【我的计组生活5'b00000】P0课下作业简析
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span>好，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>又见面了~~<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/B3JgvbksIIic1Ljo3sTnWNZGbZ6uJxEqKryVIQdnY6vcOr1ALH9CGlicocffOJvcAe3wUOJgEeYN9zljcRrjCZZg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/B3JgvbksIIic1Ljo3sTnWNZGbZ6uJxEqKryVIQdnY6vcOr1ALH9CGlicocffOJvcAe3wUOJgEeYN9zljcRrjCZZg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">寄语：</span></strong><span style="color: black;">很<span style="color: black;">幸运</span>开启了【我的计组生活】系列重制计划，把这一学期经历的记录下来，或许对后人或正在看的你有所<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>。之前发的推送<span style="color: black;">因为</span>时间等<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，有些分享给人误解，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有些<span style="color: black;">照片</span>看不清等问题。重制版对这些进行了<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的优化，<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">爱好</span>~</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">持有</span>什么：</strong>2020 计组实验课设的个人项目开源，部分上机题目，以及若干支线技能。<span style="color: black;">这里</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span>提醒：部分项目你<span style="color: black;">能够</span>看别人的实现思路，但项目开源后会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>抄袭<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有幸被请去课程组喝茶，<strong style="color: blue;">后果自负</strong> 哦 ~</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">*<span style="color: black;">重视</span>：</strong>如有错误或<span style="color: black;">能够</span>改进的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>请与笔者联系 ~</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当当当当！快醒醒，<strong style="color: blue;">都 2021 寒假了</strong>，难道还有人在看计组？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">确实，不<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>人在学，某项目组即将开工，</span><span style="color: black;">（<span style="color: black;">因为</span> NDA 限制，<span style="color: black;">不可</span>透露<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>）</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重回金秋，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>将一切归 0，<span style="color: black;">一块</span></span><span style="color: black;">学习</span><span style="color: black;">（回忆）计组课程~</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">本期<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的软件：</strong><span style="color: black;">Logisim、CircuitVerse（可在线<span style="color: black;">运用</span>）</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/B3JgvbksIIibuFazrXkZxMic2ia13DI2DDNaMibDXM3b3icZ7Bgb7PsE0Y5Z9ic2Psk0DJL8khLQ1PJUypvkczPy1wBA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（废话不多说， 直接上干货）</span></p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">P0课下作业简析</span></h2>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">CRC校验(P0.Q1)</span></h3><span style="color: black;">提交<span style="color: black;">需求</span></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span> Logisim 搭建一个除数为四位，原数据帧为 8 位的 CRC 校验码计算电路。<span style="color: black;">详细</span>模块端口定义如下：</span></p><span style="color: black;">信号名</span><span style="color: black;">方向</span><span style="color: black;">描述</span><span style="color: black;">A</span><span style="color: black;">I</span><span style="color: black;">8位原数据帧</span><span style="color: black;">B</span><span style="color: black;">I</span><span style="color: black;">4位除数</span><span style="color: black;">C</span><span style="color: black;">O</span><span style="color: black;">8位原数据帧+3位校验码</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">必须严格<span style="color: black;">根据</span>模块的端口定义</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">文件内模块名: <strong style="color: blue;">CRC</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>规定除数的最高位<span style="color: black;">必定</span>为1,不需要<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>最高位非1的<span style="color: black;">状况</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>:<span style="color: black;">因为</span>信号原帧位数为8位，进行除法运算时被除数应为8+3=11位</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">测试电路：(CRC为你需要搭建的电路)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/B3JgvbksIIic1Ljo3sTnWNZGbZ6uJxEqKicQISxIOzVRNkkqmuBCrWdjoHXBkrXuIdjJOibpjzkjA8YKR26ibyAI7g/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>:请<span style="color: black;">保准</span>模块的appearance与下图完全一致，否则有可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>评测错误</strong>(查看模块appearance<span style="color: black;">办法</span>:在Logisim中打开相应模块后点击左上角按钮)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/B3JgvbksIIic1Ljo3sTnWNZGbZ6uJxEqKKaaF2Flbd9ysibchibhyj4fmlxaDvnTaCnVibw2Wl3Qe4EcRNIJ0wXpKg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;">题目分析</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">1. CRC校验码简介</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">CRC校验是数据通信<span style="color: black;">行业</span>中最常用的一种查错校验方式，它对数据进行多项式计算，并将得到的结果附在帧的后面，接收设备<span style="color: black;">亦</span>执行类似的算法，以<span style="color: black;">保准</span>数据传输的正确性和完整性。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">认识</span>这种校验码怎么计算之前，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>需要先<span style="color: black;">认识</span>一种特殊的除法:“模二除法”。