【论著】Y染色体丢失在多发性骨髓瘤病人中的临床道理
<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">点击标题下「蓝色<span style="color: black;">微X</span>名」可快速关注</span></span></strong><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">文案</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">中华检验医学杂志, 2023,46(6) : 618-624</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">作者:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">马艳婷 沈敏娜 陈朴 姜惠琴 黄斐 张春燕 潘柏申 王蓓丽 郭玮</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">摘要</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">目的</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">探究Y染色体丢失(LOY)在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>分层及预后<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">办法</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年1月复旦大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院收治的193例男性初诊MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的临床资料,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>初诊染色体核型结果分成正常核型组(178例)与伴LOY核型组(15例)。采用秩和检验、2×2列联表卡方检验和独立样本t检验比较2组间肝肾功能、免疫组化和细胞遗传学等实验室<span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果、治疗疗效及<span style="color: black;">存活</span>预后等<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>分析及Cox回归探究LOY的临床预后。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">结果</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">初诊男性MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>LOY的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率为8%(15/178)。伴LOY组的修订的国际分期系统(R-ISS)Ⅲ期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>比例(8/15)高于正常核型组(40/178)(χ2=7.052,P<0.01),且<span style="color: black;">出现</span>1q21扩增的比例(10/13)高于正常核型组(77/162)(χ2=4.159,P<0.05)。正常核型组在完成第4周期化疗后达到完全缓解(CR)/严格<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的完全缓解(sCR)的比例(63/171)高于伴LOY组(1/15)(χ2=5.564,P<0.05),<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>(PD)的比例(16/171)<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">小于</span>伴LOY组(4/15)(χ2=4.306,P<0.05)。伴LOY组MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的2年<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期(PFS)较正常核型组短(Z=‒3.201,P<0.01)。单<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>分析结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,肌酐≥93 μmol/L、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)≥4.0 mg/L、血清游离轻链比值(sFLC)<0.06、骨髓浆细胞(BMPC)比例≥30%、R-ISS Ⅲ期、化疗4周期后未达CR/sCR及伴LOY、1q21扩增、P53缺失和t(4;14)遗传学<span style="color: black;">反常</span>的初诊MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>PFS缩短(P均<0.05);Cox回归分析<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,肌酐≥93 μmol/L(HR=4.460,95%CI 1.615~12.314,P=0.004)、sFLC<0.06(HR=2.873,95%CI 1.206~6.849,P=0.017)、化疗4周期后未达CR/sCR(HR=3.522,95%CI 1.437~8.634,P=0.006)及伴LOY(HR=3.485,95%CI 1.473~8.249,P=0.006)为影响初诊MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>PFS的独立危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">结论</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">LOY对初治MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的疗效与预后有<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">道理</span>,是不良预后的独立危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,或可<span style="color: black;">作为</span>新型的临床<span style="color: black;">评定</span>指标。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)是一种克隆浆细胞<span style="color: black;">反常</span>增殖的恶性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,是世界上第二大<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的血液系统恶性肿瘤,多于老年发病,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>仍<span style="color: black;">没</span>法治愈</span>[1]<span style="color: black;">。在<span style="color: black;">运用</span>不同<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">类似</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>治疗时,MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的预后均<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>高度异质性</span>[2, 3]<span style="color: black;">。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,识别高危<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>分层非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span></span>[4]<span style="color: black;">。近年来,<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>Y染色体除了在男性性别决定中的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>外,在生物学功能方面<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">道理</span></span>[5]<span style="color: black;">。体细胞Y染色体丢失(loss of chromosome Y,LOY)与<span style="color: black;">各样</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">升高</span>以及预期寿命降低<span style="color: black;">相关</span></span>[6]<span style="color: black;">。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>在血液系统恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>中已<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,LOY与骨髓增殖性肿瘤(myeloproliferative neoplasms,MPN)、骨髓增生<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">综合症</span>(myelodysplastic syndromes,MDS)、急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemias,AML)和B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>发展、临床表征及预后等<span style="color: black;">原因</span>密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span></span>[7, 8]</span><span style="color: black;">。