论坛 › 湖北 › 血液中可能有数百种癌症标记物，为么很难检测出来

nqkk58 发表于 2024-6-22 15:42:15

血液中可能有数百种癌症标记物，为么很难检测出来

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/oibBq71TGAe5nBiaiay8cBdJLIuJjOEpJNJkSRtnOudkLJrvknnDRpswU1hcZU7lKicXoQBcCnUaKR5CgeGv7vtTzQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本文经药明康德<span style="color: black;">微X</span>公众号e药环球授权转载。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">癌症最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是什么？<strong style="color: blue;">“早诊早治”！</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">越早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，越早治疗，就越能成功地治疗癌症，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>治疗后的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>技术所限，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>的癌症<span style="color: black;">初期</span>检测<span style="color: black;">办法</span>只是针对一种或几种癌症，很难对所有癌症进行筛查。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都是在<span style="color: black;">显现</span>症状后才进行检测，而这很容易<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">错失</span>最佳治疗<span style="color: black;">机会</span>，降低治疗后<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率</strong>。人们期待能够多<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">可靠</span>的癌症<span style="color: black;">初期</span>检测<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/xlFoDVCgSYH0synBo6ISzvKxwKAdUcicH99b9lNyGyxmeJJVG14caYDMdibnFzw2mRibCMdpOrtoFjAosO6ALROZg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：</span><span style="color: black;">Pixabay</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在血液中寻找癌症线索绝非易事</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近年来，<span style="color: black;">开发</span>出能够检测癌症的血液检测技术，<span style="color: black;">始终</span>是<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员聚焦的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>。<strong style="color: blue;">从人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>取一小瓶血液，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>检测，就能够在癌症<span style="color: black;">初期</span>和最佳治疗<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症</strong>。虽然这种想法<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>吸引力，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员们正在积极探索的方向，但事实证明，尽管<span style="color: black;">她们</span>付出了很大的<span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>一种<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>、准确的血液检测<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，来<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症还是难以实现的，想要在血液中寻找癌症的线索绝非易事。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>，癌症极其<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>，且有200多种癌症。<strong style="color: blue;">每种癌症都会释放数百种不同的标记物</strong>到血液中。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其次，癌症的标记物在血液中并不是独立存在的，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>与<span style="color: black;">各样</span>健康细胞和其他分子共存于血液中，<strong style="color: blue;">仅仅1毫升血液中就有大约50亿个红细胞</strong>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第三，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>的血液<strong style="color: blue;">检测<span style="color: black;">办法</span>缺乏<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性和特异性</strong>。要么检测出一个癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">病患</span>癌症，要么检测出一个未患癌症的人<span style="color: black;">病患</span>癌症。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/xlFoDVCgSYH0synBo6ISzvKxwKAdUcicHQ2fLzxFovGRD25iatX7icZYlWqypItzZkSQ9wvErll9UXFdKKnyM5sYg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：</span><span style="color: black;">Pixabay</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">总而言之，<strong style="color: blue;">想要在血液中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是<span style="color: black;">初期</span>癌症，<span style="color: black;">没</span>异于大海捞针</strong>。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>，尽管探索的过程依然艰辛，<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员仍未停下前进的脚步。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">寻找血液中癌症的线索</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员正在探索多种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来检测<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的癌症。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>为止，在血液检测癌症方面取得了<span style="color: black;">发展</span>，<strong style="color: blue;">这些检测<span style="color: black;">办法</span>有助于监测癌症<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>复发，或为治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>依据</strong>。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>类似的检测<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>用于癌症的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>检测和监测。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">曼彻斯特的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员正在<span style="color: black;">科研</span>一种血液检测<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，以<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>破裂并<span style="color: black;">起始</span>在血液中循环的肿瘤细胞。这些<strong style="color: blue;">循</strong><strong style="color: blue;">环肿瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>一个人的癌症信息，并<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员监测<span style="color: black;">她们</span>对治疗的反应</strong>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>寻找循环肿瘤细胞并不是在血液中寻找癌症线索的<span style="color: black;">独一</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>，<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员正在<strong style="color: blue;">寻找更小的线索</strong>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/xlFoDVCgSYH0synBo6ISzvKxwKAdUcicHMnAz0vd9vibLKeXOLETe4kiaR08XHtpwV9d1WOZ7hOAS0vUbI4yIsCCQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：</span><span style="color: black;">Pixabay</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在过去10年<span style="color: black;">上下</span>的时间里，<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>当癌细胞死亡时，会向血液中释放微小的DNA片段。