它与算术除法类似，但在做减法时既不向上借位，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不比较除数和被除数相同位数值的<span style="color: black;">体积</span>；它的运算法则为1-1=0，0-1=1，1-0=1，0-0=0，例如1100-1001=0101。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>模二除法，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>以被除数为1011，除数为10为例，运算过程如下：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/B3JgvbksIIic1Ljo3sTnWNZGbZ6uJxEqKlwJxz7buB2GpaR9w756GyEtvjibr4yFt3GiaTia2U0KsA09HUUBq0wDbQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你细心的话，<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，模二除法中的减法和异或的操作是完全相同的，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>模二除法<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用异或来完成。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>了模二除法的计算过程，CRC校验码的计算就很简单了。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>只需要将原帧补上( 除数位数-1 )个0<span style="color: black;">做为</span>被除数，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>进行模二除法<span style="color: black;">就可</span>。举个例子，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>要发送的帧A为10011，发送端和接收端<span style="color: black;">一起</span>选定的除数B为1110。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>B是4位二进制数，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>需要在A的后面补上3个0，从而得到A’=10011000。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>将A’作被除数，B作除数，进行”模二除法”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">最后得到的余数是一个三位数(<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不是三位，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要在前面补零来凑齐三位)，这<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>的校验码。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>将得到的校验码110拼接在原数据帧的后面，就得到了要发送的新帧A’’=10011110。<span style="color: black;">这般</span>就完<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>CRC校验码的生成。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2. 实现<span style="color: black;">办法</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">校验码即原数据后补上除数位数个0，对除数做模二除法的余数，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>本题的 <strong style="color: blue;">核心</strong>在于：做模二除法。模二除法即若当前位为1，则当前位商为1，余数为对应位数异或。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">查看上面的案例，<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>可能需要循环。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>，在硬件<span style="color: black;">其中</span>实现位循环操作是一个比较难实现的任务。</span></p><span style="color: black;">logisim 实现1（Author : lyx）</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">lyx <span style="color: black;">朋友</span>的模块分的很细致，比 lxl 习惯要好。计组后期的实验中<span style="color: black;">触及</span> CPU 的模块设计，<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">朋友</span>们的设计符合<strong style="color: blue;">高内聚低耦合</strong> 的特征，<span style="color: black;">大众</span>会在 P4 的单周期 CPU 中看到这个概念，<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>不<span style="color: black;">太多</span>透露了~</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">①Swap</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/U0lYTuSO3EBOnU4yTPXn2M317hjSpOicrKd0OB8fEC9uLjuibhNs8fr5t6elJdxaobPicQwQb7Mq2njqdKWREYlWQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">②Divisor element</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/U0lYTuSO3EBOnU4yTPXn2M317hjSpOicrKxlksT9a8eVPHPXZgicftMAKUVgqiaHmOkDW7ETmIlVuAV1WJd3uLDiaA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">解析：</strong>当前的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>位为judge，若其为1则当前位的商为1，求出相应余数；若为0，则直接输出4bits 被除数。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">③CRC</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/U0lYTuSO3EBOnU4yTPXn2M317hjSpOicr5cicKOHibLfuY14ic2brufCPPlNvYyzsn0gWQvMQiapBoQBly35PiblibFXQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;">logisim 实现2（Author : lxl）</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">①CRC</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/B3JgvbksIIic1Ljo3sTnWNZGbZ6uJxEqKt1LWqtBaVYdXNdck60DFZeTnTatJUp4UVr8s7K2GfsMWddt8GLSiccw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">②XOR</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/B3JgvbksIIic1Ljo3sTnWNZGbZ6uJxEqKOzibNeoibOcu6krKj9bldaTFlWHvzWdSs9Nic3fibmAVF9P4tdqY06NYgg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">解析：</strong><span style="color: black;">规律</span>实现和lyx<span style="color: black;">朋友</span>的类似，但 lxl <span style="color: black;">朋友</span>更<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>把模块<span style="color: black;">能够</span>堆在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>的堆在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>。在模2除法<span style="color: black;">其中</span>，判断首位<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>是1，lxl 直接让被除数和 1000（十进制数字8）比较，算是更加粗暴的方式，但不是典型的范例。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">Tips：</strong>布线时<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的<span style="color: black;">运用</span> Tunnel，简化布线，画自己能一眼看懂的电路图。</span></p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">实现GRF(P0.Q2)</span></h3><span style="color: black;">提交<span style="color: black;">需求</span></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span> logisim 搭建一个GRF。