BIM技术在京张高铁项目中的应用
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>项目概况 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">新八达岭隧道全长12.01km,隧道连续穿越居庸关、水关、八达岭长城等风景名胜,3次穿越长城,近距离穿越百年京张铁路和石佛寺村,是全线环保<span style="color: black;">需求</span>最严格,工期最紧张的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>性工程。隧道采用并行双洞多分支斜井设计、多工作面协同作业,有效满足环保和工期<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。 </p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/035c7647e29a41c4ab174f634e8f56a6~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=Up3sW3XwI1HqBTcrADVYKmWfQl4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">八达岭长城站<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>北京延庆滚天沟停车场下方,毗邻八达岭长城。车站地下建筑面积3.6万平方米,轨面埋深102m,旅客<span style="color: black;">提高</span>高度62m,是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>国内埋深及<span style="color: black;">提高</span>高度最大的高速铁路地下站;车站层次多、洞室数量大、洞型<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>、约80多种断面,交叉节点密集是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>国内最<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的暗挖洞群车站;车站两端渡线段单洞开挖跨度达32.7m,是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>国内单拱跨度最大的暗挖铁路隧道。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/a25f8ccecf0f45a9bf1bee7adf33861e~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=d%2FRJlSOYevSN%2FJwPKaG5WhdANKQ%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">八达岭长城站 </p>
</div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 设计单位:中铁工程设计咨询集团有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span> </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">负责本项目BIM技术在设计中的实施应用 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">施工单位:中铁五局集团有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>京张三标项目部 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">负责本项目BIM技术在施工中的实施应用 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">咨询单位:中国铁道科学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>院集团有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span> </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">负责本项目BIM技术在施工管理平台中的实施应用 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>试点内容 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.设计<span style="color: black;">周期</span> </strong></p>BIM协同设计; 验证模型编码规则、构件划分及<span style="color: black;">规律</span>关系; 验证<span style="color: black;">关联</span>IFC、IFD标准; <span style="color: black;">创立</span>专业族库; 验证模型交付精度标准; 验证BIM成果验收、审核、转发、归档等管理模式; 工程量统计; 碰撞<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.施工<span style="color: black;">周期</span> </strong></p>施工模型<span style="color: black;">创立</span>; 轻量化展示; 可视化技术交底; 施组编制; 激光/照相成模; 验证BIM成果验收、审核、归档等管理模式。<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>中国铁路总<span style="color: black;">机构</span>BIM试点项目工作安排,结合京张精品工程<span style="color: black;">需要</span>,扩展至线路、地质、隧道、轨道、站场站前专业及在八达岭长城站环控通风、给排水、四电等站后专业的BIM设计、施工<span style="color: black;">关联</span>应用<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3.试点<span style="color: black;">目的</span> </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)验证已发布的《铁路工程实体结构分解指南》《铁路工程信息模型<span style="color: black;">归类</span>和编码标准》《铁路工程信息模型数据存储标准》;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)探索项目设计中同一专业内部、<span style="color: black;">区别</span>专业间的协同设计; </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)实现设计优化,<span style="color: black;">处理</span>用传统二维图纸表达<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>三维形态<span style="color: black;">困难</span>,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>设计准确率,对<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>三维形态的可实施性进行拓展; </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)探索BIM在铁路建设项目管理中的应用场景。以建设项目的进度、质量、安全、环保、投资<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>等管理<span style="color: black;">目的</span>为主线,探索应用BIM进行设计变更、进度跟踪、质量安全和投资<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>管理的实施<span style="color: black;">办法</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(5)探索基于BIM的项目管理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>、流程及模式,以标准化管理为<span style="color: black;">目的</span>,促进管理手段的<span style="color: black;">提高</span>。 </p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/a6ae5a3c2dbd4bd1b28a24b52dc0ad63~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=xVZhzlGwUQlKF0QC8FC8gRzvheY%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">BIM模型、编码<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">困难</span>讨论 </p>
</div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>BIM设计<span style="color: black;">周期</span>应用 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">项目BIM设计应用<span style="color: black;">包含</span>:资源配置、协同设计、BIM设计建模、建模过程中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的问题及<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>、<span style="color: black;">创立</span>构件库、IFD编码验证、模型属性及构件<span style="color: black;">检测</span>、正向设计探索。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.资源配置 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">硬件配置:采用Bentley软件平台为BIM工作平台。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">软件配置:<span style="color: black;">按照</span>BIM系统信息化平台特点,采用MicroStationCE、Power Civil for China、AGLOSGEO、LumenRT、AECOsim Building Designer等实现BIM系统运行。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/93df53d9003c4fa7aab464904cd0a119~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=AcqWfCGC6Tjxv4YBWewQ1hB825c%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">人员组织</p>
</div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.协同设计 </strong></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/3caf9c5e2884453c8d550af752b2cbc8~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=VtiQ%2BrlpFXwoUx%2FwmrlFbrsPsMo%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">BIM协同设计体系建设</p>
