“AI小作文”引科大讯飞、百度互掐,“AI诈骗”谁来担责?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/07B1RzHXu3fPSK5kRpIm2uROSl9PVEia0vALvVb1mxhfGN6aes5Qibm0oJMvxWyXicFybhtzGnK7IWL9zic8ktFQJA/640?wx_fmt=gif&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&tp=webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">前言</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“AI小作文”引科大讯飞、百度互掐</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5月</span><span style="color: black;">24日,科大讯飞盘中接近跌停,起因直指两篇网传“小作文”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">盘后,科大讯飞在深交所互动易平台上对<span style="color: black;">以上</span>传言回复道,纳入实体<span style="color: black;">名单</span><span style="color: black;">信息</span>是对2019年5月23日<span style="color: black;">关联</span>信息的复制粘贴。科大讯飞已于2019年10月被<span style="color: black;">加入</span>实体<span style="color: black;">名单</span>。关于采集用户隐私数据<span style="color: black;">信息</span>,科大讯飞则回复道,<span style="color: black;">关联</span>流传文字及截图,<span style="color: black;">机构</span>初步判断该段不实信息系某AI生成式软件生成。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科大讯飞<span style="color: black;">刚才</span>辟谣,就引来百度文心一言市场负责人张文全在<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>圈怒怼,<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>:“听闻有友商把自己股价大跌,归咎于有人利用文心一言写了篇命题小作文,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是醉了。先别说小作文这事真假(<span style="color: black;">日前</span>看来只怕是策划痕迹太重),<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>AI作文有这本事,百度员工自己先炒一下自己股价不香吗?中国发展自己的大模型技术挺<span style="color: black;">不易</span>的把精力放到正事上吧,还请友商<span style="color: black;">处理</span>好自己的问题,别动不动就碰瓷别人,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>的眼睛都雪亮的。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5月25日,科大讯飞股价低开低走,<span style="color: black;">截止</span>收盘,报55.61元,跌幅1.7%。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尽管是两家<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的互掐,但<span style="color: black;">背面</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>引申出来更大的法律问题:随着人工智能技术愈发普及,应当<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>规避AI<span style="color: black;">危害</span>?<span style="color: black;">关联</span>平台方<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>要担责?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">AI小作文引来“互掐”</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">24日下午,市场上<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了和科大讯飞<span style="color: black;">关联</span>两个传言。<span style="color: black;">第1</span>篇小作文<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,有<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>援引知情人士的话<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,美国正在<span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>将科大讯飞、美亚柏科等加入“实体名单”,禁止它们<span style="color: black;">运用</span>美国的组件或软件。第二篇小作文<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,近期,科大讯飞被曝涉嫌<span style="color: black;">海量</span>采集用户隐私数据,并将其用于人工智能<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个传闻,科大讯飞回复<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,已于2019年10月被<span style="color: black;">加入</span>实体<span style="color: black;">名单</span>。被<span style="color: black;">加入</span>实体<span style="color: black;">名单</span>后,科大讯飞已<span style="color: black;">快速</span>切换到以国产供应链为主的非美供应链体系,继续为客户<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">优秀</span>的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>和服务,业务运营未受到重大影响。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而关于第二个传闻,则是“AI诈骗”。科大讯飞<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>5月23日下午<span style="color: black;">关联</span>流传文字及截图,<span style="color: black;">机构</span>初步判断该段不实信息系某AI生成式软件生成。并<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,“<span style="color: black;">针对</span>恶意抹黑、捏造虚假信息,损害我司名誉权的<span style="color: black;">公司</span>或个人,<span style="color: black;">机构</span>会借助法律武器<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>和投资者利益。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">机构</span>高度<span style="color: black;">注重</span>企业信息安全及个人隐私信息<span style="color: black;">守护</span>,将信息安全管理<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>发展的重要支撑战略之一,并<span style="color: black;">创立</span>了完善严格的信息安全和隐私<span style="color: black;">守护</span>体系。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">虽然并未点名是来自于哪家AI生成式软件,但从流传的截图可知,该软件的标志正是百度的大语言模型、生成式AI<span style="color: black;">制品</span>“文心一言”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>引来文心一言负责人直接“开怼”。5月24日晚,百度文心一言市场部负责人张全文<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>圈<span style="color: black;">回复</span>道,“听闻有友商把自己股价大跌,归咎于有人利用文心一言写了篇命题小作文,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是醉了。先别说小作文这事真假(<span style="color: black;">日前</span>看来只怕是策划痕迹太重),<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>AI作文有这本事,百度员工自己先炒一下自己股价不香吗?”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">张全文直言,中国发展自己的大模型技术挺<span style="color: black;">不易</span>的,把精力放到正事上,请友商<span style="color: black;">处理</span>好自己的问题,别动不动就碰瓷别人。他还<span style="color: black;">暗示</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>无端的恶意抹黑污蔑,将采取法律<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>百度的最新回复,科大讯飞方面暂未向记者作出<span style="color: black;">回复</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">AI龙头一季度亏损</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今年初<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,人工智能赛道因ChatGPT而大热,有着“人工智能国家队”之<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>的科大讯飞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>乘着东风,迎来股价翻倍上涨,相比年初市值已飙涨500亿元,</span><span style="color: black;">但回到<span style="color: black;">机构</span>基本面,今年一季度,科大讯飞近三年来扣非净利润首季<span style="color: black;">显现</span>首次亏损,</span><span style="color: black;">一季报<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,实现营业收入28.88亿元,同比下降17.64%;归属于上市<span style="color: black;">机构</span>股东的净利润亏损5790万元,上年同期净利润为1.1亿元;扣非净利润亏损3.381亿元,上年同期为盈利1.459亿元。