黑客是怎么样入侵网站？为么企业网站需要渗透测试？
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>的运维人员，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是中大型企业，网站被攻击，网站打不开是一件再平常<span style="color: black;">不外</span>的事情了。今天<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>说黑客是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>入侵你的网站<span style="color: black;">引起</span>用户<span style="color: black;">没法</span>正常<span style="color: black;">拜访</span>的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>关注<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的用户有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>是企业运维者，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">博主</span>在后面再说下<span style="color: black;">为何</span>企业网站需要做渗透测试。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>的网站可分为三大块：个人运营、团队/<span style="color: black;">机构</span>运营、政府运营。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">个人网站比例还是很大的，这种网站<span style="color: black;">都数</span>采用开源系统。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">如<span style="color: black;">博客类</span>：Wordpress、Emlog、Typecho、Z-blog、More...，</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">社区类</span><span style="color: black;">：Discuz、PHPwind、StartBBS、Mybb等等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">团队/<span style="color: black;">机构</span>网站<span style="color: black;">运用</span>常用的开源CMS比例<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是非常大，政府类网站基本上外包<span style="color: black;">研发</span>较多。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当然互联网<span style="color: black;">机构</span>自家<span style="color: black;">制品</span>应用必然都是<span style="color: black;">机构</span>自主<span style="color: black;">研发</span>：淘宝？知乎？豆瓣？等等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>更广泛的话，可分为两大块：<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">开源与闭源</span></strong>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">能够有效说明网站伪安全的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>从实战出发的<span style="color: black;">方向</span>去证明到底是不是真的固若金汤。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>讲到入侵<span style="color: black;">办法</span>不是为了教<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>入侵网站，而是<span style="color: black;">认识</span>入侵的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>多种多样，知己知彼<span style="color: black;">才可</span>百战不殆。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">菜刀能够用来切菜，<span style="color: black;">一样</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>能够用来杀人。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">下面<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>下黑客入侵网站的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>普通的流程。</span></p><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fgnkxfGnnkTxNKrXUEXD3zYazBqYyojHTakeicibDD1sNic53Kic9K7lcsT7kXpTJQrJHpTC9w2glbP6ialpFhccTIw/640?tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">黑客们入侵网站<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>的流程</strong></span><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fgnkxfGnnkTwicRUel5L1ict7HNvhOJ2JBcJEeHskjCZDptTqaePv3VuDkehg0VibkXs97k1Xeuq2Q5yBXwnakZCQ/640?tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">1、信息收集</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.1/ Whois信息--注册人、<span style="color: black;">tel</span>、邮箱、DNS、<span style="color: black;">位置</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.2/ Googlehack--<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>目录、<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>文件、<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>信息收集</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.3/ 服务器IP--Nmap扫描、端口对应的服务、C段</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.4/ 旁注--Bing<span style="color: black;">查找</span>、脚本工具</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.5/ <span style="color: black;">倘若</span>遇到CDN--Cloudflare（绕过）、从子域入手（mail，postfix）、DNS传送域漏洞</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.6/ 服务器、组件（指纹）--操作系统、web server（apache，nginx，iis）、脚本语言</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.7/ More...</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>信息收集<span style="color: black;">周期</span>，攻击者基本上<span style="color: black;">已然</span>能够获取到网站的绝大部分信息，当然信息收集<span style="color: black;">做为</span>网站入侵的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>步，决定着后续入侵的成功。</span></p><span style="color: black;">2、漏洞挖掘</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.1/ 探测Web应用指纹--Discuz、PHPwind、Dedecms、Ecshop...</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.2/ XSS、CSRF、XSIO、SQLinjection、权限绕过、任意文件读取、文件<span style="color: black;">包括</span>...</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.3/ 上传漏洞--截断、修改、解析漏洞</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.4/ <span style="color: black;">有没有</span>验证码--进行暴力破解</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.5/ More...</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过漫长的一天，攻击者手里<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">把握</span>了你网站的<span style="color: black;">海量</span>信息以及不大不小的漏洞若干，下一步<span style="color: black;">她们</span>便会<span style="color: black;">起始</span>利用这些漏洞获取网站权限。</span></p><span style="color: black;">3、漏洞利用</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3.1/ 思考目的性--达到什么样的效果</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3.2/ <span style="color: black;">隐匿</span>，破坏性--<span style="color: black;">按照</span>探测到的应用指纹寻找对应的EXP攻击载荷<span style="color: black;">或</span>自己编写</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3.3/ <span style="color: black;">起始</span>漏洞攻击，获取相应权限，<span style="color: black;">按照</span>场景<span style="color: black;">区别</span>变化思路拿到webshell</span></p><span style="color: black;">4、权限<span style="color: black;">提高</span></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4.1/ <span style="color: black;">按照</span>服务器类型<span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>的攻击载荷进行权限<span style="color: black;">提高</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4.2/ <span style="color: black;">没法</span>进行权限<span style="color: black;">提高</span>，结合获取的资料<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">秘码</span>猜解，回溯信息收集</span></p><span style="color: black;">5、<span style="color: black;">移植</span>后门</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5.1/ 隐蔽性</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5.2/ <span style="color: black;">定时</span>查看并更新，保持周期性</span></p><span style="color: black;">6、日志清理</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">6.1/ 伪装性，隐蔽性，避免激警<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>删除指定日志</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">6.2/ <span style="color: black;">按照</span>时间段，find相应日志文件 太多太多。。。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">说了<span style="color: black;">那样</span>多，这些<span style="color: black;">过程</span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>你看懂了多少？其实大部分的脚本小黑显然<span style="color: black;">不消</span>这些繁琐的<span style="color: black;">过程</span>，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>只<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>快感！