然而<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>针对LOY在MM中的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>却寥寥<span style="color: black;">没</span>几,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>意在探索伴LOY的MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的临床特点,并探究该类<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的预后<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,以求找到二者间的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性,从而为临床<span style="color: black;">供给</span>新型的预后<span style="color: black;">评定</span>思路与信息,并对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行更有效的个体化治疗。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">对象与<span style="color: black;">办法</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;">1、</span>对象<span style="color: black;">回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年1月在复旦大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院收治的初诊MM男性<span style="color: black;">病人</span>共193例,年龄65(58,71)岁,其中,IgG-κ型46例,IgG-λ型42例,IgA-κ型28例,IgA-λ型38例,IgM-κ型2例,IgM-λ型2例,IgD-κ型1例,IgD-λ型1例,不分泌型4例,κ轻链型8例,λ轻链型21例。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>均符合《中国多发性骨髓瘤诊治指南(2020年修订)》诊断标准[1],且在诊断时对骨髓样本进行了染色体核型及细胞遗传学分析;<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在随访截止日期前在我院规律化疗<span style="color: black;">最少</span>4个周期。排除伴有严重肝肾原发病;合并其他恶性肿瘤或血液系统恶性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>初诊染色体核型结果将193例<span style="color: black;">病人</span>分为正常核型组和伴LOY核型组,并收集<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的年龄、肌酐、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、钙(calcium,Ca)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-microglobulin,β2-MG)、血清游离轻链比值(serum free light chain,sFLC)、骨髓浆细胞(bone marrow plasma cell,BMPC)比例、荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)检测结果、修订的国际分期系统(revised international staging system,R-ISS)分期、治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>和疗效预后等临床资料,并对两组各项临床指标进行统计分析和比较。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>已<span style="color: black;">经过</span>复旦大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院医学伦理审查(B2022-207)。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>为回顾性分析,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>复旦大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院伦理委员会审核豁免知情同意。</span><span style="color: black;">2、</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1. 仪器与试剂:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">染色体自动扫描分析系统(德国ZEISS<span style="color: black;">机构</span>)、Olympus BX51荧光显微镜(日本Olympus<span style="color: black;">机构</span>)、骨髓培养基(青岛莱佛生物工程<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所)、秋水仙胺(日本SIGMA<span style="color: black;">机构</span>)、胰蛋白酶(广州达晖生物技术有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>)。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2. 染色体标本采集与制备:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">常规抽取<span style="color: black;">病人</span>肝素抗凝骨髓液6 ml,取适量骨髓液(使细胞浓度为1×106~2×106/ml)接种于骨髓培养基中37 ℃培养2~3 d,再加入20 μg/L的秋水仙碱20 μl,37 ℃温育120 min。将骨髓液移入10 ml离心管中1 300×g离心10 min,弃上清,加入预温至37 ℃的0.075 mmo/L的氯化钾10 ml,充分混匀,37 ℃温育35 min,加入2 ml固定液(3∶1的甲醇和冰醋酸),混匀后1 300×g离心10 min,弃上清,加入固定液10 ml充分混匀,<span style="color: black;">安置</span>45 min后1 300×g离心10 min,弃上清,加入固定液10 ml充分混匀,<span style="color: black;">安置</span>45 min后1 300×g离心10 min,弃上清,加入适量固定液配制成细胞悬液制片,用于后续实验。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3. 常规染色体核型分析:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">将制备的染色体标本在显带液中进行G显带处理,即配制0.025%胰酶、0.85%生理盐水及吉姆萨染液,置于37 ℃水浴箱中预热20 min。玻片采用胰酶消化(50 s起),后用生理盐水漂洗终止消化,并放入吉姆萨染液中染色(1 min<span style="color: black;">上下</span>)。最后用流水慢速冲洗、风干。在显微镜下分析中期分裂象(每份标本分析20个分裂象)。依据《人类细胞遗传学国际命名体制(2016)》确定染色体核型与<span style="color: black;">反常</span>克隆[9]。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4. FISH检测:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">采用Rbl和D13S319、1q21、P53、免疫球蛋白重链基因(immunoglobulin heavy chain gene,IgH)探针分别检测13q14缺失、lq21扩增、P53缺失、IGH重排<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5. 疗效<span style="color: black;">评估</span>标准:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>分期、治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>与疗效<span style="color: black;">评估</span>标准均参照《中国多发性骨髓瘤诊治指南(2020年修订)》[1]。其中<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>分期纳入R-ISS。疗效标准<span style="color: black;">包含</span>严格<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的完全缓解(stringent complete response,sCR)、完全缓解(complete response,CR)、非常好的部分缓解(very good partial response,VGPR)、部分缓解(partial response,PR)、微小缓解(minimal response,MR)、<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>稳定(stable disease,SD)和<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>(progressive disease,PD)。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">6. 治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>及随访:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">含有硼替佐米/地塞米松的<span style="color: black;">方法</span>:硼替佐米/地塞米松、硼替佐米/阿霉素/地塞米松、硼替佐米/环磷酰胺/地塞米松、硼替佐米/沙利度胺/地塞米松;含有来那度胺/地塞米松的<span style="color: black;">方法</span>:来那度胺/地塞米松、来那度胺/硼替佐米/地塞米松、来那度胺/环磷酰胺/地塞米松;含有沙利度胺/地塞米松的<span style="color: black;">方法</span>:沙利度胺/阿霉素/地塞米松、长春新碱/沙利度胺/地塞米松;含有长春新碱/地塞米松的<span style="color: black;">方法</span>:长春新碱/环磷酰胺/地塞米松、长春新碱/阿霉素/地塞米松;含有伊沙佐米/地塞米松的<span style="color: black;">方法</span>:伊沙佐米/地塞米松、伊沙佐米/环磷酰胺/地塞米松;硼替佐米/泼尼松<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。