有一种癌症：常误诊，易复发，还没人晓得……
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">文| 菠萝</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（一）</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">先来个小测试：血液癌症一共有三大类，你都<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>么？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我做讲座的时候，<span style="color: black;">一般</span>50%以上的听众<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>俩：白血病和淋巴瘤。<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>嘛，是电视上见得多。尤其是白血病，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>电视剧里的男女主角，<span style="color: black;">一般</span>年纪轻轻就得了它。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今天菠萝要介绍的，<strong style="color: blue;">是绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人完全没听说过，<span style="color: black;">海量</span>中国<span style="color: black;">病人</span>被误诊而被错误治疗的第三类：多发性骨髓瘤。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">多发性骨髓瘤，是骨髓里的浆细胞<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了基因突变<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">失去控制</span>生长。骨髓里有<span style="color: black;">各样</span>各样和造血<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的细胞，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>造血干细胞、白细胞、红细胞、血小板等等，正常<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，浆细胞很少，占骨髓细胞的不到1% 。但在多发性骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>身上，恶性浆细胞<span style="color: black;">能够</span>占超过90%！<span style="color: black;">因为</span>恶性细胞挤占了空间和营养，<span style="color: black;">控制</span>了其它正常细胞的功能，因而<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span>症状。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-603d7c9a03e9efc97df2537d4a75ab13_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">多发性骨髓瘤并不<span style="color: black;">那样</span>罕见，<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>每年有13万<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，中国<span style="color: black;">每日</span>都有约18人死于这种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。它预后不太好，5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率不到50%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">它还有个特点：<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法治愈，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>处理得当，<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">很不幸，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人处理都<span style="color: black;">欠妥</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>在中国，<span style="color: black;">大众</span>对它的认识度太低了，远<span style="color: black;">小于</span>白血病和淋巴瘤，这可能要怪电视里漂亮的主角从来不得这个病。这其实怨不得编剧，<span style="color: black;">由于</span><strong style="color: blue;">多发性骨髓瘤是典型的中老年癌症，发病年龄平均是60～65岁，</strong><span style="color: black;">青年</span>人很少得。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但中国社会正在快速老龄化，多发性骨髓瘤肯定会越来越多，绝对<span style="color: black;">不该</span>该再被<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（二）</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">刚才说了，多发性骨髓瘤虽然极难治愈，但<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>管理。在美国，多发性骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率正在<span style="color: black;">逐步</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>，<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>从70年代的26%，涨到了60%<span style="color: black;">上下</span>，翻了一倍有余！</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个数字肯定还会继续<span style="color: black;">增多</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>近几年是多发性骨髓瘤新药爆发期，有好几个新药上市。尤其是2015年，一下子上市了4个新药。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-18181454041431bd116c0d0525e57726_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">它们<span style="color: black;">功效</span>机制不同，各有特点，给<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来了全新的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>，新一代蛋白酶体<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个<span style="color: black;">能够</span>口服的蛋白酶体<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂伊沙佐米，在不<span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的前提上，把<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>了半年！</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">（三）</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">相对美国，中国多发性骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，就远<span style="color: black;">无</span>这么<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>了。<span style="color: black;">最少</span>有三个大问题，<span style="color: black;">明显</span>拖累了中国<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的治疗效果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>，是误诊率高。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中国<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的治疗效果很<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">始终</span>都在看错误的科室，错误的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。直到去世，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人都<span style="color: black;">无</span>被正确诊断。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">多发性骨髓瘤症状多样，加上<span style="color: black;">公众</span><span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>对它都不熟悉，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>误诊率很高。本来应该去血液内科，但<span style="color: black;">她们</span>却穿梭于<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>科、神经内科、肾内科、消化科、耳鼻喉科……明明是多发性骨髓瘤，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>却被误诊为肺炎、肺癌、贫血、肾炎，等等。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人花了<span style="color: black;">没</span>数金钱，耽误了<span style="color: black;">海量</span>宝贵时间。即使能最后被确诊，<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">错失</span>最佳治疗时间，<span style="color: black;">处在</span>很晚期，回天乏术。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">中老年人<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的乏力</strong></p>
你的话语如春风拂面，温暖了我的心房，真的很感谢。
页:
[1]