自发光屏幕的“新皇之争”—OLED与Micro/Mini LED分析
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在上期《硬件编年史—<span style="color: black;">表示</span>器<span style="color: black;">平常</span>背光种类盘点，蓝光最强的它竟然应用最广？》中，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>浅析了LCD（非自发光特性）屏幕的<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>种类以及各个变种<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的优劣之处。而如今在个人消费市场中，随着高端智能手机的普及，OLED屏幕正在广泛地出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>人们的视野里，这种以高亮度、高对比度以及浓郁色彩<span style="color: black;">表示</span>效果著<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>的屏幕越发<span style="color: black;">作为</span>人们心中“好屏幕”的代名词。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>什么是OLED？这种屏幕的优缺点是什么？它是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>屏幕的<span style="color: black;">最后</span>材料形态吗？下面就来<span style="color: black;">一块</span><span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>吧。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwPn74GFyswS~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=Kv2ZDMxh9HBBPk7gBHNC%2B7%2BYefo%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">来自LGDisplay官网对OLED的介绍</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">OLED对比传统LCD屏幕的优劣</strong></p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwPnrFAOJMVT~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=s8N04B5uXUMoVZNVIMKVhk7ymko%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">来自LGDisplay官网</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">做“薄”，做“弯”。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>OLED不需要大面积的背光层以及液晶层，故其在厚度上就较LCD有着天然<span style="color: black;">优良</span>，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做到极薄的形态，这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是符合当下智能手机、智能穿戴设备、超级电视、<span style="color: black;">表示</span>器的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>OLED不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>需要“玻璃基板”<span style="color: black;">做为</span>底层、上层材料，故其<span style="color: black;">能够</span>变得弯折，近年来的折叠手机<span style="color: black;">便是</span>用的这项技术，用软性PI塑料<span style="color: black;">做为</span>基板来实现大<span style="color: black;">方向</span>地弯折。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwPoWF6F4pWo~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=yIEi5fgICD5QSk8vSrkGNrGiQe0%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">OPPOFindN，<span style="color: black;">照片</span>来自太平洋电脑网</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“黑”得纯粹，相比于LCD<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的背光技术，在<span style="color: black;">表示</span>黑色时只能尽力遮盖相比，OLED<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>黑色，即直接切断电压传输<span style="color: black;">就可</span>，让光子<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>产生<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">无</span>了一丝丝的光亮，让黑色更加纯粹。<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>黑得纯粹，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>让其对比度与LCD屏幕有了质的差距，OLED桌面<span style="color: black;">表示</span>器的对比度动辄10万比1，而LCD屏幕的桌面<span style="color: black;">表示</span>器<span style="color: black;">常常</span>平均<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>1000比1。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwPpK6sPuVgp~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=rwrJ43NMyYvEOEHqXOLp3mXQ2LE%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">来自LGDisplay官网</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“色得妖艳”，OLED的有机材料在发光时<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>发出很纯正的三原色光线来组合成<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的颜色，而LCD屏幕受制于背光技术和被动色彩<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，在色域方面是不如OLED来得<span style="color: black;">那样</span>丰富的。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwPpwEAY0sqw~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=hia8IVroqUUHlVcybfL3dnH%2BTVA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">来自LGDisplay官网</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“亮得均匀”，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>LCD的<span style="color: black;">表示</span>时需要背光<span style="color: black;">做为</span>支撑的，而背光<span style="color: black;">都数</span>又是采用“侧入式”，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>在照射均匀性上比较<span style="color: black;">通常</span>。OLED在这方面要表现好得多，<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>像素都能自己发光，在亮度均匀性上就很容易做到统一可控，让屏幕看起来更加的完整统一。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwQW8Gseup0C~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=zZxkC%2Bm41JxSrslFWw9sQdOBdS8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">来自LGDisplay官网</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“动作快”，区别与LCD屏幕的<span style="color: black;">表示</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>的液晶分子偏转需要时间，故在灰阶时间（响应时间）上，OLED这种用电压来<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>像素点的方式要快上<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>倍，理论上OLED屏幕是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做到0.1ms级别的响应延迟，而LCD屏幕最快的电竞快速IPS屏幕的响应时间都要在5ms<span style="color: black;">上下</span>。