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">GRF中<span style="color: black;">包括</span>32个32位寄存器，分别对应0~31号寄存器，其中0号寄存器读取的结果恒为0。<span style="color: black;">详细</span>模块端口定义如下：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/B3JgvbksIIic1Ljo3sTnWNZGbZ6uJxEqKDQfzDGYDH6fuqsdMTBYql6oIiaYicJA80VAoSoXto8D7jXtReah2TCnQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">模块功能定义如下：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/B3JgvbksIIic1Ljo3sTnWNZGbZ6uJxEqKm0wiaLOlpd4cWzMMEU9pwrnzp72dpFicWaia68qYNUtocVATV7HbUGxnw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">必须严格<span style="color: black;">根据</span>模块的端口定义</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">0号寄存器读出的数据在任何时刻都为0</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">请<span style="color: black;">运用</span>寄存器部件来实现GRF中的32个寄存器</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">文件内模块名: grf</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">测试电路：(grf 为你需要搭建的电路)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/B3JgvbksIIic1Ljo3sTnWNZGbZ6uJxEqKTYaJv0459xdDlF69xEYDJyOE0fabev13sBQoheQT293kkkgrOGSXKg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>:请<span style="color: black;">保准</span>模块的appearance与下图完全一致，否则有可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>评测错误</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/B3JgvbksIIic1Ljo3sTnWNZGbZ6uJxEqKKCnOy4NUDofYr2EibOiaax1EKlNuVj9JBlBv4qB4MHtj6I3HDP2iaIIxA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;">题目分析</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">需要</span>搭建电路<span style="color: black;">就可</span>，<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">尽可能</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span> Tunnel 的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>来优化可读性。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>在VS Code中对文件 XML 代码进行更改，读者们<span style="color: black;">能够</span>自己尝试一波。</span></p><span style="color: black;">logisim 实现1（Author : lyx）</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">grf</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/U0lYTuSO3EBOnU4yTPXn2M317hjSpOicrTG82DRCibGE6zXGicNnSDicY3poEj6yctPs5hALsMzHJ1BROUlkXKcPeA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">setZero</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/U0lYTuSO3EBOnU4yTPXn2M317hjSpOicrAgZiaVE6iaFDF4qiaQjl8I5iaficicBXg84icHGXiaIv1ibSyXSPSCvP0ue1uag/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">single</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/U0lYTuSO3EBOnU4yTPXn2M317hjSpOicrRuR4EbABj4bwSQZE2vaND6BVoBIBBP5xorxkVgrnmJGwsnmuS7HUJQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">part4</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">part5</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">wholePart</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">解析：</strong>分层制作模块，即四个 single <span style="color: black;">形成</span> part4、四个 part4 <span style="color: black;">形成</span> part5、最后<span style="color: black;">构成</span>wholePart，再加入<span style="color: black;">最后</span>模块。写入和读取均用独热编码的方式操作。</span></p><span style="color: black;">logisim 实现2（Author : lxl）</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">grf</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">32bits register (like robots huh?)</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">In/out</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">Whole Part</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">解析：</strong><span style="color: black;">一样</span>为分层制作模块，同第1题<span style="color: black;">同样</span>，lxl <span style="color: black;">朋友</span>更<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>把模块堆在一个<span style="color: black;">照片</span>里，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>是用代码改的模块，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>在操作上不至于很<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>。<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>寄存器对应一个<span style="color: black;">位置</span>，写入和读取操作只需要寻址正确<span style="color: black;">就可</span>。</span></p><span style="color: black;">logisim 实现3（Author : lxl）</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">解析：</strong>这个是 lxl 在 P3 <strong style="color: blue;">logisim单周期CPU</strong>时重构的 GRF，较为符合设想的实现规则。<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>实现不重要，真正重要的是当遇到 bug 的时候自己能否快速找到，在实现的时候<span style="color: black;">能够</span>多<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>讨论区，比如 DMX <span style="color: black;">运用</span>的时候别忘记三态。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">代码生成：</strong> [ <span style="color: black;">来自ROIFEs BLOG：https://roife.github.io/ ]</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Logisim 的文件<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上是 XML 代码，由3 种标签<span style="color: black;">构成</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><circuit> 是电路或子电路的标签, 用于标记<span style="color: black;">全部</span>电路。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><wire> 标签用于连线，<span style="color: black;">经过</span> x-y 属性定位。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><comp> 标签<span style="color: black;">持有</span> loc 和 name 属性, 用于调用库元件。