一文读懂,肿瘤标记物八项全解
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">相信<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>过了40岁的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>在参加单位体检时,除了血、尿、便常规及肝肾功等常规检测外,都会<span style="color: black;">另一</span>再做一项叫做“肿瘤标记物八项”的血液检测。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>拿到这项检测结果时,相信<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>面对“天书”般的<span style="color: black;">各样</span>符号数字会<span style="color: black;">显出</span>手足<span style="color: black;">没</span>措,虽然体检报告上会对这些结果给予初步解释,但大部分<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>还是似懂非懂。今天彭<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>给<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">仔细</span>讲解一下肿瘤标记物八项。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>认识肿瘤标记物八项</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤标记物八项<span style="color: black;">通常</span>会<span style="color: black;">按照</span>性别分为男性肿标八项和女性肿标八项,其区别在于一个<span style="color: black;">包括</span>男性特有的前列腺癌标记物,另一个<span style="color: black;">包括</span>女性特有的乳腺癌及卵巢癌标记物。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>说男性肿标八项<span style="color: black;">包含</span>:甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原(CA19-9)、糖类抗原(CA50)、糖类抗原(CA72-4)、细胞角蛋白(CYFRA21-1)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、前列腺特异型抗原(PSA),各个体检<span style="color: black;">公司</span>肿标八项所<span style="color: black;">包括</span>的内容可能会有微小的差异,<span style="color: black;">不外</span>大体差不多。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.1、甲胎蛋白(AFP)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">AFP是原发性肝癌的特异性标志物,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于肝癌筛查、<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断和术后跟踪。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>表明,70%~90%的原发性肝癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>AFP含量会<span style="color: black;">升高</span>。并且,AFP水平在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度上反应肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">体积</span>,其动态变化与病情发展有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的关系,是<span style="color: black;">表示</span>治疗效果和预后判断的一项<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>指标。正常参考值:0~15 ng/ml。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-41173b2965f29c6416e2560919a31bc9_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.2、癌胚抗原(CEA)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">CEA是广谱性的肿瘤标记物指标,它的<span style="color: black;">上升</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>于大肠癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、甲状腺髓样癌、肝癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、泌尿系肿瘤等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">CEA<span style="color: black;">针对</span>肿瘤的预后<span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">道理</span>,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>对肿瘤术后复发<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>极高的<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>度,<span style="color: black;">达到</span>80%以上,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>早于临床、病理<span style="color: black;">检测</span>及X光<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。<span style="color: black;">海量</span>临床实践证实,检测术前或治疗前CEA浓度能<span style="color: black;">知道</span>预示肿瘤的状态、存活期及有<span style="color: black;">没</span>手术指征等。正常参考值:0~5 ng/ml</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>需<span style="color: black;">重视</span>:吸烟、妊娠和心血管<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、糖尿病等,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>血清CEA的<span style="color: black;">上升</span>,应予以排除。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.3、糖类抗原(CA19-9)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">CA19-9在胰腺癌、肝胆系癌、胃癌、结直肠癌等中会<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">上升</span>。其中,阳性率以胰腺癌为最高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">事实上,CA19-9是迄今为止<span style="color: black;">报告</span>的对胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性最高的标志物,<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性和特异性均<span style="color: black;">达到</span>90%以上;并且 CA19-9水平与胰腺癌的<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>,血清中含量的高低提示手术的难易程度;术前CA19-9水平对预后有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>提示<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,低者预后好;术后CA19-9水平降至正常者<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期长于未下降者;肿瘤复发时,CA19-9可再度<span style="color: black;">上升</span>,并且<span style="color: black;">出现</span>于影像学诊断之前,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>可用于监测肿瘤复发。正常参考值:<37 U / ml</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">需<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,在急性胰腺炎、胆囊炎、胆汁淤积性胆管炎、肝硬化、肝炎等<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>中,CA19-9<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会有不同程度的<span style="color: black;">上升</span>,并且在某些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>CA19-9不<span style="color: black;">上升</span>的特殊<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,例如:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)机体体液中<span style="color: black;">有些</span>抗体与CA19-9抗原形成免疫复合物,从而降低了CA19-9抗原的活性,故在血清中检测不到CA19-9;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)肿瘤细胞本身血液循环差,其所产生的CA19-9抗原<span style="color: black;">不可</span>分泌到外周血中去;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)血液标本的采集、储存<span style="color: black;">欠妥</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会影响CA199的测定结果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>单纯凭CA19-9的检测结果来轻易确定<span style="color: black;">或</span>排除胰腺癌的诊断,而是要结合临床症状及其他辅助<span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果来综合判断。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.4、癌抗原50(CA50)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">CA50是一种非特</p>
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