肝细胞癌平常免疫治疗都有哪些平常不良反应?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在癌症治疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>,免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂展现出了<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的疗效。然而,这类治疗的潜在<span style="color: black;">危害</span>与其治疗益处之间<span style="color: black;">必要</span>进行仔细的权衡。与传统的化疗相比,免疫<span style="color: black;">关联</span>不良事件<span style="color: black;">一般</span>较难预测且可能<span style="color: black;">连续</span>较<span style="color: black;">长期</span>。本文回顾分析了一系列高引用率的原始<span style="color: black;">文案</span>和系统<span style="color: black;">评估</span>中报告的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>不良事件,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>疲劳、发热、皮疹、瘙痒、腹泻、食欲下降、恶心、腹痛、便秘、肝炎和甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>等。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,在<span style="color: black;">起始</span>免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂治疗之前,对胃肠、心脏、神经、内分泌及眼科系统进行全面<span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">显出</span>尤为<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">肝细胞癌是<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>范围内一种<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的癌症,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>死亡的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>之一。肝细胞癌<span style="color: black;">重点</span>影响<span style="color: black;">身患</span>乙型或丙型肝炎病毒感染、过度饮酒、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎或肝硬化的个体。尽管早期肝细胞癌<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>切除、肝移植或消融治疗,但大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在被诊断时病情已较为晚期,预后<span style="color: black;">不良</span>。近年来,免疫疗法的引入<span style="color: black;">明显</span>改变了不可切除的晚期肝细胞癌的治疗格局。<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,与索拉非尼等多激酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂相比,首线<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂如阿替利珠单抗+贝伐珠单抗和替雷利珠单抗+度伐利尤单抗在改善总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期方面更为有效。尽管免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂的机制尚不完全明了,但它们<span style="color: black;">经过</span>解除肿瘤微环境中的免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span>,激活肿瘤反应性T细胞,展现出卓越的抗癌能力。然而,治疗的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>与益处<span style="color: black;">必要</span>仔细权衡,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是在<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>时。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q1.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/0c042c50de43410580b0e2ad6a2801f4.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">纳武利尤单抗</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q4.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/d810124d865c48b6aaf46ca4f8e5b0c4.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>不良反应<span style="color: black;">包含</span>疲劳(15%)、瘙痒(13%)、皮疹(11%)、AST<span style="color: black;">上升</span>(11%)、腹泻(8%)、食欲<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>(6%)、恶心(5%)、体重减轻(1%)、高血压(1%)。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3级以上的严重不良反应<span style="color: black;">重点</span>为AST<span style="color: black;">上升</span>(6%)、腹泻(<1%)、手足综合症(<1%)。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q3.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/1fcbbd6ccd6a4a3698968e59b910de3b.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">纳武利尤单抗+伊匹木单抗</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q5.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/714d4c8612db4a5cadbc2670a4149e6f.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>不良反应<span style="color: black;">包含</span>瘙痒(45%)、皮疹(29%)、腹泻(24%)、甲状腺功能低下(20%)、疲劳(18%)、肾上腺功能不全(14%)、食欲<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>(12%)。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>报告了一例与治疗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的死亡,因5级肺炎。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q7.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/bc683dd2559b493f8a332cd84b6c27de.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">阿替利珠单抗+贝伐珠单抗</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q5.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/686e395396434b30aadc724ba0ba812b.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>不良反应<span style="color: black;">包含</span>高血压(29.8%)、疲劳(20.4%)、蛋白尿(20.1%)、肝炎(AST<span style="color: black;">上升</span>)(19.5%)、瘙痒(19.5%)、腹泻(18.8%)、食欲<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>(17.6%)、皮疹(12.5%)、恶心(12.2%)。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">存在上消化道<span style="color: black;">流血</span>的较高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中报告了6例5级<span style="color: black;">流血</span>事件。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q6.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/19ce98104c9148a3880ce15b74f26a8e.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">Tremelimumab+度伐利尤单抗</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q8.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/06783406c9894835879c5322454c6bbc.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>不良反应<span style="color: black;">包含</span>腹泻(26.5%)、瘙痒(22.9%)、皮疹(22.4%)、食欲<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>(17.0%)、疲劳(17.0%)、发热(12.9%)、恶心(12.1%)、AST<span style="color: black;">上升</span>(12.4%)、甲状腺功能低下(10.3%)。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">其中一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,61名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中有28名(37.8%)<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了3级或更高级别的不良反应,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>较高<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率的瘙痒(32.4%)和皮疹(32.4%),以及相对较低的腹泻(9.5%)和疲劳(10.8%)<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q5.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/24c8590300a74c8392be9ef06aa053c9.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">致命不良事件总结</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q7.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/ad0e051f9fc34f20be8d424c212ca5c0.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">重要</span>临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中,接受阿替利珠单抗+贝伐珠单抗的患者中有4.6%<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了5级不良反应,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>胃肠<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、肺炎、脓胸等,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>死亡。Tremelimumab+度伐利尤单抗治疗组中有2.3%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>因重度不良事件如心肌炎、肝炎等死亡。值得一提的是,在纳武单抗的治疗中未报告任何5级不良事件。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q7.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/d921172269d54ef08fe86c53ef6df5c8.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">不良反应<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率的meta分析总结</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q3.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/db1600213f434b6a94e0167de59bb5cb.