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>代码生成 XML 来实现构造重复性电路，例如本例<span style="color: black;">需求</span>的 32 个寄存器。</span></p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">Logisim导航(P0.Q3)</span></h3><span style="color: black;">提交<span style="color: black;">需求</span></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">计小组要去机房上机考试，需要去B机房，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span>他在A机房。他<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的时间很充裕，就决定生成一串随机序列，告诉他下一步行走的方向，直到<span style="color: black;">步行到</span>B机房。他<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>用 logisim 搭建一个<span style="color: black;">能够</span>导航的 Moore 型有限状态机，来<span style="color: black;">经过</span>序列告诉他<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>到达B机房。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">题目<span style="color: black;">需求</span>：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">计小组只能往东南西北四个方向行走，且若能行走，则每次 <strong style="color: blue;">只能行走一格</strong>。若下一步不存在机房让计小组行走，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>计小组会撞到墙壁并且 <strong style="color: blue;">hit置高<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>期</strong>，此时计小组仍<strong style="color: blue;">保持原地</strong> 不会移动，等待下<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>期再进行运动。（<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>下一步依旧撞墙， 则hit仍然置高；若下一步不会撞墙，则计小组将会继续行进，hit<span style="color: black;">这里</span>周期置 0）</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">计小组<span style="color: black;">步行到</span>B机房后，<strong style="color: blue;">“到达”信号需要置位</strong>，<strong style="color: blue;">并保持<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>期</strong>。到达B机房后计小组将会在下<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>期回到原点，（下<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>期的输入将被忽略掉）等待下下周期的输入，继续测试他的序列。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">计小组遵循上北下南左西右东的方向完成操作。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">计小组在时钟<span style="color: black;">提升</span>沿的时候就<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>自己下一步的方向并且瞬移过去，并且立即做出判断。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">端口定义：</span></p><span style="color: black;">信号名</span><span style="color: black;">方向</span><span style="color: black;">描述</span><span style="color: black;">dir</span><span style="color: black;">I</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>行走的方向：00：向北走 01：向东走 10：向南走 11：向西走</span><span style="color: black;">clk</span><span style="color: black;">I</span><span style="color: black;">时钟信号</span><span style="color: black;">reset</span><span style="color: black;">I</span><span style="color: black;">异步复位信号</span><span style="color: black;">arrive</span><span style="color: black;">O</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>到达</span><span style="color: black;">hit</span><span style="color: black;">O</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>撞上墙壁</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">模块名</strong>：navigation</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">必须严格<span style="color: black;">根据</span>模块的端口定义</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">测试电路</strong>：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>：请<span style="color: black;">保准</span>模块的appearance与下图完全一致，否则有可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>评测错误</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;">题目分析</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从<span style="color: black;">这儿</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>要接触状态机的题目了，状态机<span style="color: black;">大众</span>都<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>分 <strong style="color: blue;">Moore</strong> 或 <strong style="color: blue;">Mealy</strong> 型状态机。本题的描述感觉很不清楚，说是 <strong style="color: blue;">Moore型</strong> 的状态机，却含有瞬移、立刻转换的词语，会让人误解为Mealy型状态机。这个题目在评测的时候还开启了数据重测。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>记住，不管<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>，多看评论区总是好的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>给出 lyx <span style="color: black;">朋友</span>的编码方式，lyx采用了 5 种状态编码，而 lxl 只采用了 2 位的编码方式。不论是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>编码，都应该进行状态构建。<span style="color: black;">首要</span>对不同的位置进行编码，对应计小组每一个位置均为一个状态题中5种状态（采用3位编码）。<strong style="color: blue;">如下图构建五个状态：</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">则对应<strong style="color: blue;">二进制编码即为状态的码</strong>，对应状态转换表为：</span></p><span style="color: black;">状态\方向</span><span style="color: black;">00/北</span><span style="color: black;">01/东</span><span style="color: black;">10/南</span><span style="color: black;">11/西</span><span style="color: black;">000/0/arrive = 0</span><span style="color: black;">001/hit = 0</span><span style="color: black;">000/hit = 1</span><span style="color: black;">000/hit = 1</span><span style="color: black;">000/hit = 1</span><span style="color: black;">001/1/arrive = 0</span><span style="color: black;">011/hit = 0</span><span style="color: black;">010/hit = 0</span><span style="color: black;">000/hit = 0</span><span style="color: black;">001/hit = 1</span><span style="color: black;">010/2/arrive = 0</span><span style="color: