药企研发的“自由度”|老梁说药
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<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"> <img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/SnCITAyDV2HUuR~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728796586&x-signature=6tyLLZW9yoo14csFmVw5lGk%2B7Ds%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">前些日子,收到一位<span style="color: black;">青年</span>读者发来的邮件。我想他在邮件中提出的问题在<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>有意向步入制药界的<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人<span style="color: black;">其中</span>应该是有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的<span style="color: black;">表率</span>性的:</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">读者:我<span style="color: black;">日前</span>从事<span style="color: black;">药品</span>化学<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>……正徘徊在不知该去往学术界还是工业界的人生十字路口。无意间<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到您有<span style="color: black;">数年</span>从事<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>的经验,想请教您在大型制药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>内部<span style="color: black;">药品</span>化学的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>流程<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>,个人的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>自由度有多大?</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">老梁:</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">当年我在默沙东新药<span style="color: black;">科研</span>院面试的时候,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>问了一位老资格的<span style="color: black;">分部</span>负责人很类似的问题,我还记得他当时是<span style="color: black;">这般</span>回答的:“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>(默沙东新药<span style="color: black;">科研</span>院)有明文规定,刚入职的博士<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有10%的时间做自己想做的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,每一次晋升后比例还会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,到我<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>这个级别,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有80%的时间做我想做的研究。”他顿了一顿,说:“<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上我<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>一点点自己的时间<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>,更<span style="color: black;">不消</span>说做<span style="color: black;">科研</span>了。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>对<span style="color: black;">发布</span>学术论文还是<span style="color: black;">知道</span>鼓励的,晋升和绩效考核都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>加分。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我不认为他这番话对我<span style="color: black;">选取</span>加入默沙东有决定性影响,但肯定<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能加分。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>有“自由度”吗?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">药企<span style="color: black;">开发</span><span style="color: black;">分部</span>的<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>项目都有很<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的年度<span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span>,需要在年底时把它推进到某个节点。这个项目<span style="color: black;">开发</span>团队的所有成员,当然都会把<span style="color: black;">重点</span>精力都放在<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>推进项目上,<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>在年前达标,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>能让一款新药更快上市,当然,成员<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>多拿奖金,尤其是项目负责人。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,为了<span style="color: black;">保准</span>项目全面推进,他/她是不会,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不该</span>该放任项目组的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员花时间去做不着边际“自己想做的”<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>,能否做跟项目<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的研究呢?<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你是博士以上级别的高级<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>你基本上完全“自由”,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>很少有老板会告诉你<span style="color: black;">详细</span>做什么和怎么做。这些在很大程度上都是自己的决定。即使你有一个细节管理(micromanage)的老板,非要让你<span style="color: black;">根据</span>他的意思去做,只要你手脚麻利,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>夹带点自己的“私活”(<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>自己想做的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>工作)<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是很难,当然还是要跟项目<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尤其是<span style="color: black;">药品</span>化学,在很大程度上还是经验科学,可预见性不高。<span style="color: black;">处理</span>一个特定的问题<span style="color: black;">常常</span>需要开展<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>尝试,对<span style="color: black;">研究</span>人员创新能力的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>很高。在一个核心化学结构的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,要能够<span style="color: black;">持续</span>想出新的修饰<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,以及快速合成的路径,尝试<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的反应<span style="color: black;">要求</span>,等等。在这些方面,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说是“完全自由”的。一旦<span style="color: black;">得到</span>了好结果,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>都会来争着做。