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>META分析,肝细胞癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的不良事件<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率与其他肿瘤类型<span style="color: black;">类似</span>。大约83.4%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>经历了任何级别的治疗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>不良事件,其中33%为3级或更高级别。免疫<span style="color: black;">关联</span>不良事件的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率为34%,其中9%为3级或更高。最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>不良事件是AST<span style="color: black;">上升</span>和疲劳。因不良事件中断治疗的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>比例为6.6%。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q5.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/3d4b0b8cb1214101bd9d62229b810593.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">罕见的致死事件</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q5.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/ee7b01050a9048298397a2c91e2cf37d.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">尽管不<span style="color: black;">平常</span>,某些严重的免疫<span style="color: black;">关联</span>不良事件在临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中已被<span style="color: black;">报告</span>,<span style="color: black;">触及</span>对生命<span style="color: black;">形成</span>威胁的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>或死亡。例如,一名76岁的男性在接受阿替利珠单抗+贝伐珠单抗治疗两周后<span style="color: black;">显现</span>混乱、嗜睡和呕吐,被诊断为脑炎,经过高剂量类固醇治疗后在9天内完全恢复。另一名75岁男性在输注<span style="color: black;">时期</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">头昏</span>、麻木和<span style="color: black;">认识</span>丧失,被诊断为过敏性休克,治疗后未继续<span style="color: black;">运用</span>阿替利珠单抗+贝伐珠单抗。还有报告<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>一名82岁男性在接受治疗三天后因急性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>窘迫综合症到急诊科,尽管进行了治疗但<span style="color: black;">最后</span>不幸去世。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<span style="color: black;">有些</span>病例报告中记录了在<span style="color: black;">运用</span>这些免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>后<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的静脉曲张<span style="color: black;">流血</span>。这些案例强调了在接受免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂治疗的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,监测严重不良事件的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>性,并且在<span style="color: black;">显现</span>任何严重症状时需立即采取治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q5.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/1ce2e19685094bc99f211d9d152aca8c.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">不良反应标志更好的预后</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q1.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/3ca8d0f1b0614ee8b6122508dc44ae7e.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>,经历免疫<span style="color: black;">关联</span>不良事件的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>展示改善的<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期(PFS),但总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期(OS)<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span>差异。在一项<span style="color: black;">触及</span>7,936名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的48项临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的元分析中,皮肤、胃肠和内分泌系统的不良事件与纳武利尤单抗治疗后的客观反应率(ORR)呈正<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。另一方面,高于2级的治疗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>不良事件被认为是改善OS和PFS的预测因子,并且与更高的ORR<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。<span style="color: black;">身患</span>甲状腺不良反应的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在<span style="color: black;">调节</span>混杂<span style="color: black;">原因</span>后,展示了<span style="color: black;">明显</span>更好的PFS、OS和ORR。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q3.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/360c2ee6f91b49498cb30d1d00581067.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">不良反应的治疗</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q9.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/4e0742fe319d41bca4b2611a1fc21431.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">免疫<span style="color: black;">关联</span>不良反应<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂<span style="color: black;">控制</span>免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点,<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>反应性T细胞<span style="color: black;">失去控制</span>攻击身体。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,不良事件的治疗<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span>是<span style="color: black;">控制</span>免疫系统。处理方式<span style="color: black;">包含</span>在可能的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下停用免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂,尤其是<span style="color: black;">针对</span>3级或更高级别的严重不良事件。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>2级或更高级别的不良事件,可能<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>剂量减少。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>在停用免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂或减少剂量后不良事件仍然<span style="color: black;">连续</span>存在,可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>皮质类固醇治疗。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>对类固醇<span style="color: black;">没</span>反应,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂。在极<span style="color: black;">少许</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,<span style="color: black;">血液</span>置换疗法已被证明可以改善致命不良事件的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q1.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/1cefe9131c594d1d95224075b04735c8.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">结论</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q7.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240428/daec8982242a43219eee15185953e778.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在不可切除的肝细胞癌治疗中,免疫治疗被广泛<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂可能在多个器官<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>不良事件,<span style="color: black;">认识</span>预期的不良事件并在<span style="color: black;">起始</span>免疫治疗前进行器官<span style="color: black;">评定</span>至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。在肝细胞癌的治疗中,免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂越来越多地被用于联合疗法而非单独治疗。尽管不良事件的表现时间不一且难以预测,但医疗专业人员的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>检测和管理极为<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。管理不良事件基本<span style="color: black;">触及</span>停用免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂、<span style="color: black;">运用</span>皮质类固醇或其他免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂,并<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>针对特定类型的不良事件的特定治疗。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">国际肝胆<span style="color: black;">新闻</span></span></span></span><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛:http://www.fok120.com/</span>,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">责任编辑:网友投稿</span></p>
我完全同意你的观点,说得太对了。 我完全同意你的观点,说得太对了。 期待更新、坐等、迫不及待等。
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