6组间治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>的<span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>差异。<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期(progression-free survival,PFS)定义为<span style="color: black;">起始</span>对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行治疗到肿瘤<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>的时间。随访时间<span style="color: black;">截止</span>2022年3月1日,随访时间24(9,23)个月。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">7. 统计学分析:</span></strong><span style="color: black;">采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学处理,正态分布计量资料的组间比较采用独立样本t检验,非正态分布数据以M(Q1,Q3)<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,组间比较采用非参数统计的秩和检验,计数资料以百分比(%)<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,多组间比较采用R×C列联表卡方检验,组间比较采用2×2列联表卡方检验及Fisher精确检验(理论频数<5),<span style="color: black;">存活</span>分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,<span style="color: black;">明显</span>性检验采用Log-rank法,采用Cox回归进行单<span style="color: black;">原因</span>和多<span style="color: black;">原因</span>分析。双侧P<0.05<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>差异<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">结果</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>正</span><span style="color: black;">常核型与伴LOY组MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的临床资料比较</span></span><span style="color: black;">193例初诊男性MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,正常核型178例,伴LOY 15例。两组各项临床指标比较结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,伴LOY组的R-ISS Ⅲ期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>比例<span style="color: black;">明显</span>高于正常核型组(P<0.01)。其余指标在两组间差异<span style="color: black;">没</span>统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>(P>0.05)(</span><span style="color: black;">表1</span><span style="color: black;">)。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j45VAFibYYMTK6HzxMswDgeUh9rgicvcibicibpFFVpw2Cib7esHJ8SlRTqmTiaj2Y3vk0x9D65dibzeS6KVibXE5jmHibJg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>正常核型与伴LOY组MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的细胞遗传学结果比较<span style="color: black;">178例正常核型与15例伴LOY的初诊MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,分别有162例和13例<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在初诊时完善了FISH检测,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>1q21扩增、13q14缺失、P53缺失及IGH重排,其中IGH重排<span style="color: black;">包含</span>t(4;14)、t(14;16)、t(11;14)、t(14;20)。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中未检测到t(14;20)遗传学<span style="color: black;">反常</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>未纳入表格中。结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,LOY组<span style="color: black;">出现</span>1q21扩增的比例高于正常核型组(P<0.05),其余细胞遗传学改变在2组间差异<span style="color: black;">没</span>统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>(P>0.05)(</span><span style="color: black;">表2</span><span style="color: black;">)。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j45VAFibYYMTK6HzxMswDgeUh9rgicvcibicxzj5HM0X3G1FsicHTEib8SyeAGVZEwPV6flVzSQzAwQWMgzWffTlqicTg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>正常核型与伴LOY组MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的疗效比较<span style="color: black;">178例正常核型的MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中有171例<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>治疗后的连续随访疗效信息,正常核型组在完成第4周期化疗后达到CR/sCR的比例高于伴LOY组(P<0.05),<span style="color: black;">同期</span>正常核型组化疗4周期后<span style="color: black;">出现</span>PD的比例<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">小于</span>伴LOY组(P<0.05)。在其他疗效<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,2组间差异<span style="color: black;">没</span>统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>(P>0.05)(</span><span style="color: black;">表3</span><span style="color: black;">)。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j45VAFibYYMTK6HzxMswDgeUh9rgicvcibicurtZeUVZOsuXrEwmbYiaRib12Lb4kTsgssrlu1WnZG8Q2oQe0474kEXQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>正常核型与伴LOY组MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>曲线<span style="color: black;">178例正常核型与15例伴LOY的初诊MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的PFS分别为24(18,24)个月和12(8.5,21)个月,2年<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>率分别为80.3%(143/178)和5/15。正常核型与伴LOY的MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的2年PFS差异<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>,LOY组较短(Z=‒3.201,P<0.01)(</span><span style="color: black;">图1</span><span style="color: black;">)。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j45VAFibYYMTK6HzxMswDgeUh9rgicvcibicr95uxdsZEzDy7IUYZvFJZEnylcr39fDsWqiaibjHAClMXFAeQYNgqmyA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">图1</span></strong><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">正常核型与伴LOY的多发性骨髓瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>曲线</span></span><span style="color: black;">5、</span>影响MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>PFS的单<span style="color: black;">原因</span>与多<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>分析<span style="color: black;">单<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>分析<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,初诊时<span style="color: black;">病人</span>肌酐≥93 μmol/L、β2-MG≥4.0 mg/L、sFLC<0.06、BMPC≥30%、R-ISS Ⅲ期、化疗4周期后未达CR/sCR、伴LOY及1q21扩增与<span style="color: black;">病人</span>PFS<span style="color: black;">关联</span>(P<0.01),<span style="color: black;">病人</span>P53缺失及t(4;14)与<span style="color: black;">病人</span>PFS<span style="color: black;">关联</span>(P<0.05)。