</div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(1)协同标准 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">交付精度标准。规范各专业几何精度和信息深度;模型单元的划分;数据<span style="color: black;">创立</span>、传递和解析; </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表达标准。项目各<span style="color: black;">周期</span>几何及属性表达深度; </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">文件编制办法。各专业<span style="color: black;">触及</span>图纸文档种类及管理办法; </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">模型<span style="color: black;">归类</span>和编码。全<span style="color: black;">周期</span>各专业信息模型<span style="color: black;">归类</span>及对应编码体系。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(2)标准理论建设<span style="color: black;">重点</span>内容</strong>:见下图 </p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/4c21c08c6d0a4fb1bc179741772dd9be~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=k7D142i1x2gOGz2HSsp9IrTjFxg%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(3)协同资源:见下图 </strong></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/b01ebaed17f649019aa537acec5022c9~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=C5IWXWk7DhauGR044J4HfPjzUdk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(4)协同<span style="color: black;">行径</span>:制定项目总体流程和<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>流程 </strong></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/ec655689939c41ebad7709d2c9a89ed6~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=A1FZToIQHsrHubjiUpkIKeh2k3w%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">协同工作流程 </p>
</div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(5)协同组织结构:针对<span style="color: black;">详细</span>工作流进行人员权限及角色的动态管理 </strong></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/899588f0c3eb46c9b02555c12e825f3b~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=inkkpL7wixd9tNgjKptZu4CcTno%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(6)设计工作 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">包含</span>:建模工作中的问题及<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>、构件库<span style="color: black;">创立</span>、IFD编码验证、模型属性及构件<span style="color: black;">检测</span>、正向设计探索等。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/e6657c17818342f387f893b9d09dacc2~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=UmiQGL5IW8ng4Ica50rp9db%2FmAk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">站后专业工作思路 </p>
</div>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/51e4e174ff0d4741bb5b50b23cd14a37~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=idLBk98qJcMZAktuQn9S1lsKA10%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/626268abc7524a12b50a3e4bbe4e3360~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=%2BudkM6lFS%2BuuDQuLfKgKant%2FOzU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">正向设计探索 </p>
</div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(7)<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span> </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">创立</span>全专业构件库,利用参数化快速建模技术,将设计意图以参数形式驱动模型自动<span style="color: black;">创立</span>; </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">基于BIM体系的特点,结合集团IDM开展<span style="color: black;">关联</span>标准和规程的制定; </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">各<span style="color: black;">周期</span>全专业采用统一数据框架进行模型专业属性管理; </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">创立</span>全专业构件<span style="color: black;">规律</span>结构,形成构件管理树,对成果模型进行精细化管理;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对<span style="color: black;">包含</span>设计工具、构件库等资源集中托管,实现全专业在同一环境中开展协同设计工作; </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">封装用户自定义类的方式扩展设计平台对各专业的支持。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>BIM施工应用 </strong> </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.成果交付 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">BIM模型的交付流程为:模型轻量化转换→模型质量<span style="color: black;">检测</span>→模型上传→模型审核和发布→模型分发 </p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/727aa6189b1e47018c68b072f36f934b~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=BX9do9D28di4QHwVY6eZRwKYeqQ%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)模型轻量化 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>模型轻量化转化插件将BIM模型设计源文件转化成统一格式的轻量化模型文件及模型属性数据文件,从而<span style="color: black;">处理</span>的模型源文件格式不统一以及模型的浏览器展示和交互操作问题。轻量化转换的模型压缩比高达:200:1,并可保持模型失真,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,支持所有几何元素、非几何、自定义属性(EBS、IFD等编码)数据提取功能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">模型<span style="color: black;">检测</span>:见下图</strong></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/bbc949b32c344f798174279b3c022f66~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=dqfdZk6J7N0mguAB0Dq3vDmHbTM%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(2)模型上传 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上传内容:模型源文件、轻量化模型文件及模型属性数据文件。模型上传后模型属性数据将进行结构化存储,方便后续BIM应用信息检索和数据<span style="color: black;">拜访</span>。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(3)模型审核和发布 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">模型上传至模型库后进行人工审核。审核人员<span style="color: black;">经过</span>浏览器浏览BIM并进行<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>、剖切等操作。发布人员<span style="color: black;">按照</span>审核意见进行发布。发布后模型<span style="color: black;">供给</span>给施工单位<span style="color: black;">关联</span>人员下载<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。模型库还对模型进行版本和<span style="color: black;">拜访</span>权限管理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.施工模型<span style="color: black;">创立</span> </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">WBS分解:见下图 </strong></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/9f8f71c1fc0241739536a84c4503b382~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=DnUUVTUZASxPba5QNvqmzTUAn2w%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(1)可视化技术交底 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">制作了锚杆施工、锚索施工、三洞分离段施工、三联拱段施工、围岩等级工法施工等三维可视化技术交底。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(2)电子沙盘的施组计划预演及进度跟踪 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">功能分析:建设综合展示、施工流程及工艺模拟、应急疏散及路线规划、结构分解及分层展示、进度模拟、通风<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">激光/照相成模:见下图 </p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/84ac8a8d8c35428a90db6e2db8f8ff49~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728825567&x-signature=GtBPobHJhR0oDOo%2FxgtwBxemHos%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(3)二衬混凝土浇筑管理系统探索<span style="color: black;">科研</span> </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在新八达岭隧道大跨过渡段中,大断面二衬混凝土浇筑尚属首次,BIM小组<span style="color: black;">按照</span>项目需要,<span style="color: black;">研发</span>并应用二衬混凝土浇筑管理系统,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>数据实时更新与提示,不仅严格<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>混凝土浇筑,还为成本<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>有力的数据支持,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>了大跨段二衬施工的安全与质量。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:铁路BIM联盟</p>
</div>
外贸B2B平台有哪些? 楼主节操掉了,还不快捡起来!
页:
[1]