</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>会<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span>漏洞利用工具<span style="color: black;">或</span>弱口令（admin,admin888)进行攻击。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当然，这种“黑客”仅仅是出于“快感”而去想入侵你的网站，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是别有它意的人，麻烦就来了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">对了，上面这些<span style="color: black;">过程</span>是刚翻到12年我整理的一个freemind思维导图的部分内容：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YPliaPic9m8ucLD5zNs6bJs8b1rM8icWZSQ0Z08ZAZJQZ8k5apohxMpZfbZsnaTQ4VySp1iaAEtxTubwUSsa3IuwkA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">虽然时间比较久远，但大概的思路<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>子。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">说完入侵的流程，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>下<span style="color: black;">为何</span>企业网站需要做渗透测试。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>：网络安全法规定</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2017年6月1日正式实施的网络安全法中<span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>：第三十三条，至第三十八条针对关键信息<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>运营者所做的规定（如关键信息<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>运营商应当<span style="color: black;">自动</span>或<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>网络安全服务<span style="color: black;">公司</span>对其网络安全性和可能存在的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>每年<span style="color: black;">最少</span>进行一次检测<span style="color: black;">评定</span>，并将检测<span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>和改进<span style="color: black;">办法</span>报送<span style="color: black;">关联</span>负责关键信息<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>安全<span style="color: black;">守护</span>工作的<span style="color: black;">分部</span>），<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>相当的强制性——在法律责任部分<span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">说到</span>若不履行这些规定，则由<span style="color: black;">相关</span>主管<span style="color: black;">分部</span>责令整改、给予警告；</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">拒不改正或<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">害处</span>网络安全等后果的，处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>还对直接负责的主管人员除以一万元以上、十万元以下罚款。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">关于网络安全法的<span style="color: black;">诠释</span>，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>点击【<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">网络安全<span style="color: black;">诠释</span></strong></span>】进行查看</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">值得关注的是，在信息安全<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>中，渗透测试是一种常用且非常重要的手段。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">第二：渗透测试助力PCI DSS合规建设</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在PCI DSS（Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council支付卡行业安全标准委员会）第 11.3中有<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>：<span style="color: black;">最少</span>每年<span style="color: black;">或</span>在<span style="color: black;">基本</span>架构或应用程序有任何重大升级或修改后（例如操作系统升级、环境中添加子网络或环境中添加网络服务器）都需要执行内部和<span style="color: black;">外边</span>基于应用层和网络层的渗透测试。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第三：ISO27001认证的基线<span style="color: black;">需求</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">ISO27001 附录“A12信息系统<span style="color: black;">研发</span>、获取和<span style="color: black;">守护</span>”的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>，<span style="color: black;">创立</span>了软件安全<span style="color: black;">研发</span>周期，并且<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>提出应在上线前参<span style="color: black;">按例</span>如OWASP标准进行额外的渗透测试 。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>北京安普诺信息<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>ISO27001的认证。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第四：银监会多项监管指引中<span style="color: black;">需求</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">依据银监会<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的多项监管指引中<span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>，对银行的安全策略、内<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>度、<span style="color: black;">危害</span>管理、系统安全等方面需要进行的渗透测试和管控能力的考察与<span style="color: black;">评估</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">第五：最大限度减少业务损失</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;">除了满足政策的合规性<span style="color: black;">需求</span>、提高客户的操作安全性或满足业务合作伙伴的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。<span style="color: black;">最后</span>的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>应该是最大限度地减小业务<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">企业需要尽可能多地进行渗透测试，以保持安全<span style="color: black;">危害</span>在可<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的范围内。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">网站<span style="color: black;">研发</span>过程中，会<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>难以<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>、难以<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的隐形安全问题，当这些<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的瑕疵暴露于<span style="color: black;">外边</span>网络环境中的时候，就产生了信息安全威胁。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个问题，企业<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>的渗透测试进行有效防范，早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>、早<span style="color: black;">处理</span>。经过专业渗透人员测试加固后的系统会变得更加稳定、安全，测试后的报告<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>管理人员进行更好的项目决策，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>证明<span style="color: black;">增多</span>安全预算的必要性，并将安全问题传达到高级管理层。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">渗透测试与安全检测的区别</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">渗透测试<span style="color: black;">区别</span>于传统的安全扫描，在整体<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>框架中，脆弱性与安全扫描的关系可描述为“承上”，即如上面所讲，是对扫描结果的一种验证和<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，渗透测试相对传统安全扫描的最大差异在于渗透测试需要<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的人工介入的工作。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这些工作<span style="color: black;">重点</span>由专业安全人员发起，一方面，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>利用自己的专业知识，对扫描结果进行深入的分析和判断。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一方面则是<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>的经验，对扫描器<span style="color: black;">没法</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的、<span style="color: black;">隐匿</span>较深的安全问题进行手工的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>和测试，从而做出更为精确的验证（或模拟入侵）<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：悬镜安全实验室</p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">你会<span style="color: black;">爱好</span></span></strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;">渗透流程与相应的工具<span style="color: black;">运用</span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;">渗透小知识之Web渗透入侵流程思路（二）</a></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">长按公众号，可“ </span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">置顶</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"> ”</span></span></p>
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