世界白血病日：血癌≠没救 显现这些即时看病
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">每年的4月21日是世界急性骨髓性白血病日，这病名说起来拗口，但其实<span style="color: black;">便是</span>白血病的一种，又俗<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>血癌，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>《冬天里的一把火》的原唱高凌风、著名画家几米等都是知名的病友。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">急性骨髓性白血病的致病因子为造血器官基因突变，以后天<span style="color: black;">原因</span>影响<span style="color: black;">占多数</span>，例如受过化疗或放射线暴露，但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>病人查<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白血病可依癌化血球的成熟程度和分化源头，分成慢性、急性、骨髓性、及淋巴性四类。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其中，急性骨髓性白血病<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率最高，每百万人的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率为33.69％。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-f65f5136d906b933881fec0fbccbb695_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">有4大症状 不要轻忽</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当<span style="color: black;">病患</span>血癌时，会<span style="color: black;">由于</span>骨髓未成熟的造血细胞增生，堆积在血液及骨髓中，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>血癌细胞全身扩散，取代正常血球。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，一旦<span style="color: black;">显现</span>下列四个症状，<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">看病</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>发烧</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白血球不足会使免疫力降低，<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>容易感染和莫名发烧</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.脸色苍白疲倦</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">红血球不足，会使携氧能力降低，<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>脸色苍白、气喘如牛。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.瘀青<span style="color: black;">流血</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">血小板不足，会使凝血功能降低，<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>全身莫名瘀青<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，女性<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的经期量<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能变多。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.骨头<span style="color: black;">病痛</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当<span style="color: black;">反常</span>血球堆积于骨髓，会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>骨髓膨胀，<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>会感到骨骼和关节<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这些症状都不典型，很容易被<span style="color: black;">大众</span>混淆为老化或感冒。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但一旦耽误、<span style="color: black;">无</span>立即求医，急性骨髓性白血病的病情恶化<span style="color: black;">火速</span>，可能发病2周内癌细胞就<span style="color: black;">增多</span>1000倍。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>确诊时<span style="color: black;">广泛</span><span style="color: black;">伴同</span>高烧、<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、败血症、肺炎等严重并发症，<span style="color: black;">必要</span>要抢时间治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>症状和及早<span style="color: black;">看病</span>，才是真正的救命<span style="color: black;">重要</span>。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">定时</span>体检<span style="color: black;">能够</span>筛查<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的慢性白血病</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">初期</span>慢性白血病<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>血常规<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>结果，<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>骨髓穿刺细胞学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>来确诊。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>，培养<span style="color: black;">定时</span>做健康体检的良好习惯非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">并且<span style="color: black;">不但</span>是白血病，任何重大<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>都<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>难以察觉的健康隐患发展来的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>体检<span style="color: black;">即时</span>将其揪出，就会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>所有<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，其实早已埋下先兆，只看你<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>能<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>。</p>
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<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">标靶<span style="color: black;">药品</span> 延长病人存活期</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">过去40年，急性骨髓性白血病的治疗武器<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>化学治疗和干细胞移植，但病患的存活<span style="color: black;">情况</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是很理想。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">化疗的强度高、副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">剧烈</span>，对可承受治疗的<span style="color: black;">青年</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>而言虽然辛苦，<span style="color: black;">不外</span>疗效还不错。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">然而，<span style="color: black;">病患</span>急性骨髓性白血病的人群多为伴有其他并发症的年长者，或已<span style="color: black;">显现</span>并发症状的体弱<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>难以接受强度高的标准化疗，只能降低治疗强度，或针对并发症进行<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这些限制，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>年长或体弱<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的整体存活期<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>4.1个月。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但随医学发展进步，<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>即便到了80～90岁高龄，还是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>接受治疗，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>有机会延长存活率，其<span style="color: black;">重要</span>在于——副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>较低的标靶<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">面世</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2017年起，针对急性骨髓性白血病的标靶<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>，进入<span style="color: black;">精细</span>化治疗时代。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>有4款创新标靶<span style="color: black;">药品</span>，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>FLT-3<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂、BCL-2<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂、新型去甲基化口服<span style="color: black;">药品</span>、IDH1或IDH2标靶<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">标靶<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的治疗，能让65岁以上的年长者存活期从平均的3～5个月，延长至8～10个月；<span style="color: black;">青年</span>型<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的5年存活率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能从40％～50％，<span style="color: black;">提高</span>到60％～70％。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然，标靶<span style="color: black;">药品</span>还是有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>恶心、呕吐、倦怠、肌肉酸痛等，但比化疗要轻得多。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">标靶药改善<span style="color: black;">情况</span>后 依然要接受化疗或干细胞移植</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">化疗还是干细胞移植以外最可能治愈的标准治疗选项。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当病患<span style="color: black;">运用</span>标靶治疗抢时间改善身体<span style="color: black;">情况</span>后，依然<span style="color: black;">必须</span>接受化疗或干细胞移植。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在治疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>要注重预防感染，例如勤洗手、避吃生食，吃<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>时<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要去除果皮等。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-10dca21e0c0239f90dab4c15e0576517_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尽管标靶<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>让急性骨髓性白血病的治疗更加优异，但放眼国际，我国可用的标靶<span style="color: black;">药品</span>种类仍然有限。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">期待<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>国家能加速新药核准和<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>纳入，让<span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>能得到更好的治疗。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">预约体检找宜检，多重优惠护航健康</h2>
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祝福你、祝你幸福、早日实现等。 “NB”（牛×的缩写，表示叹为观止）
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