「我一年读500本书,你呢?」
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yWXmuSFeCk01P4c03lzicTicl3PfZ4gD8jeosQNrhqlFUNtOSPq99nQgmnP6vM8Wlx37OGfPicybmNs0M6ibg4LVGw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">这</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">是 2018 年第 18 篇原创<span style="color: black;">文案</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">本文共有:5058 字</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">你一年读多少本书?</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span>对这句话肯定不会陌生。你身边标榜阅读量的同事、<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>,<span style="color: black;">各样</span>读书<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的公众号,总会把这句话挂在嘴上,后面再加上一个令你望尘莫及的数字。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>,官方统计口径<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">这般</span>说:</span><span style="color: black;">据<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>出版<span style="color: black;">科研</span>院调查,2015 年<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>人均阅读量为 7.84 本,含纸质书和电子书。</span><span style="color: black;">云云。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">包含</span>前阵子在训练营,跟<span style="color: black;">大众</span>聊到读书的<span style="color: black;">专题</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有几位学员<span style="color: black;">暗里</span>问我:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">L先生,您<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>得这么多,想问您一年会读多少本书呀?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我<span style="color: black;">始终</span>不太理解这种问法。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当你问「一年读多少本书」时,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>才算是「读」一本书?什么样的「书」才计入其中呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">读一两页算吗?读一半算吗?还是<span style="color: black;">必定</span>得把一本书从头到尾读完?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">小说算吗?杂文算吗?还是只能计算知识型书籍?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">就算只统计「把一整本知识型书籍完整读完」,那<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很麻烦。拿上一篇书单<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,波普诺的《社会学》和约翰·梅迪纳的《让大脑自由》,前者的信息量可能是后者的 100 倍。后者我一两天能翻完,前者我可能得看上半年。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你读的都是这类通识书籍 —— 《社会学》《心理学与生活》《营销管理》《认知神经科学》,那一年下来,能「完整读完」7.84 本,都<span style="color: black;">已然</span>非常了不起了。这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着你入门了 7.84 个<span style="color: black;">行业</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而换成小说呢?一年 300 本都不在话下。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,这种说法有什么<span style="color: black;">道理</span>呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yWXmuSFeCk17IVGzCR5kha9El3FjkFq2uoRVAw1eAXtvqC3YJCMINAocOGEdvzWrRjH12AHQPT0ia39U5bJNhkg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个问题,<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上我在「<a style="color: black;">读书最大的误区是什么?</a>」中就讲到过,但当时只是匆匆一提,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">地区</span>没说清楚。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今天想好好聊聊这个问题。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>仅仅抱着「读完一本书」的<span style="color: black;">心理</span>去阅读,会有什么后果呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">你会很容易</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">把「持有」当做「<span style="color: black;">持有</span>」,把阅读本身,当成学习的效果。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我经常能看到<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的对话:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">上个月买的《哈佛谈判课》,我才读了一半,感觉读不下去了,要放弃吗?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">《普通心理学》实在太难了,我看了半个月,才读了几十页,什么时候<span style="color: black;">才可</span>读完呀。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">……</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这般</span>思考的人,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>忽略了一个问题:<span style="color: black;">为何</span>要把「一本书」当成一个单位呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一本书<span style="color: black;">无</span>读完,你就什么都<span style="color: black;">无</span>得到吗?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一本书读完了,你就真的「学懂」了吗?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">并不是。一本书之<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>一本书,所呈现出来的是作者的<span style="color: black;">规律</span>框架。<span style="color: black;">那些</span>内容放进去,<span style="color: black;">那些</span>内容不放,<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>作者所决定的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">全盘接受作者的<span style="color: black;">规律</span>框架,你就只是在复制别人的大脑<span style="color: black;">罢了</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我经常会碰到<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>的人。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>会有意无意地谈到「我一年要读80/100/120/150本书」,言谈中有一点点自矜,期待着你的惊讶,仿佛这是一件很值得赞叹的事情。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有时候,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>还会热衷于做「思维导图」,做「干货笔记」,进行浓缩 —— 当你问「这本书都讲了什么」时,他会非常快地拿出笔记和导图。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">很棒。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但我想问一下:你自己的看法呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">你读了这么多的书,那我给你一个主题,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>「学习」—— 不,请不要引用,不要给我看思维导图,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不要告诉我「这本书讲了什么」,请告诉我,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>「学习」这个<span style="color: black;">专题</span>,你的看法是什么?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不妨想一想,你能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>回答出这个问题?