<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>“保住自己的地盘”又是<span style="color: black;">另一</span>一个问题了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>做“自己想做的”<span style="color: black;">科研</span>?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">你<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许会问:那能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>做与项目完全不<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>呢?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">既然你<span style="color: black;">选取</span>进入制药行业,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>,“自己想做的”<span style="color: black;">科研</span>应该<span style="color: black;">亦</span>还是跟制药<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的,否则就应该认真<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到“自己想做的<span style="color: black;">行业</span>”去求职。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你对<span style="color: black;">详细</span>的项目不感兴趣,当然<span style="color: black;">能够</span>提出来换一个。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你所在的<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>你感兴趣的项目,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>换一家<span style="color: black;">机构</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你只是想做点“零活”,在不耽误“正事”的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下还是有很大自由度的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我<span style="color: black;">刚才</span>加入默沙东没多久,项目组<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,将<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>先导化合物上的一个酰胺键用“噁二唑(oxadiazole)”来取代的话,产物的成药性有<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">提高</span>,于是合成<span style="color: black;">各样</span>取代的噁二唑就<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>团队的焦点。当时的文献<span style="color: black;">办法</span>用酰氯为<span style="color: black;">初始</span>物,再加上有毒的高沸点溶剂,反应产率不高,污染还很严重,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>都不愿意做。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我分析了这个反应的成环机理后,推测用<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的酰胺试剂应该<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>完成,于是抽空自己做了一个很小剂量的<span style="color: black;">实验</span>反应,居然还真就检测到了噁二唑。接下来我就设计了一系列实验,抽空跟助手<span style="color: black;">一块</span>优化了反应<span style="color: black;">要求</span>,一个新的合成<span style="color: black;">办法</span>就此诞生了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个新的合成<span style="color: black;">办法</span>用很<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的羧酸<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">初始</span>物,可<span style="color: black;">选取</span>无毒溶剂,后处理<span style="color: black;">方便</span>,受到<span style="color: black;">大众</span>的欢迎。后来我把论文<span style="color: black;">发布</span>在《四面体通讯》(Tetrahedron Letters)杂志上,该论文在相当长的一段时间内都是检索“噁二唑合成”的头条(有兴趣的读者<span style="color: black;">能够</span>自己去检索)。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">你觉得这是“自己想做的”还是“项目<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的”呢?应该两者都是吧。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>做“自己想做的”项目?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在药企,尤其是大药企做<span style="color: black;">开发</span>,项目的决定权肯定都在高层,连<span style="color: black;">分部</span>负责人<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不见得能做“自己想做的”项目。每年默沙东新药<span style="color: black;">科研</span>院的大佬们开会决定下一年的项目,<span style="color: black;">分部</span>负责人按轻重缓急分配资源,当然<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>人力资源,像你我<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的<span style="color: black;">研究</span>人员就被“安排”<span style="color: black;">稳妥</span>了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当年<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>团队完<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>西格列汀的临床前<span style="color: black;">科研</span>之后,<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的决定是接着<span style="color: black;">开发</span>“长效”的第二代<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。我几次公开<span style="color: black;">暗示</span><span style="color: black;">不必</span>做“长效”DPP-4<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂,而是应该做上游靶点——GLP-1受体的激动剂,可惜无人理会,错失了百亿美元的大市场(2019年<span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">营销</span>113亿美元!)。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">数年</span>之后,我成立了自己的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,<span style="color: black;">最终</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>做“自己想做的”项目了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2022年6月于新泽西</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">作者简介</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">贵柏曾在默沙东新药<span style="color: black;">科研</span>院工作<span style="color: black;">数年</span>,潜心钻研<span style="color: black;">药品</span>化学,颇有建树。几年前回国加入药明康德,从事业务<span style="color: black;">研发</span>、项目管理和驻美运营。梁博士是《新药的故事》一书的作者。他以<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>的<span style="color: black;">累积</span>、独特的视角和生动的文字,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>《老梁说药》栏目讲述新药<span style="color: black;">开发</span>“<span style="color: black;">背面</span>的故事”,令人耳目一新,脑洞大开。梁贵柏博士<span style="color: black;">日前</span>是偕怡制药联合创始人兼首席<span style="color: black;">专家</span>,欢迎读者<span style="color: black;">经过</span>邮箱gbliang55@hotmail.com与梁博士联系。</p>
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