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwQWr4Yssbpg~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=Zxgc8DP8zvcWrcnqMtoNHEEXErU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">来自LGDisplay官网</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>难道说OLED<span style="color: black;">便是</span>无敌的吗？OLED一点缺点<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>吗？当然不是。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“烧屏”<span style="color: black;">因为</span>OLED的发色原理来自于有机物，就不得不<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>有机物损耗、寿命短的问题，<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">一样</span>面积<span style="color: black;">体积</span>的红绿蓝三色子像素的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>寿命并不相同，这就<span style="color: black;">引起</span>了一旦其中一种颜色（蓝色寿命最短）<span style="color: black;">出现</span>加速损耗，就会使得正常的<span style="color: black;">表示</span>内容<span style="color: black;">出现</span>严重色偏，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>由损耗区域<span style="color: black;">构成</span>某种图形，这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>烧屏，<span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>OLED手机、电视在<span style="color: black;">长期</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>后会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>发黄现象的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwQXN1eI2qP1~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=NQ7Xy%2FQmjQEeOAH0piWL4VqummU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span>来自于网络，底部的状态栏在纯白背景下依然可见，为OLED烧屏现象。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">一样</span>分辨率下精细度低”，为<span style="color: black;">认识</span>决<span style="color: black;">以上</span>的烧屏问题，OLED厂家<span style="color: black;">通常</span>都会采用<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">调节</span>红绿蓝三个子像素的<span style="color: black;">体积</span>和位置以及数量来<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>其寿命差不多相等。<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>OLED市场上会<span style="color: black;">运用</span>Pentile<span style="color: black;">摆列</span>，而Pentile<span style="color: black;">摆列</span>与标准RGB<span style="color: black;">摆列</span>相比减少了三分之一的像素点，精细程度是<span style="color: black;">一样</span>分辨率LCD屏幕的2/3。虽然随着时代的发展，让OLED的子像素<span style="color: black;">摆列</span>有了新的变化，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>说三星的钻石<span style="color: black;">摆列</span>，华星光电的珍珠<span style="color: black;">摆列</span>，<span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">摆列</span>都让OLED像素的密度和有所<span style="color: black;">提升</span>，但最高<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不外</span>83%<span style="color: black;">上下</span>，与标准的RGB垂直<span style="color: black;">摆列</span>还是有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>差距的。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwQXy2GBnE8A~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=pJCiNcCowD11%2Fv%2FwYmdxe3kOCik%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span>来自于网络，左边为RGB标准<span style="color: black;">摆列</span>，右边则为Pentile<span style="color: black;">摆列</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“高频闪”这几年PMW调光<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>手机圈的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>被<span style="color: black;">大众</span>所熟知，尤其是去年发布的新iPhone，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>其搭载了高频次的PMW调光技术而被许多用户吐槽说看久了眼睛受不了。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>PMW调光是什么呢？PMW调光是一种脉冲调光技术，原理比较繁琐，简单拿开灯来比喻，正常的调节台灯亮度为转动旋钮来<span style="color: black;">调节</span>电压、电阻的<span style="color: black;">体积</span>来实现（DC调光）；而PMW调光则是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>在极短的时间内开关灯，利用人眼<span style="color: black;">针对</span>光的暂留现象来<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>亮度。这一点是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>OLED屏幕在低亮度下屏幕<span style="color: black;">表示</span>不均匀所迫不得已采用的。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwQYXCoafC2Y~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=FwdUYKtppdIDS3CN%2F0St54PUEYo%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">OLED发光原理</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">OLED（英文名：OrganicLight-EmittingDiode、中文直译：有机发光二极管）是一种有机材料发光技术，最早于1950年代由法国人研制，其后由美国柯达及英国剑桥大学加以演进，日本SONY及韩国三星和LG等<span style="color: black;">机构</span>于21世纪<span style="color: black;">起始</span>量产。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwR4623U7KCw~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=BvhKroZPXeoLYxn6mH9lq6bS5mg%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">来自LGDisplay官网</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">OLED最典型的结构<span style="color: black;">便是</span>“类三明治”型，由一薄而透明具半导体特性之铟锡氧化物（ITO），与电力之正极相连，再加上另一个金属阴极<span style="color: black;">构成</span>，来构建成电洞传输层（HTL）、发光层（EL）与电子传输层（ETL）三个结构。当给到<span style="color: black;">必定</span>电压的时候，阳极与阴极的电子就会在发光层中相遇、结合，产生光子。发光层中带有特殊的有机材料（OLED中的O），来与光子<span style="color: black;">一块</span>变成红绿蓝三原色。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">OLED基本结构：1.阴极(−)；2.发光层（EmissiveLayer,EL）；3.阳极空穴与阴极电子在发光层中结合，产生光子；4.导电层（ConductiveLayer）；5.阳极(+)</strong><strong style="color: blue;">，</strong><strong style="color: blue;">来自维基百科。