第1批智能AI,已然学会性骚扰了
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">男性<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人会性骚扰?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">女性<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人<span style="color: black;">能够</span>模拟性高潮?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Chat GPT 性别<span style="color: black;">卑视</span>?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">谷歌仅30%为女性员工?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">原来,自诩先进的科技业,仍然深陷最古老的性别规训之中。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">人形<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人的“进化”</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>进化到会性骚扰了?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">前段时间,沙特阿拉伯制作的首个男性<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人“穆罕默德”,在一场<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>活动中,被指控“骚扰”女记者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当时他<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>伸手,试图触摸一位女记者的臀部。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">女记者<span style="color: black;">马上</span>转过身来,打断了他的动作。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-axegupay5k/2529c936ab1f4b3d8bc8ea436e63a3c7~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=6TDEVPeBCXAnlUkFGLzvnh79ti0%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">沙特<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人“性骚扰”女记者</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这段视频在网上疯传。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">制作<span style="color: black;">机构</span>出来<span style="color: black;">回复</span>,<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>穆罕默德的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>是“完全自主的”,并且“<span style="color: black;">无</span>偏离预期<span style="color: black;">行径</span>”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">该<span style="color: black;">机构</span>还<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>说,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>已<span style="color: black;">通告</span>所有与会者,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>记者,在“演示<span style="color: black;">时期</span>要与<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人保持安全距离”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">听起来反倒更令人毛骨悚然了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人性骚扰”事件一方面<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人的担忧,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>性别<span style="color: black;">卑视</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>被写入了人工智能的数据库。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">另一方面,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>都产生了一个相同的困惑:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">设备</span>人<span style="color: black;">为何</span>要有性别?</strong></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/3698c80a85f34e4a9a10c1973e82d0ed~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=CNvCngLVdOoCNRsZ%2FM5Fcm9QSlI%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">世界上<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>“索菲亚”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这本身是个<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>争议的问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>者认为给<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人赋予性别,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>使<span style="color: black;">她们</span>更具人类特征。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人制造商<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,性别化的<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人<span style="color: black;">通常</span>更好卖,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它<span style="color: black;">更易</span>与消费者<span style="color: black;">创立</span>联系。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">换句话说,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">设备</span>人越像人类,就越受欢迎。</strong>当然<span style="color: black;">类似</span>度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>存在一个临界点,一旦超过这个点,它会让人感觉恐惧。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">所说</span>的“恐怖谷理论”,1970年由日本<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人专家森昌弘提出。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/b5c4460e43924d8faaac1443763fe3ec~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=s4hOLXleZrdvJ4Ov2eheSMhBUII%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">恐怖谷理论</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而另一部分<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者则相信<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人性别化<span style="color: black;">坏处</span>大于利。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">理由是容易<span style="color: black;">引起</span>性别刻板印象。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">事实上,在现有人形<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人的创造中,性别刻板印象问题尤其<span style="color: black;">明显</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">海量</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>人延续了人类的性别分工。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>进行举重、体力劳动之类的<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人,总是男性<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而女性<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人<span style="color: black;">通常</span>担任服务类工作,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>接待、清洁打扫、护理等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以日本为例,<span style="color: black;">做为</span>最爱<span style="color: black;">开发</span>人形<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人的国家之一,日<span style="color: black;">自己</span>形<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说基本复刻了日本社会传统的性别规范。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2014年,《日<span style="color: black;">自己</span>工智能学会》杂志曾<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>过一场争议。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是其封面画着一位女性<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人,她拿着扫帚,看起来就像是正在做家务的家庭主妇。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当时有人质疑性别刻板印象太<span style="color: black;">显著</span>,闹到杂志出来道歉。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/fdf0480eadc64bd2b0a9051562743d05~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=GeOGItsuMrCXuvZWhTu0zYyvn30%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但这并不妨碍性别偏见在日本<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人身上继续复现。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2015年,日本一家酒店前台<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>人,当然,<span style="color: black;">所有</span>是女性机器人。