l14107cb 发表于 2024-6-22 15:35:27

抽一管血就能查出癌症的体检项目，真的这么神吗？


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/DnQ4d5VVDd5O8nbW4yVxf6am4L49KYENVx9DiaM1NJMBW81InMcjNanKTV4BQfwpicicPXnT5pX5OVwShTgxYUTWQ/640?wx_fmt=gif&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着生活水平的<span style="color: black;">加强</span>、健康卫生知识的普及，越来越多的人<span style="color: black;">起始</span>注重平时身体的保养，表现之一<span style="color: black;">便是</span>体检的人越来越多了。而癌症，<span style="color: black;">做为</span>医疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>热门的<span style="color: black;">专题</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是人们体检所要重点应对的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。美国癌症协会统计，人的<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span>有1/8的概率会死于癌症。早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症，是成功治疗癌症的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>所在。</p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>，体检中存在<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>关于癌症<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的误区，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">最多见的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>“抽一管血就能查出癌症”。这是<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>体检<span style="color: black;">公司</span>宣传的噱头</span></strong>。临床上<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人会拿着抽血化验的指标来咨询<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>，说某某指标高了，是不是<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着他患癌了……这给<span style="color: black;">病人</span>造<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>很大的<span style="color: black;">困惑</span>与焦虑。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/DnQ4d5VVDd7bWToQFE5g9k6KJTcZcU0VSePeyIZW30PbJPGxVMjx4TynHmOCY1mUfHzEzw5TBZGz6z57kH5Y5w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">所说</span>“一管血”，指的是“肿瘤标记物”，是血液中的一类蛋白，和癌症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>，大<span style="color: black;">大都是</span>癌细胞直接分泌的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>就会有人问，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肿瘤标记物是癌细胞分泌的，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">上升</span>了，是不是就<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着患癌了？</span></strong></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/DnQ4d5VVDd7bWToQFE5g9k6KJTcZcU0VbdoTE8DutNL1wgH0sbTQ2xFNFICjaTy791aaHjByMYibcYLTibxkMkgw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实没<span style="color: black;">那样</span>简单。打个比方，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>看到的大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>都会穿一身白色的衣服，然而<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>把所有穿白色衣服的人都简单地定义为<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>他还可能是一位厨师。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤标记物的确<span style="color: black;">能够</span>由癌细胞能分泌，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>癌细胞本身<span style="color: black;">便是</span>来自于恶变的正常细胞，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">正常细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能分泌肿瘤标记物</span></strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">正常细胞恶变成癌细胞，会促进肿瘤标记物的<span style="color: black;">上升</span>，但正常细胞<span style="color: black;">出现</span>其他变化，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肿瘤标记物<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">简而言之，<span style="color: black;">病患</span>肿瘤，肿瘤标记物会<span style="color: black;">上升</span>；<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>肿瘤标记物<span style="color: black;">上升</span>却不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>是<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">病患</span>肿瘤。</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肿瘤标记物<span style="color: black;">上升</span>，还可能有其他多种<span style="color: black;">原由</span></span></strong>。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/DnQ4d5VVDd7bWToQFE5g9k6KJTcZcU0VsDQfNo1h8pjEIaByqibgRqwOxp1YyWh2GeXyNOvHMJJEZQzm8xtQiajw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">癌胚抗原（CEA）</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">可能与消化道的恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">相关</span>，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>结肠癌、胃癌，但吸烟、妊娠、肠炎、糖尿病、心血管<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>等<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>CEA<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲胎蛋白（AFP）</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">可能是<span style="color: black;">出现</span>肝癌的标志，尤其是<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">上升</span><span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">快速</span><span style="color: black;">上升</span>，都提示有肝癌的可能。但这都只是可能性的高低，并非百分百确定，肝炎、肝硬化、妊娠都可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>AFP<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我国60%~70%肝癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的AFP会<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>AFP<span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">升高</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>会<span style="color: black;">意见</span>您做进一步<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，即便查不出肝癌，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会叮嘱您<span style="color: black;">定时</span>进行密切随访。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/DnQ4d5VVDd7bWToQFE5g9k6KJTcZcU0VRJLMTDImBXZxxjeiaN6JuWR193zh72078Y5eDJHY6kdreGV82ge2saA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">糖原蛋白125（CA125）</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与卵巢癌<span style="color: black;">关联</span>，<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>和其他多种癌症<span style="color: black;">相关</span>，但最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>还是卵巢癌。有<span style="color: black;">专家</span>在<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>CA125与经阴道<span style="color: black;">彩超</span>来筛查<span style="color: black;">初期</span>卵巢癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span>证据并不充足。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>除了卵巢癌，其他<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>CA125<span style="color: black;">上升</span>，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>子宫内膜异位症、卵巢的良性肿瘤、<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>期以及妊娠</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然CA125还<span style="color: black;">不可</span>用来筛查卵巢癌，但<span style="color: black;">针对</span>卵巢癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>治疗结束后的复发监控<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>价值的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">糖原蛋白19-9（CA19-9）</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">和CEA有点像，和消化道的恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">相关</span>，<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>与胰腺癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">一样</span>，CA19-9的<span style="color: black;">上升</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能与恶性肿瘤毫<span style="color: black;">没</span>关系，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>胰腺炎、肝硬化与胆管<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>（<span style="color: black;">例如</span>胆结石<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的胆汁淤积），<span style="color: black;">一样</span>能够<span style="color: black;">引起</span>CA19-9<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">可谓大名鼎鼎，在这几个肿瘤标记物中女生可能对它最<span style="color: black;">认识</span>。HCG<span style="color: black;">上升</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>预示妊娠，验孕棒的原理<span style="color: black;">便是</span>如此。但<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>，HCG的<span style="color: black;">上升</span>还可能提示某些比较特殊的癌症，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>绒毛膜癌与恶性畸胎瘤。这<span style="color: black;">一样</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>困惑，单独一个HCG<span style="color: black;">上升</span>并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>说明问题，还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>结合其他<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">独一</span>一个被用作癌症筛查的肿瘤标记物是前列腺特异性抗原（PSA），它能提示前列腺癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>，鉴于前列腺癌是一种非常惰性的恶性肿瘤，<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>非常缓慢，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人是死后尸检才<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>前列腺癌的，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>用PSA来筛查前列腺癌到底会不会给<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来好处，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>还存在争议</span></strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在这篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>中，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>只介绍了几种<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的肿瘤标记物，临床中其实还有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>其他的肿瘤标记物，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>随着科学的发展，还会有越来越多新的肿瘤标记物加入进来。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">不管<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的还是少见的，不管老的还是新的，道理都<span style="color: black;">同样</span></span></strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>，“一管血就查出癌症”的说法并不<span style="color: black;">可靠</span>。肿瘤标记物是很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，但最大的<span style="color: black;">道理</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>给<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>参考</span></strong>，并非意味着<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>患癌了。要真正筛查癌症，还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>其他科学、<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>办法，<span style="color: black;">不可</span>光靠肿瘤标记物。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">本期专家：</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">丁超（浙江省肿瘤医院）</strong></span></p>
    <h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">人民卫生出版社出版《<span style="color: black;">流言</span><span style="color: black;">暗地里</span>的健康真相》</strong></span></h3>
    <h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">人民卫生出版社约健康平台、中国医师协会医学科普分会</strong></span></h3>
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nqkk58 发表于 2024-10-31 11:45:30

回顾历史，我们不难发现：无数先辈用鲜血和生命铺就了中华民族复兴的康庄大道。

j8typz 发表于 昨天 17:30

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