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1fy07h 发表于 2024-9-30 02:31:54

韩国首都，越来越贵 | 地球知识局

    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/009d772f78ec4eba9dddb840a4e2c891~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=cvUgi%2B5prEOs5WyK1TqerPtj5Do%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(⊙_⊙)</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">每日</span>一篇<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>人文与地理</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">地球知识局——</span><a style="color: black;">韩国首都，越来越贵</a></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">NO.1663-韩国首都越来越贵</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">作者：中年维特</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 制图：孙绿 / 校稿：猫斯图 / 编辑：养乐多</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>，中文互联网上<span style="color: black;">韩国房价<span style="color: black;">大涨</span>50%</span>的旧闻再次被<span style="color: black;">热榜</span>，这或许是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>文化相近、境遇相同的<span style="color: black;">中国<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人隔着屏幕都能感受到切肤之痛。</span>不出意外的是，国内的批判再次集中并止步于财阀。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如今韩国面对<span style="color: black;">新冠加水灾</span>的双重压力，经济受挫、失业暴增，理论上并不是一个吹大<span style="color: black;">泡泡</span>的好<span style="color: black;">机会</span>。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>偏偏此时房价<span style="color: black;">大涨</span>，<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">作为</span>文在寅政府的又一个严峻挑战，</span><span style="color: black;">况且</span>显然这个挑战会<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>存在。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“SEOUL"都被淹没了</p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：LegoCamera / Shutterstock）▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/caa448615bb047329f5c2aa1f81cad53~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=SF5g0CskNtsV9NM0CWJVZ4X77mU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>，韩国房价到底有多贵？韩国政府又该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>应对呢？</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">绝望的<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">韩国的国土面积10万平方千米，其中<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>2成土地为平原，建设用地<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>仅占用5%。而在这片并不广大的国土之上，却生活了5000多万人，<span style="color: black;">这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>让韩国<span style="color: black;">作为</span>了<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>人口密度最大的国家之一。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">虽然在西太平洋诸国里面比</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">韩国是人口“很少”的一个</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但毕竟国土面积<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>中国的1％<span style="color: black;">上下</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">人口密度其实非常大▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/a8075683a95a4f45b39fd7bb20b64080~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=GiPvwsYJTVtT2jfPnwy8wfODSz8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">人多地少的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，人口<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>集中在<span style="color: black;">首尔及其周边地区。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">首尔的面积相当于北京五环以内，人口超过1000万，加上仁川、京畿道、牙山市、天安市和春川市<span style="color: black;">构成</span>的韩国首都圈，集中了2571万人，<span style="color: black;">占韩国总人口的49.8%。</span>面积大于首尔的第二大城市釜山，则仅有360万人。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">韩国广域市类似我国的直辖市</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">最重要的是首尔、仁川、釜山</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>在面积上首尔+仁川+京畿道<span style="color: black;">亦</span>还<span style="color: black;">无</span>北京市大▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/d48ebc8838914289a2b175dc3db635d2~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=t2qOXx0cKnBcIw%2FHec4dFBJ6b6A%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一城独大的样貌源于韩国独立后过于侧重发展首尔的结果，<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>产业聚集带动人口聚集的结果。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如今，<span style="color: black;">首尔贡献了全国七成的GDP，</span>集中了<span style="color: black;">把握</span>国家经济命脉的大企业总部。虽然韩国<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">拔除</span>了户口制度，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>城市之间的医疗、教育、养老等服务依旧存在赤裸裸的差距，<span style="color: black;">韩国最好的学校几乎都集中在首尔，</span>考入首尔大学的学生中七成是首尔当地人。首尔几乎<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">青年</span>人离开家乡奋斗的<span style="color: black;">独一</span>目的地。