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">实质</span>上,这<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人的症结:<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>过于<span style="color: black;">注重</span>「读很多本书」,过于追求「<span style="color: black;">把握</span>每一本书」,但却很少有人真的去思考:我的看法是什么?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">之<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,很大程度上,是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">下<span style="color: black;">认识</span>地把「读完一本书」当做一个「题目」,而把「做完一本书的笔记」看作这个题目的「答案」。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">想一想,你阅读的过程,是在做题、寻求答案,把它当成任务,还是真的出于自己的问题导向?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这两者有什么区别呢?解题,是别人给你出一道题,让你去解出答案。而问题导向,是我<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>自己需要什么,从而<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">途径</span>、方式,去寻求这个问题的思路。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">以「学习」<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,仅仅读《学习之道》《刻意练习》足够吗?远远<span style="color: black;">不足</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>我想形成自己的看法,我可能需要去<span style="color: black;">科研</span>心理学,神经科学,教育学,自我管理,我需要去<span style="color: black;">认识</span>原理、案例、工具,把它们汇总起来。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我可能会去找 30 本书,每本书摘 10% 的内容,把它们组合在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>,重新打散、重组,形成一个体系 —— 这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>「我的看法」。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">请问在这个过程中,我读了几本书呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不要<span style="color: black;">作为</span>复读机。否则,读了再多,你<span style="color: black;">亦</span>只是在重复别人的二手信息<span style="color: black;">罢了</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yWXmuSFeCk17IVGzCR5kha9El3FjkFq2uoRVAw1eAXtvqC3YJCMINAocOGEdvzWrRjH12AHQPT0ia39U5bJNhkg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>就会引出两个问题。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1)我<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>我的「看法」是合理的?</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2)这种方式<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>适合大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人?</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>个问题非常必要。<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上,确实存在许多<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的人:对万事万物都有自己的观点和看法,但这些看法常常经不起推敲。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但回答<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很简单:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">不轻易下任何一个断言,永远都要去思考,它<span style="color: black;">背面</span>的支撑是什么。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">举个例子,我常常强调一个观点:输出是最好的内化。<span style="color: black;">为何</span>呢?这是有实实在在的支撑的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在心理学中,彻底记住一个信息,需要<span style="color: black;">持续</span>复述去强化它。而复述又分为两种,机械复述和精细复述。前者是单纯的背诵,效果有限。后者是结合自己已有的知识,对这个信息进行联结和重构,让它跟自己的知识网络<span style="color: black;">创立</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的「钩子」,从而记得更牢。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而输出,无论是口头、还是文字,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一种典型的「精细复述」。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而前面讲的「把读书当做解题」,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的,<span style="color: black;">源自</span>自「契可尼效应」。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>总会下<span style="color: black;">认识</span>地觉得,拿到一本书,它<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个任务,我得把它「读完」,否则,这个任务就<span style="color: black;">无</span>做完,就总觉得很难受。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">像<span style="color: black;">这般</span>,反向去倒推自己的每一个「看法」,寻找<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有坚实的支撑。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>自圆其说,就去读书、搜索信息,寻找支撑。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>找到的资料跟看法矛盾,就去寻求「正反合」—— 这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">持续</span>迭代和升级认知的过程。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个过程,我<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">「主动学习」</strong></span><span style="color: black;">,区别于以「读完一本书」「复述一本书」「做完一本书的导图」这种模式的「被动学习」。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>,是不是主动学习<span style="color: black;">必定</span>优于被动学习?后者的效果是不是<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">欠好</span>?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这其实<span style="color: black;">便是</span>第二个问题:这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>适合大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人经常问我:你说的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>都很厉害,但真的适合(阅读量并不高的)普通人吗?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">说白了,这套<span style="color: black;">办法</span>确实不适合所有人。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>不适合什么人呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">懒人。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">哪些</span>不愿意主动思考,不愿意「获取知识」,而只是被动地等着别人把知识打包、整理、归置好,送上门,做成可供入口的甜点,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的人。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">你愿意<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>的人吗?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yWXmuSFeCk17IVGzCR5kha9El3FjkFq2uoRVAw1eAXtvqC3YJCMINAocOGEdvzWrRjH12AHQPT0ia39U5bJNhkg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>这么说呢,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>展开来讲。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">主动学习和被动学习,差异在哪?其实很简单,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>两点:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">主动</strong></span><span style="color: black;">,以及</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">思考。