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/add62b7f7d6f45ad974238012c005641~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=fN%2Bnk15LVhzw4PJk31H8pCl2vgU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">日本酒店的女性<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">同年,日本仿生<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人ERICA横空出世。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">她由日本“<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人之父”石黑浩团队<span style="color: black;">开发</span>,能和人自如对话,并且<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>表情反应,被认为是当时“最接近人类的<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">再<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>ERICA的性别特征,她身高167CM,23岁,身材匀<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,五官精致完美,原型来自30位选美冠军的照片。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/ed50b501235f47959aa596e5ca8db2eb~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=s0Bem%2FXtq3vrJm8tXlbN%2F5M0rT4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">ERICA与她的创造者石黑浩</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在展会上亮相时,她穿着连衣裙,<span style="color: black;">据述</span>凑近还能闻到香水味。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>ERICA鲜明的女性气质,她被<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">媒介</span>误读为“妻子型<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">声<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>她<strong style="color: blue;">“除了生<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>,什么都能做”</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>还有自<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>造谣其“售价10万,上市一小时遭疯抢”。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/d6c59bc57a9d44c189c9ac1b73dc7dd5~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=sfYeEcXsiyDzv40kNHTd%2Fas%2B5pw%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图源:网络</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但事实上,ERICA造价<span style="color: black;">昂贵</span>,功能仅限对话交流,<span style="color: black;">没法</span>独立行走,更<span style="color: black;">没法</span>下厨做家务,完全不是为宅男设计的“妻子”玩具。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">可见,<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人一旦被赋予性别,即便其设计本身并不服务于传统的性别叙事,但“她”大概率还是<span style="color: black;">没法</span>摆脱性别刻板印象,<span style="color: black;">没法</span>摆脱一厢情愿的男性幻想。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">另一类充斥刻板印象的<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>性爱<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2010年,“世界上<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个性爱<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人”Roxxxy 诞生,性别依然为女。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/b737f2869077427195e42ebbc9252661~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=nroHKLOC2EeAvbVgs%2BORMCKPx%2Bw%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">性爱机器人Roxxxy</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Roxxxy<span style="color: black;">能够</span>对身体接触做出反应,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>模拟性高潮。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">性爱<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人的发明,<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>了<span style="color: black;">海量</span>伦理争议。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一方面这些<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人<span style="color: black;">一般</span>有着夸张的女性特征,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>有些看起来像小<span style="color: black;">女子</span>,人们担心会加剧女性物化与性化。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">另一方面,制造<span style="color: black;">无</span>“性同意”能力的性爱<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>学者认为这是“放纵强奸幻想并促进强奸文化”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">想象赛博<span style="color: black;">女性</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实早在<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人被制造出来之前,人们对<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人的想象就已充斥各类文本。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然大部分想象总是赋予<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人性别特征,尤其是女性特征。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">拿电影<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个登上银幕的<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一位女性<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/a188b101045c41cb88b5d85ce3449574~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=5maS2G3r6wB5hz0WP9gl8K%2F3H4o%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图源:《大都会》</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">她出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>1927年德国导演弗里茨·朗的科幻电影《大都会》中。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">制造她的人,是一位男性科学狂人,他将自己梦中情人玛丽亚的脸,移植给一具金属制成的女性身体。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">于是<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人“玛丽亚”正式登场。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/9f1a18656cc4417fad32de39844b696e~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=GHoJTrpZPsthfroGn5llRHZLMpg%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图源:《大都会》</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">人类女性玛丽亚纯真善良圣洁,<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人玛丽亚是她的反面。不仅性感妖娆放荡,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>相当危险。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">她蛊惑众人,煽动<span style="color: black;">暴动</span>,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>被烧死在火刑柱上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">仿佛中世纪的女巫。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">学者许森指出,“当<span style="color: black;">设备</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>被视为恶魔般的、难以解释的威胁,混乱与毁灭的征兆……作家们就<span style="color: black;">起始</span>把类人<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人想象成女性。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一个投射男性欲望的<span style="color: black;">女性</span>,一个让男人深感恐惧的<span style="color: black;">女性</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这便是人工智能在电影中最原始的形态。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而它在后来的许多电影中都有延续发展。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>电影《她》和《机械姬》。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其中的女性<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人<span style="color: black;">一样</span>性感,<span style="color: black;">一样</span>危险。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">电影《她》中,男主西奥多和Ai萨曼莎日久生情,他以为“她”是独属于自己的完美情人,结果却<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>萨曼莎<span style="color: black;">同期</span>与8316个人<span style="color: black;">交流</span>,还和其中641人陷入热恋。