有意思!2018年最有趣的四项医学科研
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">导</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">读:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">2018年在健康<span style="color: black;">行业</span><span style="color: black;">哪些</span>有趣的医学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,你<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>几个?</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">作者:刘三姐</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:“<span style="color: black;">医脉通</span>”<span style="color: black;">微X</span>号(ID:medlive)</span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>又度过了繁忙的一年,年初定的小<span style="color: black;">目的</span>都实现了吗?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>,美国某健康网站总结了2018年在健康<span style="color: black;">行业</span><span style="color: black;">哪些</span>有趣的医学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,医脉通进行了归纳总结,供<span style="color: black;">大众</span>假期阅读。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>16:8间歇性禁食</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>和营养<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">专题</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>2018年热门的互联网搜索之一,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人对16:8禁食益处的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>表现出了<span style="color: black;">极重</span>的兴趣。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">什么是16:8禁食?这其实是一种间歇性的禁食减肥法,在这种<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>中,一个人<span style="color: black;">能够</span>自由地吃任何<span style="color: black;">食品</span>8小时,想吃啥吃啥,但在接下来的16小时内必须禁食。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在今年6月,一项<span style="color: black;">发布</span>在《营养与健康老龄化》(Nutrition and Healthy Aging)杂志上的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,来自芝加哥伊利诺伊大学的<span style="color: black;">专家</span>证实,这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>有效地<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">肥壮</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>减肥。并<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的参与者在12周内<span style="color: black;">始终</span>遵循这种<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>习惯,到<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结束时,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的体重<span style="color: black;">已然</span>减少了3%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>了这种16:8禁食模式对<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>者的好处,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>不仅它不仅<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有效减肥,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>有助于降低血压。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,禁食期<span style="color: black;">促进</span>身体<span style="color: black;">起始</span>燃烧脂肪,而不是糖,将它们转化为<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>所需要的能量,这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>间歇性禁食对减肥有效的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">然而,作者<span style="color: black;">亦</span>推测,这些类型的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>所<span style="color: black;">起步</span>的代谢过程<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>延长寿命,<span style="color: black;">守护</span>认知功能,减少炎症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>危险的<span style="color: black;">引诱</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>假期即将来临,人们有可能会被<span style="color: black;">各样</span>罪恶的<span style="color: black;">愉快</span>所<span style="color: black;">引诱</span>。“毕竟,这只是几天<span style="color: black;">罢了</span>,”<span style="color: black;">她们</span>或许会告诉自己,“元旦派对之后,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>回到正轨上了。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尽管如此,今年的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>顶级<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>了这些<span style="color: black;">引诱</span>有多么害人,它们对健康的影响有多么严重。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">例如,《瘾》(Addiction)杂志上的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,饮酒比<span style="color: black;">运用</span>其他有争议的兴奋剂(尤其是大麻)有更大的<span style="color: black;">害处</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>报告作者肯特哈奇森(Kent Hutchison)警告说:“大麻会带来<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的<span style="color: black;">消极</span>影响,但它与酒精的<span style="color: black;">消极</span>后果相比甚远。”<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>饮酒会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>灰质体积的减少,它还会损害白质(白质含有轴突,或脑细胞之间的连接,使它们能够传递信息)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今年,电子烟<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">害处</span>人体健康<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">诱发</span>了美国<span style="color: black;">公众</span>的讨论。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当电子烟<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次上市时,制造商和拥护者都<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>赞电子烟是一种简单、安全的戒烟方式。然而,许多<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,电子烟中的液体<span style="color: black;">一样</span>含有有毒物质,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>有毒蒸气的形成。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今年,美国国家科学院、工程院和医学会发布了一份<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的报告,对数百篇分析<span style="color: black;">运用</span>电子烟的好处和<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的科学论文进行了回顾。该报告指出,有证据<span style="color: black;">显示</span>电子烟含有有毒物质。