即高水平肌酐、β2-MG、BMPC,高R-ISS分期,sFLC<0.06,化疗4周期后未达CR/sCR及伴1q21扩增、P53缺失、t(4;14)和LOY遗传学<span style="color: black;">反常</span>的初诊MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>PFS分别较低水平肌酐、β2-MG、BMPC,低R-ISS分期,sFLC≥0.06,化疗4周期后达CR/sCR及不伴1q21扩增、P53缺失、t(4;14)和LOY遗传学<span style="color: black;">反常</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>缩短(</span><span style="color: black;">表4</span><span style="color: black;">)。进一步多<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>分析结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,肌酐≥93 μmol/L、sFLC<0.06、化疗4周期后未达CR/sCR及伴LOY是影响初诊MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>PFS的独立危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>(P均<0.05,</span><span style="color: black;">表4</span><span style="color: black;">)。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j45VAFibYYMTK6HzxMswDgeUh9rgicvcibicoyPibwDTO0iabUEQs5fGS5TpAKiaZ1rf4WjjwC9018CLltevdrrhg4HTw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">讨论</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">LOY是男性造血细胞中最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的体细胞基因组改变之一[10],除与正常衰老<span style="color: black;">相关</span>外,越来越多的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>LOY在恶性肿瘤中高频率<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,且与<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的发展、表型和治疗反应<span style="color: black;">关联</span>[11],<span style="color: black;">包含</span>多种血液系统恶性肿瘤。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">先前的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>,LOY是MDS中最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的细胞遗传学<span style="color: black;">反常</span>之一,男性的发病率高达30%[8,12]。<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,与不伴LOY的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>相比,伴LOY的MDS<span style="color: black;">病人</span>环形铁粒幼红细胞的比例更高,而骨髓粒红比值、未成熟细胞比例和血白细胞计数则更低[7]。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,伴LOY的MDS<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期和<span style="color: black;">没</span>白血病<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期更长;相反,在AML、慢性髓系白血病和慢性淋巴细胞白血病中,LOY<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的预后则较差[13]。尽管LOY在血液系统<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>中的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>已有不少,但其与MM的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性<span style="color: black;">科研</span>却很少。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">MM是一种遗传背景<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的血液系统恶性肿瘤,MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的预后存在高度异质性[14],<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">初期</span>对MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行<span style="color: black;">危害</span>分层,并随后实施个体化治疗<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">道理</span>。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>分析了伴与不伴LOY的MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的临床特征、细胞遗传学结果、疗效及预后等<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,以期找到LOY与MM的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>严重程度及预后等的相关性。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中伴LOY的MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>占所有男性MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的比例为8%,与先前的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果一致[15, 16]。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">首要</span>对正常核型与伴LOY的初诊MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的临床资料进行比较,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>伴LOY组R-ISS Ⅲ期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>比例高于正常核型组(P<0.01)。<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于预后判断的国际分期系统,R-ISS<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>很高的预后分层价值,独立<span style="color: black;">科研</span>证实R-ISS Ⅲ期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的5年PFS和总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">小于</span>低分期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,约为Ⅰ期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的一半[14,17],<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果<span style="color: black;">亦</span>间接提示了LOY的预后<span style="color: black;">评定</span>价值。除R-ISS分期外,其余临床指标总体上在2组间<span style="color: black;">没</span>差异(P>0.05)。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近年来,随着细胞遗传学和分子生物学的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>和应用,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>FISH鉴定的特定细胞遗传学<span style="color: black;">反常</span>已被国际骨髓瘤工作组(International Myeloma Working Group,IMWG)纳入新修订的国际分期系统中,用于MM预后分层[18]。最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>P53缺失、13q14缺失、1q21扩增、t(4;14)、t(14;16)和 t(11;14)[1]。