补气健脾养生汤——四君子汤
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">作者：中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院 伦俊杰</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">审核：中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院 陈楚雄</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">四君子汤是著名的古方剂，出自宋代《太平惠民和剂局方》，由人参（后人多以党参代替）、白术、茯苓和（炙）甘草四味中药<span style="color: black;">构成</span>。<span style="color: black;">为何</span>叫四君子呢，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>四味中药都是甘温和缓之品，不热不燥，适度施力，补性平和犹如君子。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/c84b3233ed2040cf94410c9fbc1f2658~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728620003&x-signature=AfoOnQIIRtiVBDh3r6s7evneiq4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中医认为，脾胃为后天之本，气血生化之源。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>脾胃虚弱，受纳与健运乏力，则<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>减少；湿浊内生，则大便溏薄；脾主肌肉，脾胃虚弱，则四肢无力；气血生化不足，血不足则不容于面，则面色萎白，气短懒言。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/4616c9108049404db3d633c11194332b~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728620003&x-signature=2HVokZ29LmOqG8TuocUL1L%2FF%2Fng%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">方中人参甘温，大补元气，健脾养胃为君药；白术苦温，健脾祛湿以助运化为臣药，白术与人参同用，健脾益气之力更佳；茯苓甘淡，渗湿健脾，为佐药，茯苓配伍白术，健脾助运之功尤彰；甘草甘温，既加强益气补中之功，又能调和方中诸药，为使药。四药合力，益气健脾，资生气血，主治脾虚胃弱，言语<span style="color: black;">卑微</span>，四肢无力，舌淡脉弱，食欲锐减，满腹肠鸣，或伴有寒证者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">现代<span style="color: black;">科研</span>四君子汤有调节胃肠运动，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>胃蛋白酶的活性，改善消化吸收功能，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>免疫力。临床常用来治疗消化性溃疡，慢性胃炎，消化不良，呕吐，四肢无力症等证属脾胃气虚者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">虽然说</span>四君子汤补性平和，男女老少都适用，但因四君子汤药性偏温补，气血旺盛，血压高的人不宜<span style="color: black;">运用</span>，易便秘上火的人应慎用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">四君子汤组方严谨实用有效，为补气的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>方，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是补气的祖方，后世<span style="color: black;">许多</span>补气健脾的方剂，大多由此衍生而来。以下逸仙药师介绍<strong style="color: blue;">十种四君子汤的加减衍生方</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1、易功散</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">别名叫五味易功散，本方在四君子汤的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上加陈皮，意在行气化滞，醒脾助运，有补而不滞的优点，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>治疗脾胃虚弱的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>兼治胸闷的气滞。尤其适用于小儿消化不良属脾虚气滞者，或稍服补药即感腹胀食少而"虚不受补"的人。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2、六君子汤</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本方在四君子汤的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上加陈皮和半夏，其中<span style="color: black;">陈皮理气健脾，燥湿化痰；半夏燥湿化痰，降逆止呕，消痞散结。此方补气健脾，燥湿化痰，主治脾胃气虚兼有痰湿内阻的病证，见<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>减少，四肢无力，胸脘胀满，大便溏薄，或咳嗽痰多，或兼有暧气、呕吐等。</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/fe3058360f9046ffacc493d4d96db2c5~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728620003&x-signature=2tDwz3opNEoVztKkAwDXVZpfDo8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3、香砂六君子汤</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此方在四君子汤的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上加陈皮，半夏、木香和砂仁，其中木香芳香醒脾，理气止痛；砂仁健脾和胃，理气散寒，为醒脾调胃之要药，尤以寒湿气滞者为宜。<span style="color: black;">此方</span>益气补中，化痰降逆，主治脾胃气虚，痰饮内生，呕吐痞闷，不思<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>，消瘦倦怠，或气虚肿满。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">4、归芍六君子汤</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此方在四君子汤的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上加陈皮，半夏，当归和白芍，兼有柔肝养血之功，用于肝脾不和，脘胀腹痛，食少体倦，呕吐。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">5、八珍汤</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此方为四君子汤加四物汤（白芍，当归，熟地黄，川芎），<span style="color: black;">构成</span>气血双补的八珍汤。其中熟地滋阴补血，当归、白芍养血和营，助熟地滋养心肝，川芎活血行气，使地、归、芍补而不滞。此方主治气血两虚证，见面色苍白或萎黄，<span style="color: black;">头昏</span>耳眩，四肢倦怠，气短懒言，心悸怔忡，<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>减少，妇人<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>失调，舌淡脉弱。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/7d664eb8caf4481d8a865d2988c02df3~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728620003&x-signature=v8Nb7Ku0Yj8LZbuIRr0r3SscVF8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">6、十全大补汤</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">四君子汤加四物汤加黄芪、肉桂<span style="color: black;">构成</span>大名鼎鼎的十全大补汤，十全大补汤中的黄芪、肉桂，重于补脾益肺，其中肉桂有<span style="color: black;">加强</span>心阳、旺盛命火之功，从而使气血阴阳并补。此方用于气血两虚，面色苍白，气短心悸，<span style="color: black;">头昏</span>自汗，体倦乏力，四肢不温，<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>量多。<span style="color: black;">重视</span>有湿、热及火者慎用。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/d13add8525d642d3ac464c70c7311c52~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728620003&x-signature=pVOstVWUqwilJjpCR4HeP5Mu3XY%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">7、参苓白术汤</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此方在四君子汤组方<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上加上山药、白豆、莲子、苡仁、砂仁、桔梗，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，除了健脾益气外，还有利水消肿<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，并侧重于和胃养胃。用于治疗脾虚湿盛证、体倦乏力、食少便溏。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">8、归脾汤</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此方在四君子汤组方<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上加上黄芪、当归、远志、酸枣仁、龙眼肉、木香和大枣，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，归脾丸除了益气健脾，还有补养气血、镇静安神的功效，用于心脾两虚，气短心悸，失眠多梦，头昏<span style="color: black;">头昏</span>，肢倦乏力，食欲不振。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/69962a3461a045d48f102decea3fea1a~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728620003&x-signature=rL3sCTp8%2FdPjTf7p9fSvjXz4Koo%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">9、启脾汤</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此方在四君子汤组方<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上加上陈皮、山楂、麦芽、山药、莲子、六神曲和泽泻。方中有和中的中药，用于胃肠虚弱、消化不良。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">十、</span>七味白术散</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此方由四君子汤加入木香、藿香、葛根而成，功效为健脾生津，行气消胀，用于治疗脾胃久虚，津液内耗，呕吐泄泻频作，烦渴多饮。方中藿香、葛根兼可解表，故对脾虚久泻兼外感者<span style="color: black;">也</span>宜。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">补气健脾药膳</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1、四君子汤</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">材料：四味中药各10克，生姜3片，大枣2个。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">做法：四药先浸泡30分钟，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>大火煮开后转小火煮30分钟。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">用量：1~2次。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2、四君子排骨汤</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">四药各10克，排骨500g，大枣2个，姜、葱、酒、盐适量煲汤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3、四君子粥</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">四药各10克与米煮粥。</p>
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