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当你不满足于<span style="color: black;">根据</span>作者给你的脉络,从头到尾一字不落读完,而是<span style="color: black;">起始</span>泛读、跳读、<span style="color: black;">选取</span>性地读,以及寻找延伸材料来拓展阅读时,你<span style="color: black;">便是</span>在「主动」。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当你不满足急于把一本书「读完」「作出导图」,而<span style="color: black;">起始</span>一边阅读,一边让思维同步运转,<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>联系、<span style="color: black;">规律</span>、应用,记录灵感,你<span style="color: black;">便是</span>在「思考」。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">满足这两点,你<span style="color: black;">便是</span>在主动学习。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这很难吗?对阅读量的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,很高吗?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我举个最简单的例子:读张枣的名作《镜中》时,读到这句话:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">望着窗外,只<span style="color: black;">想要</span>起<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span>中<span style="color: black;">懊悔</span>的事</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">梅花便落满了南山</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">极受触动。于是我会想:张枣是谁?这两句<span style="color: black;">背面</span>有什么隐喻?他是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>这个灵感的?他还有什么别的作品?他有什么故事?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">而后</span>,我会搜索他的资料,看一看别人对这两句诗的评析、理解,读一读他其他的作品,尝试从更高的层次去进行审美。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>主动学习。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这很难吗?一点<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不。这<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">其中</span>许多人,<span style="color: black;">每日</span>都在做的事情。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">文学就<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>「思考」吗?觉得一个句子很赞,就只能懵懵懂懂地看一下,记住它,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>翻过去吗?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其他的书<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">讲个有趣的点:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">国内出版的畅销书,<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">是由于</span>一堆<span style="color: black;">文案</span>结集而成,每篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>讲一个知识点,一个观点。读完一本书,你会觉得琳琅满目,看到了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>观点。这是国内的模式。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而欧美的畅销书呢,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是<span style="color: black;">这般</span>:整本书<span style="color: black;">便是</span>为了提出一个观点,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>作者会从背景、理论、实验、案例等等入手,用<span style="color: black;">各样</span>故事和论述给你讲清楚。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,习惯了国内阅读模式的人,去读欧美的书,经常会有这种感觉:这一整本书就讲了这点东西?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我在豆瓣上经常看到<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的<span style="color: black;">评估</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">「说<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>去无非<span style="color: black;">便是</span>……」</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">「这本书其实一句话就能概括……」</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">「都是<span style="color: black;">有些</span>大道理,没什么新意……」</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">每次看到<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的评论,我都替这些买椟还珠的人感到同情。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这般</span>的<span style="color: black;">心理</span>,就算一年能读 500 本书,又怎么样呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">说说我的做法。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>作者提出了一个模型,即使都是<span style="color: black;">有些</span>大道理,我<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会觉得「这些我都<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>,有什么新意?」而是会去思考:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">作者<span style="color: black;">为何</span>要用这个模型?他的<span style="color: black;">归类</span>思路是什么?</span><span style="color: black;">他看待事物的视角是什么?这个模型<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>吗?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">作者写了一堆案例,我不会看完就过,而是会去确认这些案例的真实性,去思考:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">它们能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>用在<span style="color: black;">文案</span>里、用在课程中?</span><span style="color: black;">除了作者的解释,还有<span style="color: black;">无</span>别的<span style="color: black;">诠释</span>?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>,读<span style="color: black;">有些</span>日<span style="color: black;">自己</span>写的书时 —— 日本的书有个特点,<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>用<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的篇幅,去解释<span style="color: black;">有些</span>看似微不足道的细节 —— 我<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会从中找到不少乐趣。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,这个<span style="color: black;">办法</span>看似司空见惯,但作者特地写出来,<span style="color: black;">背面</span>会否有什么想法?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这般</span>一想,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>能有新的收获。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">—— 尽管这些收获,未必是作者的本意,有时候<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>南辕北辙,但这比「读完一本书」重要得多得多。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">简而言之,概括<span style="color: black;">便是</span>:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">以一种活跃的<span style="color: black;">心理</span>,跟作者做思维博弈。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在这个过程中,我所思考的东西,我所得到的灵感、联结和想法,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>读书中最宝贵的收获。