其中,t(4;14)、t(14;16)和P53缺失与不良预后<span style="color: black;">相关</span>,被分为细胞遗传学高危<span style="color: black;">反常</span>,而t(11;14)则与相对较好的临床<span style="color: black;">结果</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>[19]。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中正常核型与LOY组<span style="color: black;">出现</span>细胞遗传学<span style="color: black;">反常</span>的比例分别为73.5%(119/162)和12/13,在2组间的比较中仅<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>LOY组<span style="color: black;">出现</span>1q21扩增的比例<span style="color: black;">明显</span>高于正常核型组(P<0.05)。1q21扩增在MM<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>和<span style="color: black;">发展</span>过程中发挥<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>,故常出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>晚期MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中。<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,伴1q21扩增的难治性或复发性MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期更短,1q21扩增是一个不良预后<span style="color: black;">原因</span>[20]。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>认为LOY<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度上反映不良预后<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。两组间其余细胞遗传学<span style="color: black;">反常</span>差异<span style="color: black;">没</span>统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>,但LOY组确实在与不良预后<span style="color: black;">关联</span>遗传学改变组中表现出了更高的比例,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在t(11;14)组中<span style="color: black;">小于</span>正常核型组。可能<span style="color: black;">因为</span>本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>纳入的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>例数有限,需待后续<span style="color: black;">科研</span>探究证实。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>纳入了第4周期化疗后的疗效<span style="color: black;">评定</span>,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>正常核型组在完成第4周期化疗后达到CR/sCR的比例高于伴LOY组(P<0.05),且<span style="color: black;">出现</span>PD的比例<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">小于</span>伴LOY组(P<0.05),说明LOY可能与较差的疗效及化疗<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>仅有的<span style="color: black;">触及</span>MM与LOY的文献<span style="color: black;">报告</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>LOY的预后<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性结果尚不<span style="color: black;">知道</span>[16]。为探究LOY在MM中的预后价值,进一步进行<span style="color: black;">存活</span>分析,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>正常核型与伴LOY的初诊MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>2年中位PFS分别为24个月和12个月,2年<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>率分别为80.3%和33.3%,LOY组<span style="color: black;">显著</span>降低(P<0.01),预后更差,<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>的概率更高。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>多发性骨髓瘤诊治指南,MM的预后<span style="color: black;">重点</span>由宿主<span style="color: black;">原因</span>、肿瘤特征和治疗方式及对治疗的反应等多方面<span style="color: black;">原因</span>决定[1]。既往<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>,年龄、肌酐、sFLC、BMPC、β2-MG、LDH、多种细胞遗传学<span style="color: black;">反常</span>和R-ISS等都是MM的独立预后<span style="color: black;">原因</span>[14,21],这些指标与合并症<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>、肾功能受损<span style="color: black;">状况</span>、肿瘤细胞增殖、肿瘤负荷、<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>及治疗反应等密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>以中位数为界,对各潜在预后影响指标进行了分层。单<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>分析结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,高水平肌酐、β2-MG、BMPC,高R-ISS分期,sFLC<0.06,化疗4周期后未达CR/sCR及伴LOY、1q21扩增、P53缺失和t(4;14)遗传学<span style="color: black;">反常</span>的初诊MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>PFS<span style="color: black;">明显</span>缩短,提示预后更差。进一步多<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>分析<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,高水平肌酐,sFLC<0.06,化疗4周期后未达CR/sCR及伴LOY为<span style="color: black;">评定</span>MM<span style="color: black;">病人</span>预后的独立危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>纳入的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>数量有限,且每位<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的疾病随访时间仅为2年,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>并未将总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期纳入<span style="color: black;">存活</span>分析,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>未得到更加完整准确的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果,这是本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的一大遗憾,但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>期待在之后的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中进一步完善。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">综上所述,LOY与MM<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>高<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>,且LOY是MM预后的独立危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,有可能<span style="color: black;">做为</span>新型MM预后预测指标,并<span style="color: black;">指点</span>临床<span style="color: black;">初期</span>进行<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>,实施个体化治疗。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">参考文献(略)</span></strong></p>
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