养医问题了吗,马赏 岳阳厦门大学经济学院和王亚南经济<span style="color: black;">科研</span>院,2019
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