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首尔之外的学生面临的竞争显然更大</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经济和资源上的差异<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">青年</span>人<span style="color: black;">亦</span>只能<span style="color: black;">选取</span>大城市</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：peacefoo / Shutterstock）▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/ee330892d4954e33a75fe30052f3c3a5~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=u0tZSbbgpLQQTfxKjgUZvxI4QzE%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然早在朴正熙时代，政府就试图用开辟新区，用分散人口和产业的方式缓解大城市病，然而，在城市化加速的年代，<span style="color: black;">首尔的房价<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>城市扩张而停止上涨，</span>当年的新区江南区<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>了首尔房价最高的富人区。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首尔老城其实在江北</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">江南各区<span style="color: black;">做为</span>新区</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在数十年的建设下反而更为现代化▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/bdd1e01568fa46b7a7f06e1d5f8e5805~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=m%2B63z4leFqUw7WbnR%2Fn8KhPpIcA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">傍晚的江南区高层公寓</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：Johnathan21/ shuttersock）▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/3862caf5b25543758daa549a90bba548~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=NVediqwKZiE1IcwsNZ54QN0Lt6c%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">因为产业和人口过于集中，<span style="color: black;">首尔的房产供给量<span style="color: black;">显著</span>不足。</span>一个简单粗暴的办法是<span style="color: black;">增多</span>用地指标，但韩国的土地是私有产权，政府想要<span style="color: black;">研发</span>土地必须从私人手<span style="color: black;">中购买。<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是随着<span style="color: black;">守护</span>产权与尊重人权<span style="color: black;">认识</span>的逐步<span style="color: black;">加强</span>，成本越来越高，</span><span style="color: black;">拆迁越来越难。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首都就这么大，没法拆就没法建</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">即使老房子的土地利用率远<span style="color: black;">小于</span>高层公寓楼</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：photo_jeongh/ shutterstock）▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/92f9698cf9674bd7b07aef5f6d7bc26c~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=x9PHTxO3Hmkypyo0F82rxA9T9Xc%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">首尔前市长朴元淳自2011年上任后，出台的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>政策<span style="color: black;">亦</span>影响了新房的供给，他的班子共计取消了近400个<span style="color: black;">触及</span>拆迁与重建的项目，约25万套计划中的公寓落空。<span style="color: black;">从2018年韩国47.7%的住房房龄20年以上，</span>且呈<span style="color: black;">提升</span>趋势的数据看，首尔新房供应的矛盾只会更<span style="color: black;">明显</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">朴元淳是韩国历史上<span style="color: black;">第1</span>位任三届的首尔市长</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其政绩有目共睹</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：Korea.net）▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/4286c150c6fa441f868c7292eaf007f7~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=Pplrv9Cngni2M7n3kffy%2BfXzsHY%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">房价上涨当然不是仅仅源于紧俏的刚需，，<span style="color: black;">买涨不买跌的投机<span style="color: black;">行径</span></span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是催高房价的重要<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。2008年经济<span style="color: black;">危险</span><span style="color: black;">危险</span>后，韩国<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了房价下跌的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，到2013年时经济<span style="color: black;">已然</span>恢复，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>首尔首都区的房价却下跌了一到两成，挤掉的显然是投机带来的需求。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">买不起的仍然买不起</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：kyunghyun Min / shutterstock）▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/a9b9ea5ff86a41579cedc576b386aed0~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=KXfe7rSMSBdjs7psg20Xd4pmSpE%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">韩国人热衷投资首尔房产<span style="color: black;">背面</span>，<span style="color: black;">是<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>低利率、投资<span style="color: black;">选取</span>少、创业<span style="color: black;">危害</span>大、教育不公平的社会现实，</span>以及“有房的男人什么缺点都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>被<span style="color: black;">谅解</span>”的<span style="color: black;">结婚</span>市场<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>韩国<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不算高福利国家，但凡有点能力的老人都会<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>买房养老。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>东亚婚恋市场的硬通货</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">房子越涨，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就越重要</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">青年</span>人的婚恋，老年人的养老都需要一套房子做<span style="color: black;">基本</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：2p2play / Shutterstock）▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/bcebeddbb48b4fe3ad44507fedabda7e~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=lqE6Z1BCxEZI6YhgnXNLW%2FEuPwY%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">综合以上<span style="color: black;">原因</span>，韩国的炒房者主流并不是想象中老谋深算的资本家，<span style="color: black;">而是富裕的普通人，</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>的投机<span style="color: black;">行径</span>会表现出<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的从众、<span style="color: black;">茫然</span>特点。