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尽管电子烟的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>相<span style="color: black;">针对</span>普通香烟的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>带来了<span style="color: black;">有些</span>好处,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>经常接触这些电子设备的人接触尼古丁的次数几乎与正常吸烟的人<span style="color: black;">同样</span>多。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">作者<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>说,电子烟中的尼古丁摄入<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了<span style="color: black;">运用</span>者的心率。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,电子烟蒸气中释放的有毒化学物质会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>DNA<span style="color: black;">损害</span>,这可能会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>患多种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,这<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span>形式的癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>世界卫生组织(WHO)的数据,今年<span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">大概</span>960万人<span style="color: black;">亡于</span>与癌症或癌症<span style="color: black;">相关</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,这使得的癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>世界各国的重要任务之一。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当谈到癌症,人们<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是紧张焦虑的。诊断任何类型的癌症都可能是一个漫长而困难的过程,而漫长的诊断很可能会延误治疗的最佳<span style="color: black;">机会</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,快速和准确的诊断<span style="color: black;">作为</span>了治疗癌症过程中的重要一环。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了达到这一<span style="color: black;">目的</span>,马里兰州巴尔的摩约翰霍普金斯大学医学院的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">研发</span>了一种全新的血液测试,名为CancerSeek,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>在《科学》(Science)杂志上<span style="color: black;">报告</span>了<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>过程。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">她们</span>指出,这项测试非常<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>,能够以中等到高的准确度检测8种癌症,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>乳腺癌、肺癌、结直肠癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、胃癌、胰腺癌和食管癌。并且,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>卵巢癌的检测,它是最精确的,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>完成98%的诊断。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">作者解释说,这项全新的血液测试确定了特定的癌症生物标志物,例如<span style="color: black;">通知</span>基因突变,以及与<span style="color: black;">区别</span>类型的癌症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的蛋白质的存在。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>新方向,旧<span style="color: black;">办法</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2018年的另一个<span style="color: black;">科研</span>趋势是重新<span style="color: black;">评定</span>旧的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>或已知的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>专家<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>将它们用于新的目的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">小苏打<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个例子,传统上许多人用它来缓解心痛。今年<span style="color: black;">发布</span>在《免疫学杂志》(Immunology)上的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,这种厨房味料<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>治疗关节炎。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">来自奥古斯塔大学医学院的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员报告说,饮用小苏打溶液<span style="color: black;">能够</span>预防类风湿关节炎和其他炎症性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。这是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>小苏打会影响脾脏的间皮细胞,这些细胞连接<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的器官,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>它们不会对重<span style="color: black;">食品</span>“反应过度”,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会将它们视为感染的威胁。这似乎<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会影响脾脏、肾脏和外周血中<span style="color: black;">各样</span>免疫细胞的活性,从而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>促炎细胞因子的减少和抗炎细胞因子的<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">阿尔茨海默病是一种<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的神经退行性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>在65岁后<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>。在今年,不止一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>用于治疗单纯疱疹病毒的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>可降低阿尔茨海默病的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,其中最大的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>是,积极实施这种疗法<span style="color: black;">能够</span>降低患<span style="color: black;">痴傻</span>症的相对<span style="color: black;">危害</span>10倍。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今年,<span style="color: black;">有些</span>膳食<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>剂<span style="color: black;">亦</span>得到了积极的关注。一种是烟酰胺核苷,一种是维生素B-3<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>剂,<span style="color: black;">有些</span>制造商将其<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>蛋白质奶昔和营养棒中的一种<span style="color: black;">成份</span>。<span style="color: black;">发布</span>在《自然通讯》(Nature Communications)杂志上的一项小型<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,烟酰胺核苷<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>剂<span style="color: black;">能够</span>对血压产生有益的影响,随着年龄的增长,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">守护</span>动脉的健康。<span style="color: black;">(原标题:你可能没听过的!2018年最有趣的医学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">信源:https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324063.php</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">——————————————</strong></span></p>
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