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">用一个通俗易懂的比喻<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，OLED的原理就<span style="color: black;">好似</span>给有机材料做“电刑”，阴极阳极一通电，有机材料就被“电得发光”。<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>像素中的红绿蓝三原色点都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>被单独的电压所<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>来发光，不需要大面积的背光<span style="color: black;">做为</span>屏幕的“亮源”，故这种技术<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为自发光技术。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwR5qFVH7RjC~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=Diebc6q%2FypkOsDJEH5CucN999Jk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从OLED的发光原理上，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就能看出，其相<span style="color: black;">针对</span>LCD技术<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，在原理层面就要简单<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，OLED相比于传统的LCD屏幕<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>还有着许多的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>。虽然有着些许缺点，但依然瑕不掩瑜。<span style="color: black;">一起</span>好屏幕的最重要的定义应该<span style="color: black;">便是</span>能够尽可能地还原出世界真实的色彩，而这一点上OLED肯定是能做得好的。但OLED<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">最后</span>的答案吗？各位<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>以下两种技术。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwR6T8dmj18Q~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=LiitbWbSudmzDn7%2B7RH2MmqEWNQ%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">来自LGDisplay官网</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">MiniLED和MicroLED</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其中MiniLED技术<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在上一期就<span style="color: black;">已然</span>讲过，其原理<span style="color: black;">便是</span>将<span style="color: black;">本来</span>LED背光板改为由成数千个单独的LED灯珠<span style="color: black;">构成</span>，其中多个LED灯珠<span style="color: black;">构成</span>LED背光矩阵，<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>背光矩阵都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>化成单独的控光区域。以一个市面上顶级的MiniLED电竞屏幕为例，其<span style="color: black;">持有</span>4096个LED灯珠，每两个就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">构成</span>一个控光区域，即<span style="color: black;">持有</span>2048个单独的控光区域。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T0djTKME7B67WX~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=TQnm%2BWJ7I%2Fg10s7d%2FVfrGlnGsnw%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这般</span>做的好处<span style="color: black;">便是</span>让MiniLED<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">持有</span>像OLED<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的超高对比度以及更精细化、可调的局部亮度，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>在<span style="color: black;">表示</span>黑色区域的时候，该区域内的灯珠是<span style="color: black;">处在</span>熄灭状态，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>理论上其对比度与OLED<span style="color: black;">表示</span>器是相等的，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>又<span style="color: black;">无</span>OLED<span style="color: black;">表示</span>器<span style="color: black;">长期</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>会烧屏的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。MiniLED还有一个<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>就在于，其独立的区域灯珠<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在<span style="color: black;">短期</span>内激发出<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的亮度，在<span style="color: black;">有些</span>优秀的MiniLED可实现局域2000尼特的最高亮度，<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的MiniLED<span style="color: black;">亦</span>基本都能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>HDR1000的认证，这就让MiniLED对HDR内容非常友好，在HDR内容<span style="color: black;">表示</span>上<span style="color: black;">优秀</span>的MiniLED<span style="color: black;">能够</span>与OLED所媲美。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T0djTKyEpxVA79~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=9iBeQNkJ02aKRtKXUyppIXq2Ol8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但<span style="color: black;">日前</span>MiniLED还只是一个<span style="color: black;">刚才</span>完善的屏幕种类，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>摆脱不了LCD屏幕天生的可视<span style="color: black;">方向</span>差和色域窄的问题，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>想要<span style="color: black;">处理</span>色域窄的问题，就要在MiniLED显示器中再<span style="color: black;">增多</span>一层量子点膜（QLED技术），来拉高色域，但<span style="color: black;">这般</span>做又会让<span style="color: black;">表示</span>器的成本大大<span style="color: black;">增多</span>，得不偿失。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>高阶的MiniLED的<span style="color: black;">表示</span>器<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>做到高阶OLED的水准，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>在成本<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>上还有15%<span style="color: black;">上下</span>的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwRiF3SeZXo7~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=vnbgDMoRUKBIaQXzKnbW%2Fba61N4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">得益于国内的屏厂<span style="color: black;">针对</span>MiniLED市场的进攻态度，在<span style="color: black;">将来</span>五年内，MiniLED背光技术将会<span style="color: black;">逐步</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>中高端<span style="color: black;">表示</span>器的主流背光技术，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>其技术<span style="color: black;">亦</span>将<span style="color: black;">持续</span>改进，灯珠数量得到<span style="color: black;">提高</span>，分区<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的技术<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>完善。