身体有癌，血液和尿液都能查！这7种肿瘤标志物，能早早查出癌症
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症是一类严重<span style="color: black;">害处</span>人们身体健康的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，其高致死率令人“闻癌色变”。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>随着社会科技的发展，医疗定量检测水平的<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">能够</span>被提前<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，这为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>治疗癌症和预后都<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了<span style="color: black;">极重</span>的<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>，临床上可<span style="color: black;">经过</span>用血液定量测定或试剂检测<span style="color: black;">得到</span>癌症标志物，能够<span style="color: black;">初期</span>预测癌症。临床上常用的肿瘤标志物有：CEA、AFP、CA19-9、CA242、LYVE1、REG1A和TFF1等。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-7c021cb7475daf11ffad696eb47f7238_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.癌胚抗原（CEA）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌胚抗原，在消化道肿瘤、肺癌、乳腺癌、生殖泌尿系肿瘤中<span style="color: black;">大都是</span><span style="color: black;">上升</span>的状态，是一种广谱癌症标志物，对腺癌较为<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>CEA<span style="color: black;">上升</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>辅助<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肠癌的诊断，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>CEA<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是对肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌和肺癌的疗效、病情<span style="color: black;">发展</span>、预后估计一个很好的参照物。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.甲胎蛋白（AFP）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲胎蛋白，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>原发性肝癌<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，是<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>高特异性和高灵敏度的癌症标志物。对80%肝癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，AFP值都是准确且灵敏的。原发性肝癌，常>400μg/L；病毒性肝炎与肝硬化，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>在300μg/L以下。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">AFP定量测定<span style="color: black;">办法</span>与超声检测相结合<span style="color: black;">更易</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>肝癌，是值得高危人群去检测的。值得<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是，<span style="color: black;">女性</span>妊娠3个月后血清AFP<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">上升</span>，7月后达到峰值，分娩后，<span style="color: black;">一月</span>内恢复正常。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.癌抗原（CA19-9）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌抗原（CA19-9）是胰腺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、胆囊癌的肿瘤标志物，对胰腺癌有较高的灵敏度和特异性，其阳性率在90% <span style="color: black;">上下</span>，为胰腺癌的早筛和病情监测<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了数据支持。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.癌抗原（CA15-3）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌抗原（CA15-3）是乳腺癌最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的特异性标志物。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性不高，<span style="color: black;">初期</span>阳性率为 60%，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>CA15-3对乳腺癌有<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的辅助诊断<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。盐酸表柔比星（力创）是乳腺癌辅助化疗的基石，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是临床<span style="color: black;">运用</span>最广泛的蒽环类广谱抗肿瘤<span style="color: black;">药品</span>，其反式结构，降低了心脏毒性，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了疗效。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.癌抗原（CA242）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌抗原（CA242）是近年来<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的一种较新的癌症标志物，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>胰腺癌和结肠癌<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，灵敏度高，特异性强，是两类肿瘤高危人群的正当之选。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-8e54f9ab9a3498cd62c7c44fc90e6be1_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.AQP1和PLIN2</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肾癌<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，<span style="color: black;">最少</span>能让80%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>下来。于是检测<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肾癌就<span style="color: black;">显出</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">美国的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员在肾癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的尿液样品中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>蛋白AQP1和PLIN2的水平都<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了，而在其他肾脏<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中并未<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>其改变，基于此，<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肾癌的准确率可高达95%，并且在其他肾脏<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>中，还未<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>假阳性的存在。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7. LYVE1、REG1A和TFF1</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一样</span>是检测尿液蛋白，英国的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对192名胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>、92名慢性胰腺炎<span style="color: black;">病人</span>和87名健康志愿者尿液进行比对，<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>尿液中的三种蛋白LYVE1、REG1A和TFF1浓度都<span style="color: black;">提升</span>了，而胰腺炎<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的尿液蛋白浓度是下降的。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>检测I期和II期胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，其准确率高达90%，是胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的福音。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤标志物阳性就<span style="color: black;">身患</span>肿瘤吗?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤标志物阳性不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>确诊了癌症！若要确诊，还要进一步用CT、彩超等<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的检查。<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>特异性100％的肿瘤标志物还<span style="color: black;">无</span>找到，每种肿瘤标志物都有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的假阳性，如妊娠、<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>、<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>等，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>依靠其他<span style="color: black;">检测</span>来确诊。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>有这么一个肿瘤标志物，就让医学发展迈开了一大步。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-d8f672c96388ab7570b972a5ae0adc55_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">迄今为止，随着医疗界技术水平的<span style="color: black;">快速</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>，高达 786 种肿瘤标志物被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>。临床常用的癌症标志物大<span style="color: black;">大都是</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>生物化学和免疫学特性的，50 多种肿瘤标志物早就进入临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>，并且取得非常可喜的效果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>数量的肿瘤标志物的定量测定<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">准许</span>，有的还继续处在医院内部<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的院内标准，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>期待更准确的肿瘤标志物的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>。</p>
“NB”（牛×的缩写，表示叹为观止） 感谢你的精彩评论，带给我新的思考角度。 i免费外链发布平台 http://www.fok120.com/ 你的见解独到，让我受益匪浅，期待更多交流。
页:
[1]