测一测你是不是气血不足?药食并用补气血
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">人以气血为本。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>形容一个人身体好,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>认为其“气色好”,反之,气血不足则是<span style="color: black;">不足</span>健康的表现。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>,气血到底是什么,气血不足时又该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">护理</span>?《生命时报》邀请中医专家为您<span style="color: black;">仔细</span><span style="color: black;">诠释</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">受访专家:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">北京中医药大学<span style="color: black;">基本</span>医学院教授 李晓君</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">天津中医药大学第二<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>医院心内科副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师 江海涛</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">气血是对双胞胎</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一个主动,一个主静,相互<span style="color: black;">协同</span>滋养全身 中医学认为,气血维持人体的正常生命活动,它们由<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>中的营养物质经过脾胃化生而得到<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>。气属阳,主动,有温煦机体的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>;血属阴,主静,有濡润周身的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“气为血之帅,血为气之母”,气血之间相互影响、相互转化。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,气旺则血充,气虚则血少。临床上治疗血虚常<span style="color: black;">协同</span>补气药;治疗血行失常以调气为上,调血次之。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>脏腑功能<span style="color: black;">不足</span>协调,气血生成的速度跟不上消耗的速度,就会形成气血不足。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">导致</span>气血不足的<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>是脾胃功能失调。胃的消化功能减弱则食量减少,脾虚则运化无力,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>水谷精微<span style="color: black;">不可</span>有效利用,使气血的<span style="color: black;">源自</span>得不到<span style="color: black;">保证</span>。其次,不良生活习惯<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>气血不足,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>经常熬夜。人在<span style="color: black;">白日</span>的所有活动都是消耗气血的过程,夜间则<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>把消耗的气血<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>回来,是个休养生息的过程。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>经常熬夜、<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>过短,气血自然入<span style="color: black;">不足</span>出。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还有的人正好相反,<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>久坐或是整天躺着,缺少必要的运动,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>人体气机运行始终<span style="color: black;">处在</span>缓滞的状态。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>常说“流水不腐”,之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>不腐是<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>有<span style="color: black;">鲜嫩</span>的物质生成。缺乏运动的人,其<span style="color: black;">身体</span><span style="color: black;">衰破</span>的气血<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>排出,虽然气血的“量”<span style="color: black;">无</span>减少,但“质”却不符合<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,不具备应有的生理功能,<span style="color: black;">一样</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>气血不足。最典型的如<span style="color: black;">有些</span>胖人面色苍白,是血不足的表现,一动就喘是气不足的表现。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不爱运动固然不是好习惯,但<span style="color: black;">疲劳</span>过度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会耗伤气息。肢体的运动靠气来推动,长年累月地劳作必然伤气,气虚就会<span style="color: black;">逐步</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>血的生成不足,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>气血两亏。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,脑力劳动过度会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>心脾两虚,继而影响气血的正常生成,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>气血不足。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中医认为<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的形成有内因和外因,前面说的都是内因,还有一种比较隐蔽的<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>本证,即外邪的<span style="color: black;">隐藏</span>。外界的风寒湿热等邪气侵犯体表以后,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>得到<span style="color: black;">即时</span>有效的治疗,邪气便进入<span style="color: black;">身体</span>并停留下来,<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的气血就会在和邪气斗争的过程中<span style="color: black;">持续</span>被消耗,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>慢性病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>大多存在气血不足的问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">自测症状辨气血</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">气血不足的临床表现非常广泛,气虚和血虚可单独<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可合并<span style="color: black;">显现</span>。气虚则人体阳气的温煦及气血推动<span style="color: black;">功效</span>不足,表现为畏寒肢冷、疲倦无力、心悸气短、<span style="color: black;">生长</span>迟缓等。血虚则器官缺乏濡养,可见面色萎黄无华、皮肤干燥、毛发枯萎、指甲干裂、视物昏花、手足麻木、失眠多梦、健忘心悸、精神恍惚等。以下是气血不足的十大<span style="color: black;">重点</span>表现。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.健忘心悸。心主血脉,又主管人的精神活动,心的气血不足则心神失养,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>常表现为心慌气短、健忘。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.视物昏花。“肝开窍于目”,眼睛干涩昏花、视物功能下降,多与肝的气血不足<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.面色萎黄。脾胃是气血生化之源,脾胃虚弱则气血不足,面色萎黄无光泽,易感到浑身倦怠乏力,少气懒言。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.皮肤粗糙。气血对人体的肌肤有重要的营养和滋润<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。气血不足则肌肤有失濡养,表现为皮肤干燥、粗糙、发暗、发黄或<span style="color: black;">无</span>光泽,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>长斑。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.头发干枯。“发为血之余”,意思是说头发的生长依赖血的滋养,而“血”的上行又赖于“气”的推动,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>气血不足时头发干枯会<span style="color: black;">无</span>光泽。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.