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>业绩变化的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,科大讯飞的解释是,一方面是<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">外边</span>环境的影响,二是<span style="color: black;">机构</span>被<span style="color: black;">加入</span>实体<span style="color: black;">名单</span>后,从供应链到<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的合同签署需要<span style="color: black;">调节</span>的过程。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>投入<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。<span style="color: black;">机构</span>还<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,讯飞认知大模型<span style="color: black;">开发</span>攻关的新增投入<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度上影响了当期利润。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科大讯飞于5月6日推出星火认知大模型,科大讯飞董事长刘庆峰<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,认知大模型<span style="color: black;">作为</span>通用人工智能的曙光,科大讯飞有<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>实现“智能涌现”。当前讯飞星火认知大模型<span style="color: black;">已然</span>在文本生成、知识问答、数学能力三大能力上超过ChatGPT。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">刘庆峰还透露,6月9日,星火大模型将突破开放式问答,多轮对话能力和数学能力再升级;8月15日,星火认知大模型将突破代码能力,多模态交互再升级;10月24日,星火认知大模型通用模型将直接对标ChatGPT,其中中文能力超越后者,英文能力与后者相当。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">自ChatGPT大火之后,国内的人工智能<span style="color: black;">行业</span>就<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了江湖混战的局面。百度推出“文心一言”、阿里有“通义千问”、商汤推出“日日新”大模型,科大讯飞有“星火”大模型与之正面交战。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当前,市场人士<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>认为,上游的平台<span style="color: black;">已然</span>基本搭建完毕,下一<span style="color: black;">周期</span>大模型将<span style="color: black;">做为</span>触达人工智能的关键,AI+行情将以大模型为入口向AI+消费电子、AI+<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人等硬件<span style="color: black;">行业</span>与众多AI+应用<span style="color: black;">行业</span>演绎。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">AI诈骗谁来担责?</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>,ChatGPT的<span style="color: black;">面世</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">诱发</span>了各方<span style="color: black;">针对</span>大语言模型的监管与安全问题的担忧。3月31日,意大利率先宣布禁用ChatGPT。4月3日前后,德国、英国、韩国等监管<span style="color: black;">分部</span>纷纷采取<span style="color: black;">办法</span>加强对ChatGPT监管。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4月11日,我国<span style="color: black;">亦</span>出台了<span style="color: black;">第1</span>份对生成式AI进行监管的文件,国家互联网信息办公室正式发布《生成式人工智能服务管理办法(征求意见稿)》。同日,美国商务部就ChatGPT等AI工具监管<span style="color: black;">办法</span>公开征求意见。各地<span style="color: black;">针对</span>大模型监管的高度<span style="color: black;">注重</span>凸显了大模型自主可控<span style="color: black;">针对</span>个人隐私、行业数据乃至国家安全的重要<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对此次“AI小作文”所延伸出来的AI诈骗问题,科大讯飞在互动平台上<span style="color: black;">亦</span>作出<span style="color: black;">回复</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>:为更好地助力反诈工作,科大讯飞成立“反诈AI<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所”,在助力公安机关打击防范电信网络诈骗犯罪工作中,依托智能语音等人工智能技术应用,构建“打防宣”三位一体的反诈新格局。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,在防范方面,科大讯飞<span style="color: black;">安身</span><span style="color: black;">tel</span>类、网络类和短信类预警识别,进行技术研判分析,预警结果可与通信<span style="color: black;">分部</span>系统对接,对电信网络诈骗实现“置静音”“掐断”等处置。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>AI诈骗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的法律问题,北京市京师(上海)律师事务所律师李文玲告诉21世纪经济<span style="color: black;">报告</span>记者,“<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>人工智能生成的<span style="color: black;">文案</span>存在虚假宣传或误导性<span style="color: black;">描述</span>,可能违反<span style="color: black;">相关</span>虚假宣传的法律,<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>相应的纠纷。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">她<span style="color: black;">说到</span>,我国<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>AI自动生成<span style="color: black;">文案</span>的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>,并<span style="color: black;">无</span>出台相应的法律专门作出规制。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>,她说,“我国《网络安全法》规定了,任何个人和组织不得<span style="color: black;">运用</span>网络侵害他人名誉、隐私及知识产权,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>AI生成虚假信息毫无疑问违反了网络安全法的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>规定。基于我国<span style="color: black;">日前</span>对<span style="color: black;">触及</span>人工智能网络<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的法律规定,对<span style="color: black;">运用</span>AI可能<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的侵权<span style="color: black;">行径</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>参照民法典及<span style="color: black;">关联</span>民事法律中的规定进行处理。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>谁来担责的问题,李文玲<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是个人或组织<span style="color: black;">运用</span>人工智能系统生成侵犯他人合法权利的<span style="color: black;">文案</span>,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的个人或组织应当承担相应法律责任。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>人工智能系统<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>某个平台或<span style="color: black;">供给</span>者<span style="color: black;">供给</span>,该平台或<span style="color: black;">供给</span>者<span style="color: black;">针对</span>侵权<span style="color: black;">行径</span>有过错的<span style="color: black;">亦</span>应当承担<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的法律责任。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>人工智能侵权<span style="color: black;">行径</span>的内容多<span style="color: black;">经过</span>网络传播,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>我<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>法典的规定,网络服务<span style="color: black;">供给</span>者<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>侵权<span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>采取<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的,其<span style="color: black;">针对</span>损失的扩大部分,应当承担连带责任。</span></p>
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