这种自由漂浮的DNA，被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">没</span>细胞DNA，携带着癌症本身的足迹，<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>分析它们来检测癌症</strong>。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>采集血液样本，对<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的<span style="color: black;">没</span>细胞DNA进行测序，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>寻找<span style="color: black;">没</span>细胞DNA中可能预示着的癌症变化。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>这些线索进行的血液检测正在针对<span style="color: black;">各样</span>不同的癌症进行<span style="color: black;">研发</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>每一种癌症都依赖于不同的标记物。<span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">已然</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在多种癌症中<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的DNA变化，这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着在理论上<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>出一种，<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">同期</span>检测几种不同癌症的血液检测<span style="color: black;">办法</span></strong>。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>为了让<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的血液检测<span style="color: black;">办法</span>有用，还<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>检测<span style="color: black;">表示</span>出癌细胞在哪里生长。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">伦敦国王学院（Kings College London)的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员则对癌细胞释放的另一种标记物感兴趣，一种<strong style="color: blue;">微观的、充满液体的，被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为外泌体的气泡</strong>。这些外泌体<span style="color: black;">能够</span>从细胞中发芽并进入血液，将癌细胞内的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>物质带入其中。虽然这些外泌体可能漂浮在血液中，但<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员面临的一个大问题是，<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>区分这些外泌体是来自癌细胞还是健康细胞的。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/xlFoDVCgSYH0synBo6ISzvKxwKAdUcicHtjyA9HfEapMibPH80fxxyglRXytjDw3tZCwWPmHx9XACZjDBHqzoVdw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：</span><span style="color: black;">Pixabay</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症的挑战</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">没</span>论血液检测旨在采用哪种标记物，<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，共同的挑战是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>在少量血液中检测出癌症标记物</strong>。以自由漂浮的DNA片段为例，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>在血液中的浓度低得令人难以置信，只占血液中总游离DNA的1%不到。这使得<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<strong style="color: blue;">很难在一次常规血液检测中，<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>10-20毫升血液中漂浮着的癌细胞DNA</strong>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span>是在癌症<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>检测，此时从肿瘤中脱落的DNA片段数量更少，那就更加棘手了。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员认为，血液检测可能不会替代传统检测<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，例如组织活检或影像学，但它<strong style="color: blue;">将<span style="color: black;">供给</span>许多有用的信息，以<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>现有<span style="color: black;">办法</span></strong>。血液测试<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>一种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来识别<span style="color: black;">那些</span>人可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span>更<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>一个人的血液中癌症标记物水平较高，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>他可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span>去做CT扫描或其他的</strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</strong>虽然将血液检测同其他癌症检测<span style="color: black;">办法</span>相结合，有助于更全面地<span style="color: black;">认识</span>癌症，并<span style="color: black;">加强</span>诊断的准确性，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">想要</span>在健康人群中及早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症，还有很长的路要走。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/xlFoDVCgSYH0synBo6ISzvKxwKAdUcicHZG6RibhnV9wt9icduzTGGs3RuehQwj70Yl050hkgen0b52pgGBITdb1Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：Pixabay</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">参考资料</span></p><span style="color: black;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Joshua D. Cohen, et al.(2018). Detection and localization of surgically resectable cancers with a multi-analyte blood test. CANCER, DOI：10.1126/science.aar3247.</p>
    </span><span style="color: black;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Blood tests: using blood to detect cancer early. Retrieved Dec 5 ,2019,from https://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2019/12/04/blood-tests-using-blood-to-detect-cancer-early/</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Understanding Laboratory Tests. Retrieved Dec 5,2019,from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/understanding-lab-tests-fact-sheet</p>
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    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/oibBq71TGAe741plfLYaoEjHyPChWMaTRQBANULYSthIDHXtKas6mvKpIPjyv4zD5MJcJ3gXG3C2zQT8ZOOPqrg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>

流星的美 发表于 2024-9-2 12:50:19

说得好啊！我在外链论坛打滚这么多年，所谓阅人无数，就算没有见过猪走路，也总明白猪肉是啥味道的。

qzmjef 发表于 2024-10-7 14:08:49

我完全同意你的观点，说得太对了。

m5k1umn 发表于 2024-10-21 22:56:31

楼主果然英明！不得不赞美你一下！

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