血液检测癌症十大科研盘点
<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">点击上方<span style="color: black;">“CAIVD”</span>关注<span style="color: black;">咱们</span></span></strong><strong style="color: blue;">导语</strong> <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近年来,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们成功实现了利用血液检测手段来预测多种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>阿尔兹海默病、心血管<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>和癌症等,<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">专家</span>又是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>利用血液检测来有效预测并诊断多种癌症的呢?本文梳理<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>。</span></p><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重要</span>词:癌症;体外检测;分子标志物</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">初期</span>胰腺癌血液检测——将癌症杀灭在萌芽状态 </span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>宾夕法尼亚大学佩雷尔曼医学院的新<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,新鉴定的生物标志物小组<span style="color: black;">能够</span>为<span style="color: black;">初期</span>检测和更好地治疗胰腺癌铺平道路。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,美国每年有超过53,000人被诊断<span style="color: black;">身患</span>胰腺癌,这是癌症死亡的第四大<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>在科学转化医学中<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>描述的血液生物标志物正确地检测了<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在不同<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>的血液样本中的胰腺癌。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>直到<span style="color: black;">发展</span>期才被诊断出来,超过了<span style="color: black;">能够</span>手术切除肿瘤的程度。由宾夕法尼亚大学再生医学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所院长Ken Zaret博士和细胞与<span style="color: black;">生长</span>生物学教授Joseph Leidy教授和梅奥诊所的Gloria Petersen博士领导的一个小组,确定了一对<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">火速</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>的生物标志物<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。Zaret说:“从<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的模拟人类胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">发展</span>的细胞模型<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了释放的蛋白质,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>测试和验证了这些蛋白质的一个子集<span style="color: black;">做为</span>这种癌症的潜在<span style="color: black;">血液</span>生物标志物。作者预计,医疗保健<span style="color: black;">供给</span>者将<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>检测的生物标志物来测试胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的血液中存在的水平和来自<span style="color: black;">出现</span>胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>高的个体的血液,<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">哪些</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>一级<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性与胰腺癌有遗传倾向的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,或50岁以后突然<span style="color: black;">出现</span>糖尿病的人群的血液。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">新型血液检测能够在症状<span style="color: black;">显现</span>前预测癌症</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>阅读:This Simple Blood Test Can Predict Cancer Years Before Symptoms appear </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>一项<span style="color: black;">没</span>创性的癌症诊断前期<span style="color: black;">实验</span>效果<span style="color: black;">明显</span>,这一新突破有助于<span style="color: black;">将来</span>高精度癌症血液诊断与筛查技术的<span style="color: black;">加强</span>。这一技术的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>原理是检测血液中的肿瘤细胞特异性DNA,而前期的<span style="color: black;">实验</span>结果让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对癌症的诊断有迈进了一步。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">如今,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>癌症的诊断技术的最佳<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是活组织切片,即<span style="color: black;">经过</span>从肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>提取一小部分肿瘤组织进行切片分析。然而,切片法会产生<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的创伤,<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>在观察到有<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">体积</span>的肿瘤实体之后<span style="color: black;">才可</span>够进行组织提取。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们试图寻找基于血液的检测<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>能够在不进行手术的前提下进行癌症的诊断,不仅对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>低,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>能够使诊断的时间大幅提前。 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>肿瘤组织中的DNA碎片会进入血液中,即循环性肿瘤DNA(ctDNA),<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>的理论<span style="color: black;">基本</span>。<span style="color: black;">近期</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者们<span style="color: black;">始终</span>在寻找最佳的检测ctDNA的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,而在<span style="color: black;">近期</span>的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了最新的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>。<span style="color: black;">关联</span>结果<span style="color: black;">发布</span>在《Journal of Clinical Oncology》杂志上。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">PNAS:<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>利用简单的血液检测来诊断癌症? </span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">DOI:10.1073/pnas.1618088114 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>,一项<span style="color: black;">发布</span>在国际杂志Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences上的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>报告中,来自普渡大学的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>们<span style="color: black;">将来</span>或有望利用简单的血液检测来诊断和监测<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的癌症,从而或许就能够降低或消除<span style="color: black;">有些</span>侵入性手段的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,<span style="color: black;">文案</span>中,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者在<span style="color: black;">血液</span>中鉴别出了一系列蛋白质,当这些蛋白水平<span style="color: black;">上升</span>时就<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着<span style="color: black;">病人</span>会患上癌症。