网络批发营销香烟可能形成违法经营罪
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如今,不少<span style="color: black;">行径</span>人<span style="color: black;">经过</span>网络平台<span style="color: black;">营销</span>香烟。依据我国烟草<span style="color: black;">营销</span>司法解释的规定,<span style="color: black;">营销</span>香烟必须持有相应的批发、零售许可证,否则将以<span style="color: black;">违法</span>经营罪论处。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>司法实践中就<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了两个问题:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>,<span style="color: black;">行径</span>人<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有许可证。如今,确实<span style="color: black;">无</span>证件就从事香烟经营的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>人较少,更<span style="color: black;">大都是</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>证件的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>人与有证件的人合伙经营、家庭<span style="color: black;">一起</span>经营<span style="color: black;">或</span>租用、借用他人许可证进行经营。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>前两者,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不会被认定为犯罪<span style="color: black;">行径</span>,对此并不存在疑异。而租、借他人许可证的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">行径</span>人在烟草专卖<span style="color: black;">分部</span>进货后在指定地点经营,则与持证人<span style="color: black;">自己</span>经营<span style="color: black;">无</span>实质区别。<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>扰乱市场秩序,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>无损国家税收,不<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>严重的社会<span style="color: black;">害处</span>性,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不该</span>该以<span style="color: black;">违法</span>经营罪论处。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">第二,<span style="color: black;">行径</span>人从事的香烟经营<span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>超过许可证规定的范围。实践中较为<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>是,持有烟草零售许可证的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>人从事烟草批发经营活动。依据<span style="color: black;">关联</span>行政法规的规定,只要<span style="color: black;">行径</span>人一次<span style="color: black;">营销</span>卷烟、雪茄烟50条以上的,视为从事烟草制品批发业务。而<span style="color: black;">按照</span>最高法的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>批复来看,这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>并不<span style="color: black;">形成</span><span style="color: black;">违法</span>经营罪,只应该予以行政处罚。即违法所得1-5倍的罚款、没收违法所得以及烟叶。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">综上,<span style="color: black;">行径</span>人<span style="color: black;">经过</span>网络平台买卖香烟<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">形成</span><span style="color: black;">违法</span>经营罪,关键要看其<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有许可证。只要有许可证,即便超范围、跨区域经营,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不该</span>该承担刑事责任。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">黄某果、许某某<span style="color: black;">违法</span>经营案</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">基本案情:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">被告人黄某果与被告人黄某明系父子关系,黄某果与被告人许某某系<span style="color: black;">夫妇</span>关系。黄某果、许某某、黄某明<span style="color: black;">一起</span>经营XX商店(<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>韶关市浈江区)。该店由黄某明注册登记,并于2011年12月8日取得《烟草专卖零售许可证》,许可范围为卷烟、雪茄烟、国外烟草制品。但该店<span style="color: black;">实质</span>经营人为其儿子黄某果,许某某、黄某明<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>黄某果管理和<span style="color: black;">营销</span>。果源商店自2011年至2013年间先后九次<span style="color: black;">由于</span>未在当地烟草专卖批发企业进货、无烟草专卖品准运证运输卷烟的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>受到韶关市烟草专卖局给予的行政处罚。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">被告人黄某果、许某某<span style="color: black;">经过</span>互联网从事卷烟<span style="color: black;">营销</span>业务和批发业务,<span style="color: black;">营销</span>金额共计人民币735590元,其中批发业务金额为487601元。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">法院认为:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">黄某果、许某某、黄某明<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">形成</span><span style="color: black;">违法</span>经营罪的问题,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>法律规定,对<span style="color: black;">违法</span>经营烟草专卖品、情节严重的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>以<span style="color: black;">违法</span>经营罪定罪处罚,须具备的<span style="color: black;">要求</span>之一是经营者无烟草专卖生产企业许可证、烟草专卖批发企业许可证、特种烟草专卖经营企业许可证、烟草专卖零售许可证等许可证明。本案中,黄某果、许某某在与黄某明<span style="color: black;">一起</span>经营由黄某明注册登记、并于2011年12月8日取得《烟草专卖零售许可证》的果源商店的过程中,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>互联网从事卷烟批发业务(批发业务金额为487601元),系持有烟草专卖零售许可证的。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,黄某果、许某某不宜<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">违法</span>经营罪定罪处罚,黄某果、许某某不<span style="color: black;">形成</span><span style="color: black;">违法</span>经营罪。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">北京蓝秦律师刑事法律服务团(公众号)</p>
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