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>施政重点的房价管控</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今日的高房价<span style="color: black;">重点</span>源于16年<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>的上涨。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这一<span style="color: black;">时期</span>，韩国货币政策相对宽松，在<span style="color: black;">以上</span>社会现实的影响下，<span style="color: black;">刺激经济的钱纷纷进入楼市。</span>房价上涨进一步<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>跟风的投机<span style="color: black;">行径</span>，从而形成正反馈。首尔公寓的均价从2017年5月的每3.3平方米1731万韩元，上涨到了2020年7月的2678万韩元，<span style="color: black;">增幅高达54.7％。</span>对民生影响尤其严重的是，首尔<span style="color: black;">低价</span>公寓的涨幅比高级公寓更大。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重建公寓项目</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：kyunghyun Min / Shutterstock）▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/9c4be3e161714bc28c1484ab274b947e~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=nczrG2SVdDuExRW3TaJGM4QjQbI%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如今，首尔的房价收入比为25.1，位列<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>第18位，<span style="color: black;">已然</span>与杭州基本相当，<span style="color: black;">接近香港的一半。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尴尬之处在于，出身普通的<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人面对高房价，会有<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span>的被<span style="color: black;">掠夺</span>感，<span style="color: black;">而<span style="color: black;">她们</span>恰恰是<span style="color: black;">一起</span>民主党的基本盘。</span><span style="color: black;">因此</span>自上台<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>，文在寅政府<span style="color: black;">始终</span>把管控房价视作自己执政的重要任务，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>从事实看，房价的<span style="color: black;">控制</span>工作并不算成功。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">青年</span>人早晚要认识到买不起房这个现实</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：withGod / Shutterstock）▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/94e6994dd0254833b3bf51459ba4254b~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=ZpVP5QOxw7PSjVS5dvLD%2BIMYtHw%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">韩国政府其他方面的改革<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>可能反而推高了房价。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2019年末期，为了促进教育公平，现政府宣布在2025年之前<span style="color: black;">拔除</span>私立高中、外语高中和国际高中，预计将有79所“精英高中”受到波及。<span style="color: black;">信息</span>一出便<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>楼市震荡，<span style="color: black;">本来就与普通人无关的江南区、瑞草区学区房应声大涨。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">外来人员的买房<span style="color: black;">需要</span>大<span style="color: black;">大都是</span>为了下一代</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">东亚家长<span style="color: black;">针对</span>教育资源的看重超过了一切</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：Bannafarsai_Stock / Shutterstock）▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/c8359c7d06bd4ec9bf1bcdd4bb43845a~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=GPi0gDkQDQZUZzRYcOX30slfzdo%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了国内的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>，外国人在韩国购房的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>越来越<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>。从2017年5月<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>，共有7.5万亿韩元的外资流入韩国房地产市场，<span style="color: black;">买走了23000套住房，90%<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>首尔都市圈，</span>且呈逐年<span style="color: black;">提升</span>趋势——不出意料，其中半数是被中国人买走的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这些中国买家既可能是数量庞大的旅韩华侨，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能是个案里，<span style="color: black;">学习国内先进内卷经验，</span>购买多套住宅改造群租房获利的留学生。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">中国买家的购房<span style="color: black;">需要</span>除了自住外</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">还有很<span style="color: black;">大都是</span>为了投资</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">除了首都圈之外，旅游胜地<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是中国买家的心头好</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：Sagase48 / Shutterstock）▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/27f2a9010e7a4e31965488db41054977~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=MqhV48a5rW2NJbzOTfZNwfIaV0k%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与房价<span style="color: black;">一块</span>飞涨的还有租金。