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>者Andy Tao<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的样本进行了分析,但这种血液检测手段似乎<span style="color: black;">针对</span>任何一种癌症和其它<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>都适用,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>还依赖于对<span style="color: black;">血液</span>中的微泡和外来体进行分析。蛋白质的磷酸化能够诱发癌细胞形成,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>诸如<span style="color: black;">有些</span>磷蛋白质等磷酸化蛋白或许就能够<span style="color: black;">做为</span>指示癌症的候选生物标志物;然而截止到<span style="color: black;">日前</span>为止,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>够对血液中的磷蛋白质进行春花,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>肝脏会释放磷酸酶到血液中,而磷酸酶能够对磷蛋白质进行脱磷酸<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">elife:新型血液检测<span style="color: black;">办法</span>可有效诊断卵巢癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span> </span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">DOI:10.7554/eLife.28932</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者们利用人工智能的手段<span style="color: black;">研发</span>出了快速准确诊断卵巢癌的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>血液样本中循环的microRNA网络与卵巢癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>之间有很强的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性。<span style="color: black;">关联</span>结果<span style="color: black;">发布</span>在<span style="color: black;">近期</span>一期的《elife》杂志上。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大部分被诊断<span style="color: black;">身患</span>卵巢癌的女性都<span style="color: black;">处在</span>癌症末期,其中仅有四分之一的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>能够存活5年以上的时间。然而,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>得到<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断的女性<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,存活的时间则会<span style="color: black;">明显</span>地<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>还<span style="color: black;">无</span>FDA<span style="color: black;">准许</span>的卵巢癌筛查手段,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>大规模地实现卵巢癌的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>很大的挑战。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>者们分析了血液样本中一类叫做microRNA的分子,这类分子<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>基因组非编码区表达产生,能够<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>其它基因的表达。 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Cancer Cell:新型血液活检技术可<span style="color: black;">经过</span>读取血小板信息来快速检测肺癌</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">DOI:10.1016/j.ccell.2017.07.004 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>,来自荷兰的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>设计了一种进行液体活检的不同<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,相比寻找血液中癌细胞DNA或其它生物标志物的证据而言,这种名为thromboSeq的新型检测手段能够<span style="color: black;">经过</span>检测被血液中循环血小板所吸收的肿瘤RNA来对非小细胞肺癌进行诊断,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>该技术的诊断准确率能够达到90%,非小细胞肺癌占到了大部分的肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>病例,相关<span style="color: black;">科研</span>刊登于国际杂志Cancer Cell上。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">文案</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>作者Myron Best<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,基于液体活检的癌症检测技术的目的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>在<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>一次性对所有癌症进行诊断,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>一体化的检测手段;而thromboSeq技术不仅能够<span style="color: black;">供给</span>对肺癌的诊断,还还能够潜在对任何一种癌症类型进行诊断,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>还能对不同的肿瘤类型进行分层分析。血小板是血液中形成血凝应对<span style="color: black;">损害</span>寿命较短的血细胞,然而血小板<span style="color: black;">同期</span>还会对一系列炎性事件和癌症产生反应,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>血小板<span style="color: black;">自己</span>并不<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>细胞核,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>血小板中的所有RNA都来自于巨核细胞或在循环血液中所吸收的RNA;相比肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>机体中的血小板而言,<span style="color: black;">没</span>癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>机体中的血小板<span style="color: black;">一般</span>含有不同类型的RNA。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Science子刊:新型胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>血液检测技术或有望进入临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed.aah5583 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前,一项刊登在国际杂志Science Translational Medicine上的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>报告中,来自宾夕法尼亚大学的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>出了一种新型生物标志物检测盘(biomarker panel),或能够<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>进行胰腺癌的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断并且<span style="color: black;">研发</span>新型治疗癌症的疗法;每年美国都有超过5.3万胰腺癌新发<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>胰腺癌是<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>死亡的第四大<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大部分胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都是到<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>晚期才被诊断出癌症,而<span style="color: black;">此时</span>候<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">错失</span>了肿瘤被手术移除的最佳<span style="color: black;">机会</span>;<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者Ken Zaret博士<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,<span style="color: black;">文案</span>中<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>鉴别出了一对生物标志物,其能够<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员及早对胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行诊断;<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对模拟人类胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">发展</span>的细胞模型进行<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员鉴别出了所释放的蛋白质,随后<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>这些蛋白质中的一个亚群能够<span style="color: black;">做为</span>诊断胰腺癌的潜在血液生物标志物。