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwRipFX8YAbB~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=RIeR%2F3jnGbAGunXnhUwFI5A3vV4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">苹果去年发布的全新MacbookPro系列搭载MiniLED屏幕</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而<span style="color: black;">日前</span>，虽然OLED<span style="color: black;">已然</span>占据了自发光屏幕的绝大部分市场，MiniLED蠢蠢欲动，但还有一个“新皇”<span style="color: black;">已然</span>被孕育出来，其带有的“王霸”之气<span style="color: black;">已然</span>让前两者感到威胁，它<span style="color: black;">便是</span>MicroLED。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">MicroLED（英语：MicroLightEmittingDiodeDisplay，中文直译为发光二极管<span style="color: black;">表示</span>器）其<span style="color: black;">表示</span>原理，是将红绿蓝三原色的LED结构设计进行薄膜化、微小化、阵列化，让其尺寸仅在1~10微米等级<span style="color: black;">上下</span>；后将微米级别的LED批量式转移至电路基板上，再在每一个微米LED下安装电路和晶体管，就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>完成一个简单的MicroLED<span style="color: black;">表示</span>器。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwRjJBDlv13h~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=yzhUCimG9xEwulJftaqlEfACNuc%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">MicroLED的每一个像素都含有<span style="color: black;">能够</span>自发光、独立<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的RGB三个LED子像素。以索尼在2012年推出的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>款MicroLED<span style="color: black;">制品</span>CrystalLED为例，该<span style="color: black;">表示</span>器<span style="color: black;">持有</span>55英寸的面积，1920*1080的分辨率，它的微米LED的数量就为1920*1080*3=6220800颗。相比于高阶的MiniLED<span style="color: black;">表示</span>器区2万颗<span style="color: black;">上下</span>的灯珠，MicroLED的技术难度<span style="color: black;">提高</span>得不止一点半点。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwRjqH3KpDMn~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=KJKed%2BDDryS5vdXM0B6eiW0CX74%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">来自三星Display官网<span style="color: black;">针对</span>MicroLED的介绍</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>MicroLED采用的是自发光的单独的微米级LED，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>其在色彩表现能力上是出类拔萃的，微米LED发光频谱其主波长的半高全宽FWHM仅约20nm，可<span style="color: black;">供给</span>极高的色饱和度，<span style="color: black;">一般</span>可大于120%NTSC。这与当下顶级的OLED<span style="color: black;">表示</span>器所能<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的色域几乎是一致的。<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>LED无机物的稳定性，让色彩无论在<span style="color: black;">运用</span>多少时间后都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>保持一致性与稳定性，这一点是OLED所<span style="color: black;">没法</span>比拟的。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>MicroLED<span style="color: black;">亦</span>兼顾<span style="color: black;">表示</span>纯黑色的特性，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>是像素级别的纯黑色，这一点要比MiniLED的分区背光<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>要来得更加直接和纯粹。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwSEUDHRMZXO~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=Fzpx8vWUGUXqFEKLqEMqLcFk9MU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">来自三星Display官网<span style="color: black;">针对</span>MicroLED的介绍</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而MicroLED能实现的<span style="color: black;">另一</span>一点<span style="color: black;">便是</span>省电和超高的亮度，在传统LCD电视中，<span style="color: black;">表示</span>效率约为3%，LCD中的TFT的损耗很小，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它是电压驱动的。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>彩色滤光片、偏光片和LC材料中的能量损失，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>就<span style="color: black;">引起</span>LCD的效率很低。而MicroLED<span style="color: black;">因为</span>结构简单，能耗较小，<span style="color: black;">持有</span>更高的光电转换效率，功率消耗量可低至LCD的10%、OLED的50%，在大幅度减少单位用电的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>还<span style="color: black;">准许</span>更高的能量用于直接发光，让最高亮度<span style="color: black;">能够</span>去到近2000尼特。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwSFNIRUUB4j~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=g0SAD%2BW09%2FpWIiAmIv6C7NNWXWo%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">来自三星Display官网<span style="color: black;">针对</span>MicroLED的介绍</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">MicroLED几乎集合了OLED和LCD的所有优点，兼顾了高亮度、高色域、高对比度，又能做到长寿命、省电、柔性屏。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说是<span style="color: black;">将来</span>屏幕的集大成者，那<span style="color: black;">为何</span>MicroLED<span style="color: black;">持有</span>这么多优点还<span style="color: black;">无</span>普及呢？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">能够</span>说成<span style="color: black;">亦</span>萧何败<span style="color: black;">亦</span>萧何，MicroLED的<span style="color: black;">优良</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>来自于它多达百万级的微米LED，而难度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>这上面。