即使<span style="color: black;">针对</span>首尔出生的<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，只要在首尔工作，租房<span style="color: black;">亦</span>几乎是必须要经历的人生阶<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人薪水相对微薄，<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>房租价格的<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>程度更高。</span>为此韩国国会<span style="color: black;">经过</span>了《住宅租赁<span style="color: black;">守护</span>法》修正案，<span style="color: black;">按照</span>该修正案，租户<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>房东延长两年合同期，房东上调房租不得高于5%。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">韩国的考试院文化发展到<span style="color: black;">此刻</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">早已不是考生的专属空间</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">反而住满了漂在首都的<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/335c6353ce664faea66fc1f463c7c5e2~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=Rb7z8ys8iOSWAdsADTrQlw%2FIkVY%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结果法律出台的后<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>，<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>的房东们纷纷行动，首尔的房租整体上调了0.2%。更大的问题则在于，法律可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>房东改变策略，<span style="color: black;">由低押金、高折扣的年租，改为高押金、无折扣的月租，让<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人们在首都的起步更加困难。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">市面上的房产套数<span style="color: black;">亦</span>变少了。八月上旬，首尔的年租房供求指数高达180，<span style="color: black;">即每100套住房对应180个租房<span style="color: black;">需要</span>，</span>平民集中的江北地区这一指数高达188，这是2015年<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>首次。初衷是<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">青年</span>租房客的政策，最后却让租房客的生活变得更艰难了。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">新的政策与新的<span style="color: black;">需要</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">韩国政治本就有较为严重的两极化传统，<span style="color: black;">如今<span style="color: black;">一起</span>民主党政府暴露出调控房价不力的问题，</span>自然<span style="color: black;">亦</span>难逃政敌的攻击。不论在议会或是<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>，房价与房租都<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>热门讨论<span style="color: black;">专题</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>，<span style="color: black;">区别</span>立场的双方连涨价幅度都<span style="color: black;">无</span>达成一致。<span style="color: black;">保守立场的经济正义实践市民联合会</span>认为自文在寅上台<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>，房价涨幅高达52%，而韩国国土交通部长官则<span style="color: black;">保持</span>认为涨价幅度仅有11%。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">要好好学习天天向上</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">以后才买得起房</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：Chintung Lee / Shutterstock）▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/47104034aaff4c75bfccf0e882665783~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=o2%2B1ZRzf%2BYkdx2dD50KbdvjA7xI%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当房价压力转化为政治压力，韩国政府在今年七月密集出台政策，<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">加强</span>供给和<span style="color: black;">控制</span>炒房的两方面都有所<span style="color: black;">触及</span>，</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>供给的政策<span style="color: black;">包含</span>：计划将51万平方米的旧军事<span style="color: black;">设备</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>为新的<span style="color: black;">商场</span>中心，并<span style="color: black;">供给</span>20000户住宅；提议放宽对汝矣岛、狎鸥亭、蚕室等地区住宅的重建限制，加大住宅供给量。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其实<span style="color: black;">便是</span>把超级城市再扩大一圈</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：KizmoTek / shutterstock）▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/28c968d9f1c84baeb2dcced6c4714189~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=AzD9gKAN6Gc8A6dM1r3%2BDPkW0Lw%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">打击炒房的政策则<span style="color: black;">表现</span>在：多套房持有者进行房产交易时最高转<span style="color: black;">让税率<span style="color: black;">加强</span>至72%</span>；对持有<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>房产的家庭多收税，两套房家庭纳税标准<span style="color: black;">为</span><span style="color: black;">基准税率的20%</span>，三套房家庭纳税标准为<span style="color: black;">基准税率的30%</span>；<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>一<span style="color: black;">度<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>将容积率<span style="color: black;">加强</span>一倍至800%；对买房后6个月<span style="color: black;">无</span>居住</span>的<span style="color: black;">外国人征收20%的购置税。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">房地产税<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">守护</span>刚需</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但<span style="color: black;">针对</span>遏制房价上涨起不了太大<span style="color: black;">功效</span>...