手足麻木。肝藏血,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>滋养人体的筋膜,使之活动自如。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肝的气血不足,则手足麻木、屈伸<span style="color: black;">有害</span>,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>痉挛。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,指甲和趾甲<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是筋延伸到体表的部分,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>肝的气血不足,还会表现为爪甲脆薄、颜色浅淡、变形脆裂等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.失眠多梦。心肝气血不足,则心<span style="color: black;">不可</span>藏神、肝<span style="color: black;">不可</span>藏魂,常常表现为入睡困难,易惊易醒或多梦。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8.<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>量少。女子的<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>与气血的关系尤为密切,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>气血不足,常会<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>量减少,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>停闭。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9.<span style="color: black;">头昏</span>耳鸣。大脑的功能需依赖气血的充养,且精血、精气之间<span style="color: black;">能够</span>互生互化。若气血不足,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>上充头目,或致肾精亏虚,可见<span style="color: black;">头昏</span>耳鸣。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10.疲倦无力。“气”为人体脏腑的机能活动<span style="color: black;">供给</span>动力,气的充足<span style="color: black;">能够</span>使人保持活力;“血”为肌肉筋脉<span style="color: black;">供给</span>营养的物质。脾虚则气血生化不足,故疲倦无力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">一老一小一女,最易出问题</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>时候,人体<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了气血不足的症状,但体检并<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>器质性的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,即<span style="color: black;">一般</span>所说的亚健康状态。以下三类人最易<span style="color: black;">显现</span>气血不足。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">儿童气血不足若未<span style="color: black;">即时</span>纠正,生长<span style="color: black;">生长</span>就会迟缓<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>停滞,一旦<span style="color: black;">错失</span>此<span style="color: black;">周期</span>将很难补回来。儿童气血不足多表现为脸色发暗、发青或发白,头发<span style="color: black;">稀疏</span>、发黄,眼睛不明亮、目光散乱,手脚不温,食欲变差,运动后<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不想吃饭,精神不振,不爱说笑等,家长们<span style="color: black;">能够</span>照此多加观察。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">女性以肝血为本,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>气血不足时常常<span style="color: black;">显现</span>双目干涩,肢体肌肉麻木,<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>量少,舌体瘦薄,或舌面有裂纹,苔少,脉细而无力等症。<span style="color: black;">女性</span>气血不足会影响<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>、白带、怀孕和生产等一系列生理功能,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>早衰,更年期提前到来。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">老年人的体质<span style="color: black;">处在</span>下滑<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,气血运行趋于缓慢,代谢能力下降,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>容易形成气血不足。人体的正气<span style="color: black;">不可</span>运行周身、气血的濡养功能<span style="color: black;">不足</span>,会<span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">表现</span>在四肢末梢部位,其次还会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肩颈腰背等<span style="color: black;">显现</span>麻木、<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、活动<span style="color: black;">有害</span>等<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,严重时<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>偏瘫。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中医认为机体正气的<span style="color: black;">衰破</span>大致可分为三个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,即虚、损、劳。气血不足是<span style="color: black;">处在</span>“虚”的<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,气血津液的亏虚<span style="color: black;">能够</span>看做是流动资产的减少。此时<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不积极<span style="color: black;">调节</span>,进入下一个<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>“损”,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>五脏受损,这就相当于伤及了固定资产。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>在“损”的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上又<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了咳嗽,就叫做“劳”,那就很难再恢复健康了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">药食并用补气血</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">针对气血不足,中医有经典的补益方剂。其中,气虚多用四君子汤,方剂组<span style="color: black;">作为</span>人参或党参、白术、茯苓、甘草。血虚用四物汤,方剂组<span style="color: black;">作为</span>地黄、当归、白芍、川芎。气血双亏的<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用以上两个方剂组合而成的八珍汤。严重气血不足的还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在八珍汤<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上再加黄芪和肉桂,就组<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>十全大补汤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>采取食疗的办法,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>气虚者<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>黄芪、白扁豆、大枣、山药、百合、莲子、薏米等煮粥;血虚者<span style="color: black;">能够</span>常食当归生姜羊肉汤,做法是以羊肉一斤,当归及生姜各三两煮汤。 <span style="color: black;">保持</span>艾灸或点按关元(<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>脐下四横指处)、气海(<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>脐下两横指处)、足三里(<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>外膝眼直向下四横指处)、三阴交(<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>足内踝尖直向上四横指处)等穴位,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>调补气血不足<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有非常积极的作用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>一个<span style="color: black;">调理</span>气血必不可少的环节是运动。平时可练习瑜伽、太极拳、八段锦、站桩等舒缓运动,尤其适合脑力劳动者以及不爱运动的人。(生命时报记者 赵瑞) </p>
你的话语如春风拂面,让我感到无比温暖。
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