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>，MicroLED<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有三个技术难点和问题，量子效率Droop效应（有效发光面有限、红光LED效率低）、驱动能力匹配问题（需要高电流、低功耗的驱动材料）、巨量转移问题（工艺<span style="color: black;">需求</span>高、精度<span style="color: black;">需求</span>高、成本高）。而最重要的问题就出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>巨量转移问题上。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwSGAGilmkJa~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=JlyXDMuTacSM1vQaKP6jwhcfeDU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">巨量转移示意图</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">巨量移植技术是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>MicroLED的主流、理想制造技术，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>MicroLED是以微米级为单位的二极管，需要在硅晶圆上来制造，而非直接在屏幕基板上制造。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>这就需要让在硅晶圆上生产出来的微米LED移植到屏幕的基板上。这其中的转移技术就叫做巨量移植。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>待转移的微米LED晶片，大约为头发丝的1/10，需要精度很高的精细化操作；一次转移需要移动几万乃至几十万颗以上的LED，数量<span style="color: black;">非常</span>巨大，<span style="color: black;">需求</span>有极高的转移速率，这就让该技术的实现难度有了较高的挑战。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwSGjB9eSsN3~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=7Dw0PC1zSwpsrBBYYn%2BfarDM7WA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">巨量转移示意图，来自eeNews</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>，制造海量的微米LED的成本<span style="color: black;">亦</span>比较昂贵，以<span style="color: black;">一起</span>2K分辨率的MicroLED屏幕举例，其就需要1105万颗微米LED<span style="color: black;">才可</span>实现，在当前的制造难度下，其就决定了MicroLED的成本与售价肯定是不菲的。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>在民用<span style="color: black;">行业</span>中，MicroLED还<span style="color: black;">无</span>正式的量产<span style="color: black;">制品</span>，上一个离<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>比较近的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>是三星的TheWall商用屏幕，三星的TheWall电视采用了806.4×453.6mm的MicroLED面板模组<span style="color: black;">形成</span>，<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>模组<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>960×540分辨率，无边框设计，可完美拼接。<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>模组都有250-2000nits亮度，约10,000:1的对比度，16bit颜色深度，高达100/120Hz刷新率。<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>模组的拼接来自由组合屏幕<span style="color: black;">体积</span>，最高<span style="color: black;">能够</span>选装292英寸的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。售价<span style="color: black;">亦</span>超过了惊人的10万美金。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwSHVHXk85SR~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=NrNEzMmalWxwqiiBXPzh0Dvun2M%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然，MicroLED在技术和成本、制造上仍然有着不小的难点，但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不阻止各大屏厂以及大品牌对它的<span style="color: black;">巴望</span>。世界最成功的科技品牌之一的苹果就在2020年<span style="color: black;">起始</span>布局MicroLED，苹果与台湾省LED生产商晶元光电和台湾省液晶面板制造商友达光电合作建造新工厂，该工厂将<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>新竹科学园区龙潭分厂，苹果的总投资估计为新台币100亿美元（3.34亿美元）。苹果在一份公开报告中<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>：“与OLED<span style="color: black;">同样</span>，Micro-LED<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是自发光的。然而，与OLED相比，Micro-LED<span style="color: black;">能够</span>支持更高的亮度、更高的动态范围和更广的色域，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>实现更快的更新速率、更广的视角和更低的功耗，这些都是苹果<span style="color: black;">喜爱</span>的品质。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在MicroLED普及后，相信其<span style="color: black;">必定</span>会<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">将来</span>屏幕材质的首要<span style="color: black;">选取</span>，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>其模块化的组装方式，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>让屏幕<span style="color: black;">按照</span>用户的心意来进行定制，让屏幕<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>进入“DIY时代”。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/T1IwT1E1dAid1b~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728789260&x-signature=6Lc%2BBCCcsZ3anFWC7ioDSDzpaMg%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">来自三星Display官网<span style="color: black;">针对</span>MicroLED的介绍</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总结：本期的《硬件编年史》，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>分析总结了<span style="color: black;">日前</span>自发光屏幕阵营（OLED、MiniLED、MIcroLED）三大<span style="color: black;">制品</span>线的实现技术与优缺点。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>的自发光屏幕做得比较成熟、市场接受度高的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>为OLED，但OLED并不会制霸自发光屏幕阵营榜首很久，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>MiniLED会在这几年实现弯道超车，待分区背光技术与<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>芯片成熟后，其寿命长、无衰减、不烧屏的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>就会凸显出来。而Micro-LED则是<span style="color: black;">将来</span>20年屏幕发展的大趋势，模块化、微型化的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>形态，高亮、广色域、高对比、省电、反应快的特点都让它<span style="color: black;">能够</span>笑到最后。</p>
对于这个问题，我有不同的看法...
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