</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：Stock for you / Shutterstock）▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/fddd81f2df6c4b758d69dfdec9299838~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=0QZt3nzRjwdVR35ohVXV1%2BuEjww%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在今年7月20日，<span style="color: black;">一起</span>民主党再次<span style="color: black;">提交了推动迁都到世宗的提案，</span>试图从<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span>首尔一城独大的问题。但这显然是一个“百年大计”，远水解不了近渴。更讽刺的是，这个重大<span style="color: black;">好处</span>，<span style="color: black;">让世宗的地产交易量同比暴增404%，</span>长此以往，只怕世宗<span style="color: black;">作为</span>名副其实的新都时<span style="color: black;">已然</span>被炒<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>另一个江南区。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2003年，韩国国会就<span style="color: black;">经过</span>了《新行政首都<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>法》</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">房子都建了好几轮了</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">才有零星的行政机关搬过去</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：TONGAN LIM / shutterstock）▼</span></p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/ed765677a4b54c4089ca8b49fbdc203e~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=nUwLTLB0pH1W6vDJJVgbt0v9wBs%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在野党<span style="color: black;">始终</span>极力试图证明这些<span style="color: black;">措施</span>并未取得效果。<span style="color: black;">在高度政治对立的氛围之下，舆论场变<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>罗生门，</span>韩国政府的调控<span style="color: black;">措施</span><span style="color: black;">到底</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>成功，还需要等到政策落地后，从长计议。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>短期内，调控确实造<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>市场波动。重点管控地区房价<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">小于</span>周边，<span style="color: black;">投机客便纷纷认购新房，</span>造<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>75比1 的彩票级中房概率。二手房交易税率最高<span style="color: black;">提高</span>至72%的政策，<span style="color: black;">严重<span style="color: black;">控制</span>了二手房市场，</span>加之<span style="color: black;">日前</span>新规划土地尚未<span style="color: black;">研发</span>完毕，供给严重萎缩，又进一步<span style="color: black;">引起</span>刚需狠下心来恐慌性购房。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">首尔的房价涨势有所缓解，<span style="color: black;">却外溢给了其他城市，</span>让当地居民怨声载道。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如因迁都计划而房价翻倍的世宗市</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：</p>http://cnews.getnews.co.kr/）▼

    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/c3590986673c4ce297a44292227b6562~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1727803345&amp;x-signature=phUSrDVCH5J1pEEuwhkuEcBX2dU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">到<span style="color: black;">此时</span>，反对派们<span style="color: black;">最终</span>找到了足够的口实，指责<span style="color: black;">一起</span>民主党的政策违背市场原则，被市场反噬。<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">一起</span>民主党好心办了坏事，结果落得支持率下跌的下场。</span>只要首尔还是那座占据全国半数人口与七成GDP的城市，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>劳动人口继续向首尔集中的过程<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就不会改变，首尔住宅的供需失衡恐怕<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span>下去。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>回击，“文在寅新政”给出了一个新的计划——<span style="color: black;">到2025年40%的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>将采用居家办公的方式工作。</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>许，这是一劳永逸<span style="color: black;">处理</span>首尔房价问题的曙光。然而，需要把居者有其屋的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">拜托</span>于如此虚无缥缈的曙光，暴露出的恰恰是如今东亚房价问题的残酷。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考文献：</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=c&amp;Seq_Code=68789</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/contents_view.htm?lang=c&amp;menu_cate=issues&amp;board_seq=388997&amp;page=0&amp;board_code=</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.http://chinese.joins.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=98343</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.http://cnnews.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?cate=C01&amp;mcate=M1001&amp;nNewsNumb=20200753923&amp;nidx=53924</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.http://cnnews.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?cate=C01&amp;mcate=M1001&amp;nNewsNumb=20200854050&amp;nidx=54051</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.http://kostat.go.kr/portal/eng/pressReleases/8/7/index.board?bmode=read&amp;bSeq=&amp;aSeq=378503&amp;pageNo=1&amp;rowNum=10&amp;navCount=10&amp;currPg=&amp;searchInfo=&amp;sTarget=title&amp;sTxt=</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">*本文内容为作者<span style="color: black;">供给</span>，不<span style="color: black;">表率</span>地球知识局立场 </span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">封面<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：Marco Bicci / Shutterstock</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">END</span></p>

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