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/7861b35d951645778a4aca1be098466f~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=QpsIBZp%2BoqToTsY6oFeuyv35XRQ%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图源:《她》</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然片中的Ai女主<span style="color: black;">无</span>实体,但她<span style="color: black;">持有</span>斯嘉丽·约翰逊的性感声音。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《机械姬》中的<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人伊娃,则利用男人对自己的感情,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>反杀创造和<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>她的男性造物者,逃出生天。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/d2d1c264d5f540738489c372f1a19d1b~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=Ig4w6739vc2UiB4x54mp%2FNOInGk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图源:《机械姬》</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">男人爱上女性<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人,却遭到背叛的母题,几十年来被反复书写。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">你会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,这些影片本质上讨论的并不是<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人的问题,而是男人和<span style="color: black;">女性</span>的问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">如《今日简史》作者尤瓦尔·赫拉利所说,它反映的不是人类对<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人的恐惧,而是男性对聪明女性的恐惧。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了危险的完美情人,另一分配给女性<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人的角色,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>完美情人。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">性感尤物+赛博版田螺姑娘。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">漂亮</span>温柔顺从且全能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">典型例子<span style="color: black;">便是</span>《银翼杀手2049》中的AI女友Joi。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上得厅堂下得厨房,百分百<span style="color: black;">心情</span>价值,<span style="color: black;">独一</span>不足<span style="color: black;">便是</span>看得见摸不着。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但为了和男主亲密接触,Joi<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>投影到真实女性身体,以她人的身体和男主<span style="color: black;">出现</span>关系。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这类女性<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说完全<span style="color: black;">做为</span>男性欲望对象而存在。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">她们满足的,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>男人的幻想。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/9e991eeb2d214f17b334560343d9a451~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=O0uR1EpFCreIpPegG1H0vLmpeK8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图源:《银翼杀手2049》</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1985年,美国著名学者唐娜·哈拉维曾<span style="color: black;">发布</span>重要的《赛博格宣言》,疾呼“宁做赛博格,不做女神”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">她认为赛博格能摧毁一切二元对立,颠覆性别界限,反抗父权。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但不管是从现实,还是从文艺想象来看,<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>的女性形象,仍在物化和性化中苦苦挣扎。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/c007ef81a56740059e22b17afe985f33~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=Yg%2Fn72jrjq6xkENi1gXMihUMbJk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图源:《洗脑影像:性、镜头和权力》</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">科技<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的性别<span style="color: black;">卑视</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">科技有性别<span style="color: black;">卑视</span>吗?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Tabi Jackson Gee和Freya Rose在《女性主义有什么用》中,斩钉截铁地回答——</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">“<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>带着固有偏见的男人和<span style="color: black;">女性</span>(<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是男人)创造的。”</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">科技产业曾是坚固的男性阵营,硅谷曾是臭名昭著的厌女天堂。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《看不见的女性》点明:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">「在科技行业,女性只占雇员的四分之一,占高管的11%;而美国一半以上的本科学位、一半的化学本科学位和近一半的数学本科学位都<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>女性<span style="color: black;">得到</span>的。超过40%的女性在科技<span style="color: black;">机构</span>工作10年后会离开,而男性<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>17%。」</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">到了元宇宙崛起,AI爆发、科技改变生活的2024年。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">女性处境有变更好吗?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">很遗憾,绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>科技<span style="color: black;">机构</span>中,女性员工仍然劳动力中占不到30%,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>限定在纯技术岗位,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>比例还要更低。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2014年,Google<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>员工性别比,女性占总劳动力的不到1/3。十年间企业疯狂扩张,员工人数大幅上涨。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但性别比仅上涨了4%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">科技界的性别<span style="color: black;">卑视</span>,难以撼动,进步微弱。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/1bdbfdc724ca47ef930d229b2c14f454~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=5cotnK7dwIOZDPKBaMypM5vrw3g%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">谷歌员工数趋势;谷歌性别比趋势。图源:Statista</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">物质世界充斥着不公。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">创立</span>在现实之上的造物,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>呈现镜像般的模拟。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">除了能直观呈现性别刻板印象的人形<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人,还有被<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span>应用的隐形偏见。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在AI图像<span style="color: black;">行业</span>,人们对chat GPT<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以“董事长”“<span style="color: black;">专家</span>”等关键词生成<span style="color: black;">照片</span>时,<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的几乎全是男性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而护士、老师等词语,生成的大<span style="color: black;">大都是</span>女性。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/facdf78bd4a14c3d8e4e126559f75e56~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=2qTw7GtXqT3n9Aqm4gquEGtUNo4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《How artificial intelligence reinforces gender bias》;FRANCE 24</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">谷歌翻译<span style="color: black;">亦</span>存在着类似问题,当网友以不具备性别指向的语言进行翻译时——</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“ta是<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>”被翻译为“他”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“ta是护士”则自动被判断为“她”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">这么说来,ai在<span style="color: black;">卑视</span>女性方面确实很智能。