black;">100/hit = 0</span><span style="color: black;">010/hit = 1</span><span style="color: black;">010/hit = 1</span><span style="color: black;">001/hit = 0</span><span style="color: black;">011/3/arrive = 0</span><span style="color: black;">011/hit = 1</span><span style="color: black;">100/hit = 0</span><span style="color: black;">001/hit = 0</span><span style="color: black;">011/hit = 1</span><span style="color: black;">100/4/arrive = 1</span><span style="color: black;">000</span><span style="color: black;">000</span><span style="color: black;">000</span><span style="color: black;">000</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其余的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>要<span style="color: black;">经过</span>打表等操作完成上面这些状态转换了，Logisim 有很好的 <strong style="color: blue;">Combinational Analysis</strong>功能，<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>更好的打表。这个在<span style="color: black;">过程</span>在上机的时候<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要<span style="color: black;">火速</span>，并且<span style="color: black;">保准</span>不出错。</span></p><span style="color: black;">logisim 实现1（Author : lyx）</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">stateChang</span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">arriveCheck</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">navigation</span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">解析：</strong>lyx <span style="color: black;">无</span>把 Hit <span style="color: black;">一块</span>存在状态寄存器中，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>整体看上去<span style="color: black;">规律</span>混乱，在<span style="color: black;">最后</span>模块中未标明的两个模块分别为 stateChange 和 arriveCheck 模块。</span></p><span style="color: black;">logisim 实现2（Author : lxl）</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">解析：</strong><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span> <strong style="color: blue;">2bit</strong> 组合时序电路，<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>两个状态，lxl 费尽心思尝试了<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span>把返回原点的那个周期的输入忽略，<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">最终</span>搭配<span style="color: black;">规律</span>门成功实现，lxl 还是忘不了把所有模块放在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>的习惯，虽然这个习惯<span style="color: black;">显出</span>个人的图很简洁，但<span style="color: black;">实质</span>工程化是极<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>的。</span></p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">Logisim中的FSM(P0.Q4)</span></h3><span style="color: black;">正则表达式匹配</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">正则表达式是对字符串操作的一种<span style="color: black;">规律</span>公式，它<span style="color: black;">一般</span>被用来检索、替换符合某个模式的文本。它的规则比较<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>只讲解其中比较简单的几种规则。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">[...]<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>要匹配中括号中的字符(<span style="color: black;">重视</span>是字符不是字符串),<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>要匹配x y z这三个字符中的任意一个。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">{...}<span style="color: black;">指的是</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>匹配”{“前的那个字符几次，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>a{2}<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>要匹配a两次，a{2,4}<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>要匹配a 2至4次,a{,4}指要匹配a 0至4次，a{2,}指要匹配a 2至无穷次。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>{1,2}<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>匹配(c或d)一次或两次,即cc、dd、cd、dc、c、d都是能匹配的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(...)<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>将()内的字符串视为一个整体，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>(ab){1,2}对应的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>ab或abab。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>将多条表达式组合起来，如a{2}b{2}<span style="color: black;">便是</span>指匹配a两次后再匹配b两次,即匹配aabb。</span></p><span style="color: black;">提交<span style="color: black;">需求</span></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>Logisim搭建一个Mealy型有限状态机 检测串行输入字符串中的能匹配正则表达式b{1,2}{2}的子串并输出。<span style="color: black;">详细</span>模块端口定义如下：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">模块功能定义如下：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">必须严格<span style="color: black;">根据</span>模块的端口定义</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">文件内模块名: fsm</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>: 每当匹配到一个子串时，需要输出一次1。例如对字符串bacbacac,模块应当在第1个c输入和第2个c输入时输出1,而在其他时刻保持输出为0。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>：有限状态机的设计是Mealy型有限状态机。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">测试电路如下：(code部分是你需要搭建的电路)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>:请<span style="color: black;">保准</span>模块的appearance与下图完全一致，否则有可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>评测错误</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;">题目分析</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">已知<span style="color: black;">目的</span>为构建 <strong style="color: blue;">Mealy 型</strong> 有限状态机，模块核心还是在于状态和状态转换的构建。<span style="color: black;">首要</span>识别正则表达式：<span style="color: black;">目的</span>字符串为b{a或c}{a或c}或bb{a或c}{a或c}。