PHP
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">什么是PHP？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">PHP</span></strong><span style="color: black;">（PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor）即“</span><strong style="color: blue;">超文本预处理器</strong><span style="color: black;">”，是在</span><strong style="color: blue;">服务器<span style="color: black;">端</span></strong><span style="color: black;">执行的</span><strong style="color: blue;">脚本语言</strong><span style="color: black;">，尤其适用于</span>Web<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">研发</span>并可嵌入</span>HTML<span style="color: black;">中。通俗<span style="color: black;">来讲</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>用于<span style="color: black;">研发</span>网站的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">PHP能做什么？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">W3Techs2019年12月6号发布的统计数据</span><span style="color: black;">，</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">78.7％</span></strong><span style="color: black;">网站的服务器端编程语言<span style="color: black;">运用</span></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">PHP</span></strong><span style="color: black;">。当然PHP<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>别的东西，</span>例如：<span style="color: black;">微X</span>小程序，公众号，app接口等，PHP脚本还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用于编写桌面应用程序。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">PHP的版本有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当前最新版本为 <strong style="color: blue;">PHP8.0</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下面是 <strong style="color: blue;">PHP</strong> <span style="color: black;">区别</span>的版本发布日期以及相应的版本特点</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.0</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1995-06-08</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">--</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首次<span style="color: black;">运用</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.0</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1996-04-16</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">--</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对PHP 1.0的改进版，速度更快、体积更小，<span style="color: black;">更易</span>产生动态网页。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3.0</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1998-06-06</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2000-10-20</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Zeev Suraski和Andi Gutmans重写了底层，支持可扩展组件。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4.0</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2000-05-22</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2001-06-23</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">增多</span>了Zend引擎，支持<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的 web 服务器、HTTP Sessions 支持、输出缓冲、更安全的用户输入和<span style="color: black;">有些</span>新的语言结构</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4.1</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2001-12-10</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2002-03-12</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">加入了superglobal(超全局的概念，即$_GET、$_POST等)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4.2</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2002-04-22</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2002-09-06</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">默认禁用register_globals</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4.3</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2002-12-27</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2005-03-31</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">引入了命令行界面CLI用来<span style="color: black;">不消</span>CGI</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4.4</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2005-07-11</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2008-08-08</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">修复了<span style="color: black;">有些</span>致命错误</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5.0</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2004-07-13</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2005-09-05</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Zend升级为二代引擎，<span style="color: black;">起始</span>支持面向对象编程</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5.1</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2005-11-24</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2006-08-24</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">引入了编译器来<span style="color: black;">加强</span>性能、<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了PDO<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">拜访</span>数据库的接口</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5.2</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2006-11-02</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2011-01-06</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">默认启用过滤器扩展</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5.3</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2009-06-30</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2014-08-14</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">支持命名空间;<span style="color: black;">运用</span>XMLReader和XMLWriter<span style="color: black;">加强</span>XML支持;支持SOAP ,延迟静态绑定，<span style="color: black;">转</span>标签（有限的goto）, 闭包，Native PHP archives。php-fpm在php5.3.3 版本<span style="color: black;">作为</span>了官方正式组件</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5.4</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2012-03-01</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2015-09-03</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">支持Trait、简短数组表达式。移除了register_globals, safe_mode, allow_call_time_pass_reference, session_register(), session_unregister(), magic_quotes以及session_is_registered()。加入了内建的Web服务器。<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了性能，减小内存<span style="color: black;">运用</span>量。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5.5</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2013-06-20</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2016-07-10</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">支持generators，用于<span style="color: black;">反常</span>处理的finally ，将OpCache（基于 Zend Optimizer+）加入官方发布中。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5.6</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2014-08-28</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2018-12-31</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">常数标量表达式、可变参数函数、参数拆包、新的求幂运算符、函数和常量的use语句的扩展、新的phpdbg调试器<span style="color: black;">做为</span>SAPI模块，以及其他更小的改进。<span style="color: black;">运用</span>php://input替代 $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA，iconv和mbstring配置选项中和编码<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的选项废弃。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">6.x</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">未发布</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">--</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">取消掉的、从未正式发布的PHP版本。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">7.0</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2015-12-03</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2018-12-03</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Zend引擎升级到三代 ，整体性能是5.6的2倍。移除ereg、mssql、mysql、sybase_ct等4个扩展。引入了类型声明，有两种模式: 强制 (默认) 和 严格模式。支持匿名类。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">7.1</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2016-12-01</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2019-12-01</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">void返回值类型，类常量，可见性修饰符，新增可为空（Nullable）类型，新增短数组语法（[]）的，支持多<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">捕捉</span>处理，废弃了mcrypt 扩展用OpenSSL取代</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">7.2</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2017-11-30</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2020-11-30</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">GD 扩展内的 png2wbmp() 和 jpeg2wbmp() 被废弃，对象参数和返回类型提示、抽象<span style="color: black;">办法</span>重写等</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">7.3</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2018-12-06</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2021-12-06</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">更灵活的 Heredoc 和 Nowdoc 语法，<span style="color: black;">体积</span>写不<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>的常量声明现被废弃，在字符串中搜索非字符串内容都将被视为字符串，而不是 ASCII 编码值。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">7.4</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2019-11-28</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2022-11-28</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Preloading预加载机制，改进OpenSSL、弱引用等。属性添加限定类型、有限返回类型协变与参数类型逆变、数值文字分隔符，为过渡到PHP8做了<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的准备。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">8.0.0</span></p>
</div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">学习完 PHP 以后，在<span style="color: black;">实质</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>中应该怎么做？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当你学习完<strong style="color: blue;">PHP</strong>以后，你会在实际<span style="color: black;">研发</span>过程中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>许多问题，<span style="color: black;">基本</span>无从下手。<span style="color: black;">此时</span>你就会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，你学了<strong style="color: blue;">PHP</strong>只是学了个<span style="color: black;">基本</span>。就好比你学会了写字，却<span style="color: black;">无</span>办法写出一篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>。这个时候就用到了框架。至于什么是框架？请看下一篇</p>
你的努力一定会被看见，相信自己，加油。 楼主的文章深得我心，表示由衷的感谢！
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