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">生活中,人们<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的语音导航是女性的声音,电子设备上的智能助手皆为女性的人设。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">面对“你是个荡妇”的辱骂,苹果<span style="color: black;">机构</span>曾为siri设置“<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>我能,我会脸红”<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的回答。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">“她们”是百依百顺的服务者、人造的田螺姑娘,模糊着现实与赛博的界限。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">性别的操演不止如此。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">亚马逊的招聘系统曾挑选出女性的简历,打上更低的评分。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/a07ceeefa5de4cc4b489c2d8a381df54~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=xP9o4JQrfsMFKLmuqm4TsuDiOBU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图源:Reuters</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">设定为19岁<span style="color: black;">女子</span>的微软聊天助手Tay,被厌女、右倾用户恶意灌输资料,于是学会了发布恐怖主义、性别<span style="color: black;">卑视</span>言论。上线一天就被紧急下架。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p6-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/15a13bb0e9f047478f885a04347d035d~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=tSRHD7ItCyeT9bHKQKljxR%2F%2BuZk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图源:Twitter</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2023年,经过上百张照片测试,卫报记者<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,AI会认为女性的<span style="color: black;">露出</span>照片比男性更具备性暗示。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">仅仅孕妇露出肚子,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被认定含有色情内容。而光膀子的男性,却不被识别出<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">负责<span style="color: black;">照片</span>识别的AI,具备人类<span style="color: black;">通常</span>的双重标准。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>投入<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,女性的空间会更加狭窄。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/9ceab9f216144524acc3fb21d24722a1~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=BGeEyEOW6rFD8jPbItOEyqWzWgM%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图源:The Guardian</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">遗憾的是,人们本对科技有着积极的想象。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1994年英国哲学家Sadie Plant创造了“网络女权主义”一词。后来Donna Haraway完善 理论,认为生化电子人能<span style="color: black;">处理</span>人类的性别倾轧。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">人工智能被赋予了“技术中立”的期待。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但在巴蒂亚·弗莱德曼(Batya Friedman)和海伦·尼森鲍姆(Helen Nissenbaum)的理论中,三种计算偏见类型<span style="color: black;">非常</span><span style="color: black;">广泛</span>:先行偏见、技术偏见和浮现偏见。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如今<span style="color: black;">亦</span>越来越多案例<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,技术在<span style="color: black;">实质</span>应用中可能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>算法将偏见自动化。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/c33a616f3dba42968568abe32f32d1a3~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=CryWIH1OtPRaZ0fmIUWVte03MHk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图源:公众号@联合国</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">数字性别鸿沟越来越大。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">格子衫<span style="color: black;">作为</span>码农的代<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,程序员<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的都是男人。女性的聪明、<span style="color: black;">规律</span>、理性不被承认,面临贬抑。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>一位女性出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>编程<span style="color: black;">行业</span>,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>等待她的可能是“程序媛”的污名。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而赛博空间里,女性依旧被消费、被凝视、被形塑,这是现实观念的镜子。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">技术诚然中立、<span style="color: black;">有效</span>、相对客观。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但再<span style="color: black;">精细</span>的算法仍躲<span style="color: black;">不外</span>名为“偏见”的病毒程序。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">缺少女性视角的产物,注定<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>这一半人类,以及<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>群体的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>与感受。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2014年,苹果<span style="color: black;">机构</span>推出健康检测系统,全面到<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>人体铜和钼的摄入量,却<span style="color: black;">没法</span>记录<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>周期。直到2019年,电子<span style="color: black;">制品</span>中才<span style="color: black;">相关</span>于<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>的emoji表情。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/2d51cea351c045ac8486dac8791c0fa6~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=lmqpi7xzKMwrS5NdNG7a0zixJAw%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图源:emoji</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">众多生物<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,智能医疗的<span style="color: black;">研发</span>忽略女性的生物数据,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>诊断<span style="color: black;">危害</span>加剧。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">科技不可避免地<span style="color: black;">作为</span>特权的工具。女性、有色族裔等边缘人士更加不可见。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/5a4e4ea1be3d4c89abc7cc6ed79d7de1~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1727626197&x-signature=cOx7UloPGYGSkpWdK3ezMFmoQ5U%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《How artificial intelligence reinforces gender bias》;FRANCE 24</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">无论<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>创造新名词,贩卖新概念,强调科技是<span style="color: black;">将来</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>看清,这个美好<span style="color: black;">将来</span>里<span style="color: black;">日前</span>不<span style="color: black;">包含</span>女性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">AI当然可能会创造一个更好的世界。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">但前提是,还需要<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>女性<span style="color: black;">专家</span>,<span style="color: black;">或</span>说<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>更具性别平等<span style="color: black;">认识</span>的人类的参与。</strong></p>
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