下面 <strong style="color: blue;">构建状态</strong> 如下：</span></p><span style="color: black;">状态编号</span><span style="color: black;">S0</span><span style="color: black;">S1</span><span style="color: black;">S2</span><span style="color: black;">S3</span><span style="color: black;">S4/true</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">实质</span><span style="color: black;">道理</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">初始状态</span><span style="color: black;">输入第1个b</span><span style="color: black;">输入第2个b</span><span style="color: black;">输入a或c</span><span style="color: black;">第2次输入a或c</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">对应二进制码</strong></span><span style="color: black;">000</span><span style="color: black;">001</span><span style="color: black;">010</span><span style="color: black;">011</span><span style="color: black;">100</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">状态转化表如下：</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;">状态\输入</span><span style="color: black;">a/00</span><span style="color: black;">b/01</span><span style="color: black;">c/10</span><span style="color: black;">others/11</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">S0</strong></span><span style="color: black;">S0</span><span style="color: black;">S1</span><span style="color: black;">S0</span><span style="color: black;">S0</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">S1</strong></span><span style="color: black;">S3</span><span style="color: black;">S2</span><span style="color: black;">S3</span><span style="color: black;">S0</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">S2</strong></span><span style="color: black;">S3</span><span style="color: black;">S2</span><span style="color: black;">S3</span><span style="color: black;">S0</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">S3</strong></span><span style="color: black;">S4</span><span style="color: black;">S1</span><span style="color: black;">S4</span><span style="color: black;">S0</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">S4/true</strong></span><span style="color: black;">S0</span><span style="color: black;">S1</span><span style="color: black;">S0</span><span style="color: black;">S0</span><span style="color: black;">logisim 实现1（Author : lyx）</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;">logisim 实现2（Author : lxl）</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">lxl 这个版本依然是 2 位的状态<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，看起来简洁，<span style="color: black;">并不</span>符合工程方式。当然了，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你对自己模块化能力<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>把握，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>尝试这种做法。</span></p><span style="color: black;">思考</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这道题本身的状态转换没啥问题，只是<span style="color: black;">针对</span> clr 信号的处理非常的不舒服，但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是合情<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同步复位<span style="color: black;">需求</span>：<strong style="color: blue;">时钟<span style="color: black;">提升</span>沿到来时</strong> <span style="color: black;">倘若</span> clr 信号是 1，才进行复位。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">区别于异步复位，清零需要时钟<span style="color: black;">提升</span>沿和 clr 信号<span style="color: black;">一起</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>，而不是只看 clr 信号；又或是<span style="color: black;">构成</span>的电路不是时钟<span style="color: black;">提升</span>沿<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>触发清零。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>内置于寄存器内的 reset，而是需要自己搭建，于是<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了以下的故事。（《数字设计和计算机体系结构》上有）</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">好啦，这是 <strong style="color: blue;">重制版的第 1 期【我的计组生活】</strong>，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>身份<span style="color: black;">亦</span>转换<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>经历过计组课设的学生了（虽然我的计组分<span style="color: black;">甚是惨淡</span>，或许<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一个过来人<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>的<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>吧~~</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">老规矩，有错误<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要联系作者更改，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在后台直接进行留言~</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>能有<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>到你哦！！不介意的童鞋<span style="color: black;">能够</span>来一波赞和在看，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>是不是还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>来一波打赏~</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">PS<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>：各位看见了没，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">照片</span>引用自<strong style="color: blue;">大番薯的石头屋</strong>，大番薯很强，<span style="color: black;">剧烈</span><span style="color: black;">举荐</span>给<span style="color: black;">大众</span> ~~</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">【我的祭祖生活0X00】From <span style="color: black;">大番薯的石头屋</span></a></span></p>
页:
[1]