打一针疫苗,快速激活抗癌能力!今日《细胞》:癌症疫苗临床实验初显成效
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">▎药明康德内容团队编辑</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">mRNA癌症疫苗的<span style="color: black;">研发</span>和<span style="color: black;">发展</span>是近年来癌症治疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>引人关注的突破方向。注射一针癌症疫苗,刺激肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的免疫系统<span style="color: black;">得到</span>更强的抗癌能力,这种设想正<span style="color: black;">作为</span>即将到来的现实。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今日,《细胞》杂志<span style="color: black;">发布</span>的新<span style="color: black;">科研</span>展示了一款候选mRNA癌症疫苗,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>对免疫系统重新编程,<strong style="color: blue;">在注射后的短短48小时内,<span style="color: black;">就可</span><span style="color: black;">快速</span>激活免疫系统的抗癌能力,有效对付抗药性肿瘤</strong>。在首次人体临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员用这款疫苗治疗了极具侵袭性的致命<span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span>——胶质母细胞瘤,4名成年<span style="color: black;">病人</span>参加了<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">新<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中的这款mRNA癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>脂质纳米颗粒的包裹将mRNA送入<span style="color: black;">目的</span>位置,以便刺激免疫系统。但其与已知用于COVID-19的mRNA疫苗有两个<span style="color: black;">重要</span>的不同点:一是<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>载体的脂质纳米颗粒采用了新设计的“洋葱式”多层膜</strong>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>大幅<span style="color: black;">加强</span>有效载荷包装和免疫原性;<strong style="color: blue;">mRNA则是<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>的肿瘤细胞来设计的</strong>,从手术切除的肿瘤细胞中提取RNA进行分析后进行mRNA的制备,这种个体化设计旨在最大限度地利用<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人独有的免疫系统。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>设想,这种疫苗经静脉注射到体内后,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>激活基质细胞中的识别受体RIG-I并激活免疫反应,<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">海量</span>细胞因子/趋化因子的释放,树突状细胞/淋巴细胞的激活和迁移,<strong style="color: blue;">把肿瘤微环境从原先免疫细胞少、免疫应答弱的“冷肿瘤”状态<span style="color: black;">快速</span>转变为了免疫反应非常活跃的“热肿瘤”状态</strong>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q2.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240506/82ede7d2a00f4389834f97249bc73f8b.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">▲</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>示意图(<span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:参考资料)</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">论文介绍,在首次人体<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中,这款癌症疫苗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在胶质母细胞瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>如预期那样<span style="color: black;">导致</span>了胶质瘤特异性免疫反应。<span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>疫苗的临床效果还为时尚早,但<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员指出,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">没</span>病<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期或存活期都超过预期</strong>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q7.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240506/4132dca264f1419ba788e1a51c179b31.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">▲首个临床1期<span style="color: black;">实验</span>用于治疗胶质母细胞瘤</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">(<span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:参考资料)</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而在推进到人体<span style="color: black;">实验</span>之前,还有10条患癌的宠物狗在主人的同意下率先接受了这款在研疫苗的治疗,并延长了生命。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">据参与这项临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的兽医介绍,<strong style="color: blue;">恶性胶质瘤在狗身上的自然<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率较高,并且<span style="color: black;">一般</span>难以治疗</strong>。参与<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的这些宠物狗均<span style="color: black;">身患</span>晚期胶质瘤,<span style="color: black;">本来</span>已到<span style="color: black;">没</span>药可医的<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。而用这种个体化mRNA疫苗治疗后,<strong style="color: blue;">经过一次注射,10只宠物狗的中位<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期达到139天,相比之下,<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">身患</span>这种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的狗的中位<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期为30~60天</strong>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">分析结果还<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,与临床前小鼠模型的结果一致,单次注射数天后,狗狗<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的肿瘤微环境就有了变化。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">基于<span style="color: black;">日前</span>令人振奋的<span style="color: black;">实验</span>结果,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>团队透露接下来将扩大1期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,纳入多名<span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>儿童<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。与此<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">说到</span>了这种新疫苗<span style="color: black;">日前</span>存在的局限性,最<span style="color: black;">重要</span>在于<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>最大限度地减少潜在的不良<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>发展机制,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>有了<span style="color: black;">那些</span>突破?<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们又找到了<span style="color: black;">那些</span>对抗癌症的新<span style="color: black;">工具</span>?</span></p>
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