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yWXmuSFeCk17IVGzCR5kha9El3FjkFq2uoRVAw1eAXtvqC3YJCMINAocOGEdvzWrRjH12AHQPT0ia39U5bJNhkg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>,有什么<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>「主动学习」的习惯呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1. 用自己的话复述</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">最<span style="color: black;">基本</span>的一点,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>不要死记硬背书里的文字,而是试着在理解的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,把它用自己的话讲出来。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">最有效的学习<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是什么?<span style="color: black;">便是</span>学习时,假装身边有个人,在心里把内容讲给他听,教给他。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一种输出,<span style="color: black;">也</span>即精细加工。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>,它<span style="color: black;">能够</span>培养你动脑的习惯。你会不会经常感到,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>书,读过一遍就忘了,连写了什么都记不住?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>时候,<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>动脑。仅仅只是「读懂」—— <span style="color: black;">乃至</span>有时是自以为读懂 —— 而<span style="color: black;">无</span>真正「内化」。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">处理</span>这个问题,最好的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>用自己的话复述,来刺激<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的大脑,在<span style="color: black;">全部</span>阅读的过程中,<span style="color: black;">持续</span>地活跃。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不要把读书<span style="color: black;">做为</span>偷懒的借口。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2. 时刻发散联想</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我读书<span style="color: black;">常常</span>不会挑一个特定的时间,而是在状态好的时候,随意打开一本书,翻上几页。一边翻,一边让思维随意地流动,<span style="color: black;">持续</span>从各个<span style="color: black;">方向</span>审视所读到的内容:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个观点<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>意思,它的支撑是什么?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个案例<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>意思,我能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>用起来?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这种写法<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>意思,我能从中想到什么?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">……</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">而后</span>,把这一切想法,都记录下来。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">实质</span>上,<span style="color: black;">全部</span>训练营中,有不少案例、题目和技巧,并不是有意<span style="color: black;">累积</span>的,而是在过往的阅读和学习中想到的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这是一种更有效的阅读和学习<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3. 用主题去统摄内容</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">比纵向阅读更重要的,是横向阅读。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不妨试试<span style="color: black;">这般</span>做:找一个感兴趣的主题,去获取一切<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的资料 —— 在线课程,书籍,网页,专家<span style="color: black;">指点</span>……<span style="color: black;">经过</span>这种方式,把<span style="color: black;">各样</span>零碎的信息重新整合起来,<span style="color: black;">作为</span>自己的观点和体系。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>,用这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>去代替「读书」。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">你会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,读书本身并<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">那样</span>神圣、<span style="color: black;">那样</span>正襟危坐,它只是你去主动学习、拓展知识体系的一种<span style="color: black;">途径</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">你可能会问,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>不会很花时间吗?<span style="color: black;">并不</span>会。<span style="color: black;">为何</span>?<span style="color: black;">由于</span>我只是把别人浪费在「读完一本书」上的时间,充分利用起来<span style="color: black;">罢了</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">要<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>:<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>主题统摄,<span style="color: black;">无</span>为我所用,即使你在读书,那<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不外</span>是在获取碎片信息罢了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4. 丰富知识网络</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过以上3个<span style="color: black;">过程</span>,<span style="color: black;">定时</span>地对自己<span style="color: black;">把握</span>到的知识进行审视,问自己:这些知识,能<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>纳入我已有的知识体系里面?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">试着把它们画出来,重建结构。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">你会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,你的大脑会<span style="color: black;">持续</span>升级换代,你的视角会常用常新。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">你不会再去关注「我读了多少本书」,</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>,你<span style="color: black;">已然</span>完全超脱了这个层次。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">延伸阅读:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">创立</span>知识体系,这份指南就够了</span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">读书最大的误区是什么?</span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>把学到的知识真正用起来?</span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">THE END</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">- 晚 安 -</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yWXmuSFeCk038OcCrvJTE7xNHdicyKrn5WArjANzlY67IUVRr51YRm2ofuPn4gic6WEAZwZSzS1Up8Pz14djNedw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
页:
[1]