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>者Robert Vonderheide<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,对癌症进行<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断<span style="color: black;">针对</span>有效降低多种类型癌症对机体的影响非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>乳腺癌、结肠癌和宫颈癌等,<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">败兴</span><span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">始终</span>非常关注胰腺癌,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这种癌症<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是在<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>晚期<span style="color: black;">周期</span>才被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,以至于使得<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">错失</span>了最佳的治疗<span style="color: black;">机会</span>,对和<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>的生物标志物进行检测<span style="color: black;">常常</span>能够<span style="color: black;">显著</span>改善<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的治疗。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">7</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Nature Genetics 新型血液检测<span style="color: black;">能够</span>定位肿瘤生长部位!</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">DOI:10.1038/ng.3805 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校(UCSD)的生物工程师<span style="color: black;">研发</span>了一种检测癌症的新<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>确定<span style="color: black;">身体</span>正在生长的肿瘤的位置。这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了一种<span style="color: black;">没</span>创的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>成果于<span style="color: black;">近期</span><span style="color: black;">发布</span>在Nature Genetics上。 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">肿瘤血检<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>检测死亡肿瘤细胞释放出的DNA,这些测试<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>检测出癌症病人血液中少量的肿瘤细胞DNA,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>这些结果并<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>肿瘤所处的位置。“<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>肿瘤的位置<span style="color: black;">针对</span>有效的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。”UCSD工程学院生物工程学教授、论文通讯作者Kun Zhang说道。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,Zhang及其团队<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了血液中一个<span style="color: black;">能够</span>检测肿瘤细胞并定位肿瘤位置的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>线索。当肿瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">起始</span>在身体某个部位生长时,它们会和正常细胞争夺营养和空间,并在这个过程中杀死正常细胞。当这些正常细胞死亡后,它们会把DNA释放到血液中,而<span style="color: black;">经过</span>检测这些DNA就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>确定受影响的组织。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">8</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Oncotarget:利用血液中的microRNAs分子或可准确预测肝细胞癌</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">doi:10.18632/oncotarget.9429</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">肝细胞癌是一种最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的肝癌,其在美国的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率逐年增长,而感染乙肝病毒会<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>大约50%的肝细胞癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>;然而<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>者并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>有效鉴别出<span style="color: black;">那些</span>个体易患这类癌症,尽管<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>揭示了乙肝病毒驱动肝癌<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的分子特性,但<span style="color: black;">近期</span>刊登于Oncotarget杂志上的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,来自托马斯杰斐逊大学的研究者就<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>血液检测技术对一组特殊的microRNAs进行检测或许就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>预测高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>肝细胞癌的个体。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">文案</span>中,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者对<span style="color: black;">最后</span>患肝癌的一大群乙肝病毒感<span style="color: black;">患病</span>人进行<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,分析了<span style="color: black;">病人</span>血液样本中的分子特性;<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,在373名感染乙肝病毒但最初未患癌的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,40名个体在平均随访4.5年时患上了肝癌,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>血液中24种microRNAs进行了<span style="color: black;">关联</span>分析,结果<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,在<span style="color: black;">病人</span>患癌之前有15种microRNAs分子都改变了正常的基因表达模式,这就<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,这些分子或可被用来预测个体患肝癌的可能性。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者鉴别出了24种microRNAs分子,然而<span style="color: black;">她们</span>并不清楚这些microRNAs分子<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>肝癌的分子机制,<span style="color: black;">或</span>是<span style="color: black;">病人</span>机体<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>癌变后所<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>的结果;<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对病人进行跟踪<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,利用<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在患肝癌前去年的的血液样本进行分析,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者首次回答了<span style="color: black;">以上</span>问题,<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,此前<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>分析了来自<span style="color: black;">病人</span>活组织<span style="color: black;">检测</span>样本,而当前<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,血液中循环的microRNAs分子就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>预测<span style="color: black;">病人</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">9</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">新型血液检测技术能够<span style="color: black;">同期</span>鉴定五种癌症类型</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>阅读:A simple blood test could soon diagnose 5 deadly cancers at once </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">美国<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们鉴定出一类肿瘤特异性遗传标记,该标记特异性地存在于五种不同类型的癌症组织中。这一<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>能够<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>出一类简单的血液检测技术,用于癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这一遗传特征<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上是DNA甲基化修饰。DNA甲基化修饰能够调节不同基因的表达。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>鉴定得到这一甲基化生物标记,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们找到了五类不同癌症类型(大肠癌,肺癌,乳腺癌,胃癌以及子宫内膜肿瘤)的<span style="color: black;">一起</span>之处 “找到这一新型的甲基化遗传标记就像是从一片松林中寻找一棵云杉<span style="color: black;">同样</span>”,美国国家人类基因组<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所的计算生物学家Laura Elnitski说道。“完成这一课题,技术上存在不小的挑战。然而,<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>在‘ZNF154’基因<span style="color: black;">周边</span>存在DNA甲基化现象,这一现象特异性存在于肿瘤组织中”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">关联</span>结果<span style="color: black;">发布</span>在<span style="color: black;">近期</span>一期的《分子医学诊断杂志》上。 基于2013年该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>团队<span style="color: black;">报告</span>的“ZNF154基因甲基化”的鉴定结果,该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>认为这一甲基化特征<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>检测癌症的生物标记。“在<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>这一现象的当晚,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>课题组的成员都激动得难以入眠”,Elnitski说道:“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>都<span style="color: black;">非常</span>兴奋,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这是<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个能够<span style="color: black;">同期</span>鉴定多种不同类型癌症的生物标记”。在最新的这一<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,Elnitski等人利用PCR技术将不同肿瘤组织与正常组织中的DNA进行了提取与扩增,并且比较了它们之间基因表达的差异。结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>:在多种肿瘤组织中,ZNF154 基因的表达量<span style="color: black;">显著</span>上调。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">10</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Cancer Discov:新型血液检测技术或可对皮肤癌进行<span style="color: black;">初期</span>预警</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-1336 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">刊登在国际杂志Cancer Discovery上的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>论文中,来自英国癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中心曼彻斯特理工学院的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>了一种新型的血液检测技术,该技术<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>指示恶性黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>机体的病情复发。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">文案</span>中<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员对7名恶性黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>血液样本中的循环肿瘤DNA进行<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,此前<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中<span style="color: black;">她们</span>揭示了<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>血液中循环肿瘤DNA的水平来判断<span style="color: black;">病人</span>病情<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>复发,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>者还<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了诸如NRAS和PI3K等基因的新型突变,这些突变或许就会<span style="color: black;">经过</span>促进肿瘤对疗法耐受而<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>癌症复发。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在治疗初期<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都会对疗法产生反应,但癌症却会在一年内产生耐药性,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>本文<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>们利用循环肿瘤DNA来<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">指点</span>临床中对不同个体进行疗法的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。大约40%至50%的黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都会存在错误的BRAF基因,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>这些<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>利用维罗非尼或达拉菲尼进行治疗,但<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>而言这种疗法并<span style="color: black;">无</span>什么<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,<span style="color: black;">或</span>肿瘤会在较短的时间内产生耐药性,当耐药性<span style="color: black;">出现</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>就只能采用免疫疗法的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>进行治疗了,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>潘布陆利珠单抗(Pembrolizumab)等<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,而对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行<span style="color: black;">初期</span>检测或许<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>有效改善<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:生物谷 / 编辑:Jay</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">猜你<span style="color: black;">爱好</span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">·</span><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"> 700+<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">这里</span>恭候,明年相约重庆CACLP!</span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">· </span><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2018“创之声”第三届中国实验医学大会</span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">· 第五届博德中国(国际)体外诊断高峰论坛(BFIVD)</span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/fyCePWuTPKOia1h7aUN02ORYNVGAicLlDrCM9vbgX90Cvz65UFCREK9uaW0MLRT3zx06KATxc2HS0Vicyvw3nOsQg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
感谢你的精彩评论,为我的思绪打开了新的窗口。
页:
[1]